19-2090; Rev 0; 10/01 0.1%, 25ppm, SC70 Shunt Voltage Reference with Multiple Reverse Breakdown Voltages Features Ultra-Small 3-Pin SC70 Package 0.1% (max) Initial Accuracy 25ppm/C (max) Temperature Coefficient Guaranteed Over -40C to +85C Temperature Range Wide Operating Current Range: 60A to 15mA Low 28VRMS Output Noise (10Hz to 10kHz) 1.2205V, 2.048V, 2.5V, 3.0V, 4.096V, and 5.0V Fixed Reverse Breakdown Voltages No Output Capacitors Required Stable with Capacitive Loads Selector Guide OUTPUT PINVOLTAGE PACKAGE (V) TEMP. RANGE PART Applications Portable, Battery-Powered Equipment Notebook Computers Cell Phones Industrial Process Control MAX6138_EXR12-T -40C to +85C 3 SC70-3 1.2205 MAX6138_EXR21-T -40C to +85C 3 SC70-3 2.0480 MAX6138_EXR25-T -40C to +85C 3 SC70-3 2.5000 MAX6138_EXR30-T -40C to +85C 3 SC70-3 3.0000 MAX6138_EXR41-T -40C to +85C 3 SC70-3 4.0960 MAX6138_EXR50-T -40C to +85C 3 SC70-3 5.0000 Ordering Information appears at end of data sheet. Typical Operating Circuit Pin Configuration TOP VIEW VS RS + ISHUNT + ILOAD ILOAD 1 VR MAX6138 3 N.C.* ISHUNT - 2 SC70 MAX6138 *PIN 3 MUST BE LEFT FLOATING OR CONNECTED TO PIN 2. ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim's website at www.maxim-ic.com. 1 MAX6138 General Description The MAX6138 is a precision, two-terminal shunt mode, bandgap voltage reference available in fixed reverse breakdown voltages of 1.2205V, 2.048V, 2.5V, 3.0V, 4.096V, and 5.0V. Ideal for space-critical applications, the MAX6138 is offered in the subminiature 3-pin SC70 surface-mount package (1.8mm X 1.8mm), 50% smaller than comparable devices in SOT23 surface-mount packages. Laser-trimmed resistors ensure precise initial accuracy. With a 25ppm/C temperature coefficient, the device is offered in three grades of initial accuracy ranging from 0.1% to 0.5%. The MAX6138 has a 60A to 15mA shuntcurrent capability with low-dynamic impedance, ensuring stable reverse breakdown voltage accuracy over a wide range of operating temperatures and currents. The MAX6138 does not require an external stabilizing capacitor while ensuring stability with capacitive loads. The MAX6138 is a higher precision device in a smaller package than the LM4040/LM4050. MAX6138 0.1%, 25ppm, SC70 Shunt Voltage Reference with Multiple Reverse Breakdown Voltages ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Reverse Current (cathode to anode) ..................................20mA Forward Current (anode to cathode) ..................................10mA Human Body Model ...........................................................2000V Machine Model.....................................................................200V Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70C) 3-Pin SC70 (derate 2.17mW/C above +70C) ...........174mW Operating Temperature Range .........................-40C to +125C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65C to +150C Junction Temperature ......................................................+150C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300C Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS--MAX6138_12 (1.2205V) (IR = 100A, TA = -40C to +85C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX MAX6138A (0.1%) 1.2193 1.2205 1.2217 MAX6138B (0.2%) 1.2181 1.2205 1.2229 MAX6138C (0.5%) 1.2144 UNITS Reverse Breakdown Voltage (Note 2) VR 1.2205 1.2266 Minimum Operating Current IRMIN 45 60 A TC 4 25 ppm/C IRMIN IR 1mA 0.3 1.0 1mA IR 12mA 2.5 8.0 0.8 Reverse Voltage Temperature Coefficient (Notes 2, 3) Reverse Breakdown Voltage Change with Operating Current Change VR/IR TA = +25C mV mV Reverse Dynamic Impedance (Note 3) ZR IR = 1mA, f = 120Hz, IAC = 0.1IR 0.3 Wideband Noise eN IR = 10A, 10Hz f 10kHz 20 VRMS t = 1000h 120 ppm Reverse Breakdown Voltage 2 VR _______________________________________________________________________________________ 0.1%, 