LINE SCAN SENSORS
DALSA IL-P1-4096E
Image Sensors
The IL-P1-4096E sets new line scan standards. Its unprece-
dented design and fabrication sophistication has produced
superior performance: high blue response and low image lag,
two taps for high line rates, low-voltage clocks—and
DALSA’s standard 100% fill factor.
Features
n2 taps @ 25MHz data rate per tap
nLine rates to 12kHz
nLow voltage clocks (<5V)
n10µm (H) x 10µm (V) pixels, 100% fill factor
n4096 pixels
nAntiblooming and exposure control
nHighly sensitive, with responsivity reaching
13.8V/(µJ/cm2)
nRoHS compliant
Description
Physical Characteristics IL-P1-4096E
Pixel dimensions 10µm x 10µm
Active area 10µm x 41mm
Active pixels per line 4096
Isolation pixels per line 14
Shielded pixels per line 32
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32 RST
31 VOD
30 OS2
29 VSS
28 CR1B
27 CR2B
26 VBB
25 VSS
24 VSTOR
23 CR2S
22 CR1S
21 VBB
20 VBB
19 VHIGH
18
17
VDD
VHIGH
VLOW 1
VDD 2
OS1 3
VSET 4
CRLAST 5
CR1S 6
CR2S 7
TCK 8
PR 9
VPR 10
CR1B 11
CR2B 12
VSS 13
VHIGH 14
VHIGH 15
NC 16
Pin Symbol Name
1 VLOW Low Bias Voltage
2,18 VDD Amplifier Supply Voltage
3 OS1 Output Signal 1
4 VSET Output Node Set Gate Voltage
5 CRLAST Readout Clock, Last storage phase
6, 22 CR1S Readout Clock, Phase 1—Storage Phase
7, 23 CR2S Readout Clock, Phase 2Storage Phase
8 TCK Transfer Clock
9 PR Pixel Reset Clock
10 VPR Pixel Reset Drain Voltage
11, 28 CR1B Readout Clock, Phase 1Barrier Phase
12, 27 CR2B Readout Clock, Phase 2—Barrier Phase
14, 15, 17, 19 VHIGH High Bias Voltage
16 NC No Connection
20, 21, 26 VBB Substrate Bias Voltage
24 VSTOR Storage Well Voltage
13, 25, 29 VSS Ground Reference
30 OS2 Output Signal 2
31 VOD Output Reset Drain Voltage
32 RST Output Reset Clock
Table 1. Pin Functional Description
DALSA’s IL-P1-4096E series of linear CCD image sensors use
proprietary technology to provide two outputs at 25 MHz each.
The series employs buried channel CCD shift registers to maxi-
mize output speed and reduce noise. The sensor has a dynamic
range of >3200:1 and provides output which is linear for the op-
erating range of light input. The IL-P1-4096E’s exposure control
allows integration times shorter than the readout time. Proprie-
tary DALSA image sensor architecture provides low image lag
pixels and high blue response.
The IL-P1-4096E sensor’s superior performance makes it ide-
ally suited for applications requiring maximum speed and high
resolution, such as:
nHigh performance document scanning
nInspection
nOptical character recognition
Functional Description
The IL-P1-4096E sensor is composed of three main functional
groups: photodiodes in which the signal charge packets are
generated, two CCD readout shift registers, and two output am-
plifiers where the charge packets are converted to voltage
pulses.
Detection
The IL-P1-4096E series includes sensors with 4096 pixels with
active imaging area lengths of 41mm. Photoelements are 10µm
square for a photosensitive area of 100µm2and a 1:1 aspect ra-
tio. Light incident on these photoelements is converted into
charge packets whose size (i.e., number of electrons) is linearly
dependent on the light intensity and the integration time. The
charge is collected into a separate storage well (VSTOR) adja-
cent to each photoelement. This helps to minimize both image
lag and nonuniformities associated with the use of pixel reset.
With exposure control disabled, integration time is the period
between successive pulses of the transfer (TCK) clock. Integra-
tion time can be further reduced with electronic exposure control
using the pixel reset (PR) clock. The pixel reset clock resets not
the photoelements themselves but the storage well adjacent to
each photoelement. When PR is clocked, the integration time
becomes the duration between the falling edge of the PR clock
and the rising edge of the TCK clock.
When PR is clocked, the PR pulse must be damped to produce a
smooth PR pulse. If PR switches too rapidly, the uniformity of
the OSn signals will be affected by the PR clock feedthrough.
Antiblooming is always present when biases fall within the
specified operating conditions. By adjusting VSTOR however,
the user has the added flexibility of selecting the antiblooming
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NPhotoelem ents(10µ m x 10µ m )4I32 S 4I 32 S
CCD ReadoutShiftRegister
CCD ReadoutShiftRegister
5I
5I
4I
4I
TCK
PR
VPR
VSTOR
CR1S, CR2S,
CR1B, CR2B, CRLAST
CR1S, CR2S,
CR1B, CR2B, CRLAST
VSET
VBB
RST
VOD
VSS
VDD
OS1
32 S
4I
Light-shielded pixels
N = 4096
Isolation pixels
OS2
Storage Well with Exposure Control and Reset Structure
Storage Well with Exposure Control and Reset Structure
Relative position of package Pin 1
1
Figure 1. Block Diagram
Clock Drivers Min. # Required 1
Voltage Speed PR 2off PR on
Low High 3 3
High Low 1 2
1. Redundant clock drivers may be required to drive the
CCD input capacitance. Refer to Figure 7 for details.
2. PR = Pixel Reset (exposure control).
Table 2. # of Clock Drivers Required
DC Biases # Required 1
Regulated? PR 2off PR on
Yes 10 9
No 3 3
1. Refer to Figure 7 for details.
2. PR = Pixel Reset (exposure control).
Table 3. # of DC Biases Required
level (the signal level beyond which additional signal charges are
drained away). A higher VSTOR bias results in a higher anti-
blooming level.
Transfer
The TCK clock controls the transfer of electrons from the stor-
age well into two discrete readout registers for alternating
odd/even pixel readout. Transfer is from the storage wells into
the CR1 phases of the readout registers. The readout registers
are then used to serially shift the charge packets to the two
high-speed low-noise output amplifiers.
The two readout registers are pseudo-2-phase buried-channel
CCD shift registers. The CR1x and CR2x phases are comple-
ments of each other. Each of these two phases has a storage
(CRxS) and a barrier (CRxB) gate. The storage and barrier gates
of each phase are clocked in phase (i.e., CR1S is clocked in
phase with CR1B, and CR2S is clocked in phase with CR2B).
The only difference between the storage and barrier phase
clocks is the bias levels applied to these clocks. AC-coupling
and then DC-shifting the CRxS phases will produce the CRxB
phases.
The final storage electrode of each readout register is connected
separately to CRLAST. CRLAST should be clocked in phase with
CR1.
All CR clocks operate with 50% duty cycle.
Unlike CR1 and CR2, the CRLAST pin is connected to only two
CCD gates, one for each of the two CCD shift registers on each
side. Consequently, the CRLAST capacitance is much smaller
than the CR1 or CR2 capacitance. To prevent CRLAST from
switching much faster than CR1 and CR2, we recommend that a
100Ωresistor be connected in series with CRLAST. The
CRLAST clock should preferably have a slower rise and fall time
than CR1 and CR2.
Additional details on driving the sensor are provided on Figure 7.
Output
The signal charge packets from the readout shift registers are
transferred serially from the last readout gate (CRLAST), over
the set gate (VSET), to a floating sense node diffusion. The set
gate isolates the sense node diffusion from the last readout gate
and the rest of the readout shift register. As signal charge accu-
mulates on the floating node diffusion, the potential of this diffu-
sion decreases. The floating node diffusion is connected to the
input of a 2.5-stage low-noise amplifier, producing an output
signal voltage on the amplifier output (OSn). The floating diffu-
sion is cleared of signal charge by the reset gate (RST) in prepa-
ration for the next signal charge packet. The voltage level of the
floating diffusion after each reset is determined by the output re-
set drain voltage (VOD). AC coupling the output is recom-
mended to eliminate the DC offset.