25ppm, SC70 Shunt Voltage Reference with Multiple Reverse Breakdown Voltages (IR = 100A, TA = -40C to +85C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL Reverse Breakdown Voltage (Note 2) MIN TYP MAX MAX6138A (0.1%) 2.0460 2.0480 2.0500 MAX6138B (0.2%) 2.0439 2.0480 2.0521 MAX6138C (0.5%) 2.0378 2.0480 2.0582 IRMIN 45 65 A TC 4 25 ppm/C IRMIN IR 1mA 0.3 1.0 1mA IR 15mA 2.5 8.0 0.8 VR Minimum Operating Current Reverse Voltage Temperature Coefficient (Notes 2, 3) Reverse Breakdown Voltage Change with Operating Current Change VR/IR CONDITIONS TA = +25C UNITS mV mV Reverse Dynamic Impedance (Note 3) ZR IR = 1mA, f = 120Hz, IAC = 0.1IR 0.3 Wideband Noise eN 10Hz f 10kHz 28 VRMS t = 1000h 120 ppm Reverse Breakdown Voltage Long-Term Stability VR ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS--MAX6138_25 (2.5V) (IR = 100A, TA = -40C to +85C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER Reverse Breakdown Voltage (Note 2) Minimum Operating Current Reverse Voltage Temperature Coefficient (Notes 2, 3) Reverse Breakdown Voltage Change with Operating Current Change SYMBOL MIN TYP MAX MAX6138A (0.1%) 2.4975 2.5000 2.5025 MAX6138B (0.2%) 2.4950 2.5000 2.5050 MAX6138C (0.2%) 2.4875 2.5000 2.5125 IRMIN 45 65 A TC 4 25 ppm/C 0.3 1.0 mV VR VR/IR CONDITIONS TA = +25C IRMIN IR 1mA UNITS mV _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 MAX6138 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS--MAX6138_21 (2.048V) MAX6138 0.1%, 25ppm, SC70 Shunt Voltage Reference with Multiple Reverse Breakdown Voltages ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS --MAX6138_25 (2.5V) (continued) (IR = 100A, TA = -40C to +85C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 1mA IR 15mA 2.5 8.0 mV 0.8 Reverse Breakdown Voltage Change with Operating Current Change VR/IR Reverse Dynamic Impedance (Note 3) ZR IR = 1mA, f = 120Hz, IAC = 0.1IR 0.3 Wideband Noise eN 10Hz f 10kHz 35 VRMS t = 1000h 120 ppm Reverse Breakdown Voltage Long-Term Stability VR ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS--MAX6138_30 (3.0V) (IR = 100A, TA = -40C to +85C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER Reverse Breakdown Voltage (Note 2) Minimum Operating Current Reverse Voltage Temperature Coefficient (Notes 2, 3) Reverse Breakdown Voltage Change with Operating Current Change SYMBOL MIN TYP MAX MAX6138A (0.1%) 2.9970 3.0000 3.0030 MAX6138B (0.2%) 2.9940 3.0000 3.0060 MAX6138C (0.5%) 2.9850 3.0000 3.0150 IRMIN 45 65 A TC 4 25 ppm/C IRMIN IR 1mA 0.3 1.0 1mA IR 15mA 2.5 8.0 0.8 VR VR/IR CONDITIONS TA = +25C UNITS mV mV Reverse Dynamic Impedance (Note 3) ZR IR = 1mA, f =120Hz, IAC = 0.1IR 0.3 Wideband Noise eN 10Hz f 10kHz 45 VRMS t = 1000h 120 ppm Reverse Breakdown Voltage Long-Term Stability 4 VR _______________________________________________________________________________________ 0.1%, 25ppm, SC70 Shunt Voltage Reference with Multiple Reverse Breakdown Voltages MAX6138 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS--MAX6138_41 (4.096V) (IR = 100A, TA = -40C to +85C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER Reverse Breakdown Voltage (Note 2) Minimum Operating Current Reverse Voltage Temperature Coefficient (Notes 2, 3) Reverse Breakdown Voltage Change with Operating Current Change SYMBOL MIN TYP MAX MAX6138A (0.1%) 4.0919 4.0960 4.1001 MAX6138B (0.2%) 4.0878 4.0960 4.1042 MAX6138C (0.5%) 4.0755 4.0960 4.1165 IRMIN 50 73 A TC 4 25 ppm/C IRMIN IR 1mA 0.5 1.2 1mA IR 15mA 3.0 10.0 1.0 VR VR/IR CONDITIONS TA = +25C UNITS mV mV Reverse Dynamic Impedance (Note 3) ZR IR = 1mA, f = 120Hz, IAC = 0.1IR 0.5 Wideband Noise eN 10Hz f 10kHz 64 VRMS t = 1000h 120 ppm Reverse Breakdown Voltage Long-Term Stability VR ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS--MAX6138_50 (5.0V) (IR = 100A, TA = -40C to +85C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER Reverse Breakdown Voltage (Note 2) SYMBOL MIN TYP MAX MAX6138A (0.1%) 4.9950 5.0000 5.0050 MAX6138B (0.2%) 4.9900 5.0000 5.0100 MAX6138C (0.5%) 4.9750 5.0000 5.0250 IRMIN 54 80 A TC 4 25 ppm/C IRMIN IR 1mA 0.5 1.4 1mA IR 15mA 3.5 12.0 VR Minimum Operating Current Reverse Voltage Temperature Coefficient (Notes 2, 3) Reverse Breakdown Voltage Change with Operating Current Change CONDITIONS TA = +25C VR/IR UNITS mV mV _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS--MAX6138_50 (5.0V) (continued) (IR = 100A, TA = -40C to +85C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 1.1 Reverse Dynamic Impedance (Note 3) ZR IR = 1mA, f = 120Hz, IAC = 0.1IR 0.5 Wideband Noise eN 10Hz f 10kHz 80 VRMS t = 1000h 120 ppm Reverse Breakdown Voltage Long-Term Stability VR Note 1: All devices are 100% production tested at +25C and are guaranteed by correlation for TA = TMAX to TMIN, as specified. Note 2: TC is measured by the "box" method, i.e. (VMAX - VMIN) / (TMAX - TMIN) Note 3: Guaranteed by design. Typical Operating Characteristics (IR = 100A, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX6138_12 TEMPERATURE DRIFT MAX6138_30 3 MAX6138_25 MAX6138_20 2 MAX6138_12 1.2210 2.5010 REVERSE VOLTAGE (V) REVERSE VOLTAGE (V) MAX6138_41 4 2.5015 MAX6138 toc02 MAX6138_50 5 1.2215 MAX6138 toc01 6 MAX6138_25 TEMPERATURE DRIFT 1.2205 1.2200 1 MAX6138 toc03 REVERSE CHARACTERISTICS AND MINIMUM OPERATING CURRENT REVERSE VOLTAGE (V) MAX6138 0.1%, 25ppm, SC70 Shunt Voltage Reference with Multiple Reverse Breakdown Voltages 2.5005 2.5000 2.4995 2.4990 2.4895 3 TYPICAL PARTS 0 0 20 40 60 REVERSE CURRENT (A) 6 3 TYPICAL PARTS 2.4890 1.2195 80 100 -40 -20 0 20 40 TEMPERATURE (C) 60 80 -40 -20 0 20 40 TEMPERATURE (C) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 60 80 0.1%, 25ppm, SC70 Shunt Voltage Reference with Multiple Reverse Breakdown Voltages 5.001 5.000 4.999 4.998 4.997 MAX61438 toc05 4.5 TA = +85C 4.0 5.0 4.5 REVERSE VOLTAGE CHANGE (mV) REVERSE VOLTAGE (V) 5.002 5.0 REVERSE VOLTAGE CHANGE (mV) MAX6138 toc04 5.003 3.5 3.0 TA = +25C 2.5 2.0 1.5 TA = -40C 1.0 -20 0 20 40 60 80 0 5 10 15 MAX6138_50 REVERSE VOLTAGE vs. ISHUNT MAX6138_12 LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE TA = +85C 2.0 1.5 TA = -40C 1.0 0 5 10 15 20 MAX6138_25 LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX6138 toc08 MAX61438 toc07 4.0 TA = +25C 2.5 ISHUNT (mA) ISHUNT (mA) 4.5 3.0 20 TEMPERATURE (C) 5.0 3.5 0 0 -40 TA = +85C 4.0 0.5 0.5 3 TYPICAL PARTS 4.996 REVERSE VOLTAGE CHANGE (mV) MAX6138_25 REVERSE VOLTAGE vs. ISHUNT MAX6138_12 REVERSE VOLTAGE vs. ISHUNT MAX61438 toc06 MAX6138_50 TEMPERATURE DRIFT MAX6138 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (IR = 100A, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX6138 toc09 +25A +25A 3.5 -25A 3.0 TA = +25C 2.5 -25A 2.0 1.5 VR AC-COUPLED 10mV/div VR AC-COUPLED 10mV/div TA = -40C 1.0 0.5 0 0 5 10 ISHUNT (mA) 15 20 4s/div 10s/div ISHUNT = 100A 25A RL = 48k ISHUNT = 100A RL = 100k ISHUNT + ILOAD VB 1k + - RL VR VGEN Figure 1. Load Transient Circuit _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 MAX6138 0.1%, 25ppm, SC70 Shunt Voltage Reference with Multiple Reverse Breakdown Voltages Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (IR = 100A, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX6138_50 LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX6138_12 LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX6138 toc10 MAX6138 toc11 +25A +250A -25A -250A VR AC-COUPLED 20mV/div VR AC-COUPLED 2.0mV/div 40s/div 10s/div ISHUNT = 100A RL = 100k ISHUNT = 1mA RL = 10k MAX6138_50 LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX6138_25 LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX6138 toc13 MAX6138 toc12 +250A +250A -250A -250A VR AC-COUPLED 2mV/div VR AC-COUPLED 10mV/div 40s/div 10s/div ISHUNT = 1mA RL = 10k ISHUNT = 1mA RL = 10k RS VIN 1Hz RATE 50% DUTY