Each of the output signals (OSn) requires an off-chip load draw-
ing approximately 8mA of load current. If the sensor is running at
greater than 35MHz data rate, or if the load capacitance (CLOAD)
is greater than 10pF, larger load current (up to the 18mA limit)
may be required. As the load current increases, the amplifier
bandwidth increases. The amplifier can also drive larger capaci-
tive loads when the load current is larger. We recommend how-
ever that just enough bandwidth be used since larger bandwidth
also results in increased noise.
If an off-chip current load is not available, each of the amplifier
outputs (OSn) can be connected to a 1.2kΩload resistor. The
use of a passive (resistive) load reduces the amplifier gain, re-
sulting in lower responsivity and saturation output signal.
The variations in charge conversion efficiency among the vari-
ous outputs of the sensor, along with component variations in
the drive electronics, result in output gain mismatch. To match
outputs, we recommend that the camera electronics incorpo-
rate gain correction.
The isolation pixels should not be used for calibration or
detection.
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For product information and updates visit www.dalsa.com Line Scan Sensors
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Parameter Unit Min. Max.
Storage Temp °C -20 80
Operating Temp °C -20 60
Voltage on CR1x, CR2x, CRLAST, RST, VSET, VSTOR,
TCK, PR with respect to VBB
V -10 18
Voltage on OSn, VDD, VOD, VSS, VPR, VHIGH with
respect to VBB
V018
Voltage on OSn with respect to VSS V VDD-8 VDD+1
Amplifier Load Current (ILOAD) mA per output 20
WARNING: Exceeding these values will void product warranty and may damage the device. Applying the VBB bias before the other
biases will help ensure that the above conditions are maintained. Likewise, removing the VBB bias last is also recommended.
Table 4. Absolute Maximum Ratings
Input Characteristics: Capacitance to VBB 1Unit Typical
4096
from CR1S, CR2S1pF 400
from CR1B, CR2B2pF 440
from CRLAST pF 12
from RST pF 10
from PR pF 200
from TCK pF 370
Output Characteristics:
Output Impedance (ROUT)4Ω180Ωwith ILOAD = 8mA
Amplifier Supply Current (IDD)5mA 36mA with ILOAD = 8mA
DC Output Offset (VOS) 6V 10V with ILOAD = 8mA
Notes:
1. Using 1V pk-pk 1MHz signal with +5V DC offset.
2. The two CR1S pins (pins 6 and 22) are internally connected, as are the two CR2S pins (pins 7 and 23).
3. The two CR1B pins (pins 11 and 28) are not internally connected, nor are the two CR2B pins (pins 12 and 27). Capacitance
values indicated refer to the total capacitance of the two CRxB pins.
4. In general, ROUT (Ω) ~520*(I
LOAD)-0.5,I
LOAD in mA.
5. In general, IDD (mA)=2*(10+I
LOAD), ILOAD in mA.
6. In general, VOFFSET (V) = 0.003 * (ILOAD)2-0.22*(I
LOAD) + 11.5, ILOAD in mA.
Table 5. Input/Output Characteristics
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Symbol Description Unit Min. Rec. 1Max.
ILOAD 2Load current to each output (OSn) mA 7.5 8.0 18.0
VDD Amplifier supply voltage V 13.5 14.0 15.0
VOD Output reset drain voltage V 11.0 11.3 11.5
VSET Output node set gate voltage V -0.3 0 0.5
VSTOR 3Storage well voltage V -0.5 0.5 1.0
VPR Pixel reset drain voltage V 13 14 15
VBB Substrate bias V -3 -2 -1
VLOW 4Low bias voltage V VBB VBB VBB
VHIGH High bias voltage V 13 14 15
VSS Ground Reference V 0
Notes:
1. When deviating from the recommended biases, ensure that the new biases meet the essential bias conditions listed in Table
8.
2. ILOAD needs to be > 10mA only if ƒRST > 35MHz or CLOAD > 10pF.
3. VSTOR may be adjusted to affect the antiblooming level. VSAT decreases by 418mV for every 1.0V reduction in VSTOR.
4. If your implementation uses separate digital and analog grounds, connect VLOW to the digital ground.
Table 6. DC Operating Conditions
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Symbol Description Unit Min. Rec. Max.
CRx All CR Clocks swing* V 4.5 5.0 6.5
CRxS Readout Register Clocks (storage
phase)
offset* V 0 0 0.5
CRxB Readout Register Clocks (barrier
phase)
offset V -4.5 -4.0 -3.5
CRLAST Readout Register Clocks
(last storage phase)
offset V -1 -0.8 -0.5
RST Reset Clock offset V 0.2 0.5 0.7
swing V 4.8 5.5 6.5
TCK Transfer Clock offset V VBB 0 0
swing V 6 7 8.5
PR Pixel Reset Clock offset V 0.5 1.2 1.5
swing V 6 7 10
ƒRST Data rate per output MHz 25 40
ƒDATA Effective data rate MHz 50 80
ƒLINE Line rate 4096 kHz 12.0 19.2
Notes:
1. When deviating from the recommended biases, ensure that the new biases meet the essential bias conditions listed in Table
8.
Table 7. AC Operating Conditions
O
ff
set
Swing
*
Conditions If condition not satisfied, the sensor will exhibit…
CR1S high + 3.5 > TCK high > VSTOR + 4.5 Larger lag
PR high > VSTOR + 4 High PRNU when exposure control is enabled
RST high + 5.5 > VOD Poor MTF
Table 8. Essential Bias Conditions
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Life Support Applications
These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of these products
can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. DALSA customers using or selling these products for use in such
applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify DALSA for any damages resulting from such improper use or
sale.
Specification Unit Min. Typ. Max.
Saturation Output Voltage (VSAT) mV 700 900 1100
rms Noise mV 0.28 0.31
Wavelength of Peak Responsivity nm 700
Peak Responsivity V/(µJ/cm2) 12.6 13.8 15.5
Dynamic Range 2250:1 3200:1 3900:1
Charge Conversion Efficiency (CCE) µV/e-5.4 5.7 6.1
Noise Equivalent Exposure (NEE) pJ/cm218 20 25
Saturation Equivalent Exposure (SEE) nJ/cm245 65
Full Well Capacity ke-115 158
Fixed Pattern Noise (FPN) 1,2 PR exposure control disabled
PR exposure control enabled
mV
mV
0.5
2.0
1.0
5.0
Photoresponse Non-Uniformity (PRNU) 3,4 %OS
PR exposure control disabled 8 pixel local neighborhood 2.2 6.0
Global 3.5 8.5
PR exposure control enabled 8 pixel local neighborhood 2.5 6.5
Global 3.8 8.8
Charge Transfer Efficiency (CTE) (readout register) 0.99999 0.999999
First Field Lag 5mV 11.5
Dark Signal, Integration time = 84µs mV 0.15 0.5
Notes:
1. Maximum peak-to-peak variation of all outputs.
2. Due to its general purpose design, DALSA's camera and sensor evaluation hardware provides an output that cannot be used
to directly measure low FPN.
3. The peak-to-peak variation is measured at ~50% SEE.
4. With output gain mismatch correction.
5. Lag is measured at VSAT with ƒLINE = 10kHz.
Test Conditions:
nOperating temperature = 35°C.
nƒRST = data rate per output = 25MHz.
nILOAD = 8mA.
nCLOAD = 10pF.
nTungsten halogen light source, black body color temperature 3200K, filtered with 750nm IR cutoff filter.
nSee Sensor Measurement Definitions (doc# 03-36-00149) for specification definitions.
Table 9. Performance Specifications
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Responsivity [V/( J/cm)]
2
Wavelength (nm)
0
2
1000800600400 500 700 900
4
6
10
12
14
8
Responsivity
34 W/cm
340 W/cm
85 W/cm
100
(%)
SignalOutput
SaturationOutput
0
20
40
60
80
Integration Time (ms)
1.00.80.60.40.2
Output vs. Integration Time
(@700nm)
Figure 2. Performance Measurements
Symbol Description Unit Min. Rec. Max.
tCR Period of CRx clocks
t1Integration time (PR disabled)
t2Integration time (PR enabled)
t3TCK to first valid pixel pixels 23 23
t4Overclock pixels pixels 0 23
t5CRxB falling edge to CRxS falling edge ns 0 0 0.25tCR
t6CR1B falling edge to CRLAST falling edge ns 0 0 0.25tCR
t7TCK high overlap with CR1S high ns 200 300
t8TCK falling edge to CR1S falling edge ns 2
t9CRLAST rising to RST rising edge ns 0 0.5tCR -t
11 0.5tCR -t
11
t10 RST falling edge to CRLAST falling edge ns 0 0 0.5tCR-t11
t11 RST pulse width (FWHM)1ns 5 5 0.25tCR
t12 CR1x and CR2x rise and fall time ns 2 5 0.25tCR
t13 CRLAST rise and fall time ns t12 t12 + 1 0.25tCR
Notes:
1. Full Width Half Maximum
Table 10. Timing Parameters
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TCK
RST
OSn
CR2x
CRLAST
CR1x
Line 1 Line 2
Active Pixels
Line 3
t1
PR
t
tt
2
33
t4
Figure 3. Overall Timing
TCK
RST
CR2S
CR2B
CRLAST
CR1S
CR1B
t
5
t
5
t
6
t
7
t
9
t
10
t
8
t
CR
t
12
t
12
t
11
t
13
t
13
OSn Overclock
Pixel
Overclock
Pixel
Isolation
Pixel
Isolation
Pixel
Figure 4. Detailed Readout Register Timing
n+
n+ n+
VDD
VODRST
VSETCRLASTCR1BCR2SCR2S CR2BCR2B
TCK
PRVPR Pixel
VSTOR
CR1SCR1S CR1BCR1B
OS
VSS
Figure 5. Gate Structure Diagram
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RST
TCK
OS1
OS3
OS2
OS4
CR2x
CRLAST
CR1x
I
S
OC
Isolation Pixel.
Light-Shielded Pixel.
Overclock Pixel.
Sample video
I1
I1
I1
I1
I5
I5
I5
I5
S1
S1
S1
S1
Pixel
1
Pixel
N-1
Pixel
2
Pixel
N
Pixel
3
Pixel
N-3
Pixel
4
Pixel
N-2
Pixel
N/
2-3
Pixel
N/
2+3
Pixel
N/
2-2
Pixel
N/
2+4
N/
2-1
Pixel
Pixel
N/
2+1
Pixel
N/2
Pixel
N/
2+2
S16
S16
S16
S16
OC
OC
OC
OC
OC
OC
OC
OC
OC
OC
OC
OC
I6
I6
I6
I6
I7
I7
I7
I7
Figure 6. Readout Register Timing
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Low-speed
High-voltage
Clock Drivers
Regulated
DC Bias
Non-Critical
DC Bias
Possible
Interface
Circuitry
CRLAST-L,
CRLAST-R
CR1S
CR1B-R
CR1B-L,
CR2B-R
CR2B-L,
CR2S
RST-L, RST-R
TCK
PR
VPR
VLOW
VOD-L
VOD-R
VDD
VSS-L, VSS-R
VBB
VSET-L, VSET-R
VSTOR
OSx
(PIN 5)5
(PINS 6,22)3,4
(PINS 12,28)4
(PINS 11,27)4
(PINS 7,23)3,4
(PIN 17,32)
(PIN 8)
(PIN 9)
(PINS 31)
(PIN 15)
(PINS 2,18)
(PINS 13,25,29)
(PINS 26)
(PIN 4,20)
(PIN 24)
(PINS 3,14,19,30)
(PINS 1)
(PIN 10)VPR
VLOW
VOD-L
VDD6
VSS
VBB
VSET
ILOAD
BIAS
OSx Buffer
VOD-R
CR2 =
2CR1
CR11
RST
TCK
PR
(with
exposure
control)
PR
(without
exposure
control)
CRLAST
BIAS
CRxB-
BIAS
VSTOR7
10k
10k
10k
1k
100nF
100nF
100nF
10k
511
100
Figure 7. Sensor Operation Connections
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1. Clock drivers are designed to drive only up to a maximum capacitance (CMAX) at a given clock frequency. If the total
capacitances of CRLAST, CR1S, and CR1B (see Table 5) exceed CMAX, more than one CR1 driver is required.
2. Clock drivers are designed to drive only up to a maximum capacitance (CMAX) at a given clock frequency. If the total
capacitances of CR2S and CR2B (see Table 5) exceed CMAX, more than one CR2 driver is required.
3. Both pins should be connected to clock drivers, though not necessarily to the same clock driver. If more than one clock
driver is used, it is acceptable to drive each pin from separate drivers.
4. Although the sensors are sufficiently robust that the rise and fall times of CRxS and CRxB do not need to be very closely
matched, performance is more optimal, particularly with the 4096-pixel part, if attempts are made to match the CRxS and
CRxB rise and fall times. If more than one CRx clock driver is used, time constants are more closely matched if the sensor is
driven using either one of the following configurations:
a. Drive the CRxS pins with n CRx drivers. Tie the CRxB pins together. Drive the CRxB pins with a separate set of n CRx drivers.
b. Drive the CRxS pins with 2n CRx drivers. Drive each CRxB pin separately with separate sets of n CRx drivers.
c. Connect a 10Ωresistor in series with CRxS. Drive the CRxS pins with n CRx clock drivers. Connect a 20Ωresistor in series
with each CRxB pin. Drive each CRxB pin with separate sets of n CRx drivers.
Note that the CRxS pins are internally connected together, while the CRxB pins are not.
5. CRLAST should not have a fall time that is much faster than the fall time of CR1B. Unlike CR1B however, the CRLAST pin is
connected to only two CCD gates, one for each of the CCD shift registers. Consequently, the CRLAST capacitance is much
smaller than the CR2B capacitance. This is not an issue if the CRLAST clock is tapped from CR1. However, if CRLAST is
being driven from a separate driver, we recommend that a 150Ωresistor be connected in series with CRLAST.
6. Need to source IDD =2*(10+I
LOAD) mA.
7. May have an optional antiblooming level adjustment.
Notes to Figure 7.
ISO 9001 DALSA maintains a registered quality system meeting the ISO 9001 standard.
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57.30±0.56
12.45±0.20
1.778±0.13
12.45±0.13 12.45±0.13
30.23±0.13
1.778±0.13
5.0±0.3
Notes:
1. Dimensions are in mm.
2. Maximum die rotation is 0.6°.
1.1±0.3 DIE TO
WINDOW SURFACE
0.4±0.1
2.8±0.3
12.7±0.3
0.3 +0.05
-0.03
28.7±0.3 TO CL
OF OPTICAL AREA
No. 32 No. 25 No. 24 No. 17
6.2±0.3 TO CL
OF OPTICAL AREA
No. 8 No. 9 No. 16
Pixel 1
0.5±0.1
Figure 8. Package Dimensions
4096
20
14 DALSA Corp.: Phone: 519-886-6000 Fax: 519-886-8023 03-036-00183-07
ISO 9001 DALSA EUROPE: Phone: +49-8142-46770 Fax: +49-8142-467746 www.dalsa.com
IL-P1-4096E
Line Scan Sensors For product information and updates visit www.dalsa.com
Revision Description
00 Document Release
01 Updated sensor mechanicals in Figure 8. Former diagrams were too detailed.
02 Under Features on page 1, changed "Line rates to 12kHz" to "Line rates to 23.7kHz". Was incorrect.
03 Changed Pin 13 label in figure from VLOW to VSS in Table 1
04
Changed last sentence on page 3 from "To match outputs. we recommend that the camera electronics incorporate a
gain correction of up to 15%" to "To match outputs. we recommend that the camera electronics incorporate gain cor-
rection." This removes the chance that customers interpret 15% as a specification. This was only intended as a guide-
line or recommendation.
05 Added "The isolation pixels should not be used for calibration or detection" to the Functional DescriptionàOutput
section.
06 Added “RoHs compliant” to Features section on page 1.
Added lead-free logo to Figure 8
07 Figure 8, package dimensions, some dimensions and tolerances revised.
Added RoHS logo to Figure 8.
Table 11: Revision History