CYCLE VR Figure 2. Startup Characteristics Test Circuit 8 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 0.1%, 25ppm, SC70 Shunt Voltage Reference with Multiple Reverse Breakdown Voltages MAX6138_12 LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX6138_25 LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX6138 toc14 MAX6138 toc15 +2.5mA +2.5mA -2.5mA -2.5mA VR AC-COUPLED 100mV/div VR AC-COUPLED 5mV/div 10s/div 10s/div ISHUNT = 10mA RL = 1k ISHUNT = 10mA RL = 1k MAX6138_12 STARTUP CHARACTERISTICS MAX6138_50 LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX6138 toc17 MAX6138 toc16 5V +2.5mA -2.5mA VIN 0 1.2V VR AC-COUPLED 100mV/div 0 VOUT 200ns/div 40s/div ISHUNT = 100A RS = 30k MAX6138_25 STARTUP CHARACTERISTICS MAX6138_12 OUTPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY MAX6138_50 STARTUP CHARACTERISTICS MAX6138 toc18 MAX6138 toc19 CL = 0 5V 5V VIN 1000 VIN 0 0 5V VOUT IMPEDANCE () 100 0 2V VOUT 10 IR = 150A 1 CL = 1F 0 IR = 1mA 0.1 2s/div ISHUNT = 100A RS = 30k MAX6138 toc20 ISHUNT = 10mA RL = 1k 100s/div ISHUNT = 100A RS = 16k 100 1k 10k 100k 1M FREQUENCY (Hz) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 MAX6138 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (IR = 100A, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (IR = 100A, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX6138_25 OUTPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY MAX6138_50 OUTPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY CL = 1F MAX6138 toc22 100 MAX61438 toc21 1000 CL = 0 IMPEDANCE () IMPEDANCE () 100 IR = 150A 10 CL = 0 10 IR = 150A IR = 1mA 1 1 CL = 1F IR = 1mA 0.1 0.1 1 10 100 1000 0.1 1 10 100 FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz) MAX6138_12 NOISE vs. FREQUENCY MAX6138_25 NOISE vs. FREQUENCY 10,000 MAX6138 toc23 NOISE (nV/Hz) 10,000 1000 1000 100 100 1 10 100 1k 1 10k 10 100 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz) MAX6138_50 NOISE vs. FREQUENCY NOISE (nV/Hz) MAX6138 toc25 10,000 1000 100 1 10 100 1k 10k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10 1000 MAX6138 toc24 0.1 NOISE (nVHz) MAX6138 0.1%, 25ppm, SC70 Shunt Voltage Reference with Multiple Reverse Breakdown Voltages ______________________________________________________________________________________ 10k 0.1%, 25ppm, SC70 Shunt Voltage Reference with Multiple Reverse Breakdown Voltages PIN NAME 1 + Positive Terminal of the Shunt Reference FUNCTION 2 - Negative Terminal of the Shunt Reference 3 N.C. No Connection. Leave this pin unconnected or connect to Pin 2. Detailed Description The MAX6138 shunt reference uses the bandgap principle to produce a stable, accurate voltage. The device behaves similarly to an ideal zener diode; a fixed voltage is maintained across its output terminals when biased with 60A to 15mA of reverse current. The MAX6138 behaves similarly to a silicon diode when biased with forward currents up to 10mA. Figure 3 shows a typical operating circuit. The MAX6138 is ideal for providing a stable reference from a high-voltage power supply. VS ISHUNT + ILOAD RS ILOAD VR ISHUNT MAX6138 Applications Information The MAX6138's internal pass transistor is used to maintain a constant output voltage (VSHUNT) by sinking the necessary amount of current across a source resistor. The source resistance (RS) is determined from the load current (ILOAD) range, supply voltage (VS) variations, VSHUNT, and desired quiescent current. Choose the value of RS when VS is at a minimum and ILOAD is at a maximum. Maintain a minimum ISHUNT of 60A at all times. The RS value should be large enough to keep ISHUNT less than 15mA for proper regulation when VS is maximum and ILOAD is at a minimum. To prevent damage to the device, ISHUNT should never exceed 20mA. Therefore, the value of RS is bounded by the following equation: [VS(MIN) - VR] / [60A + ILOAD(MAX)] > RS > [VS(MAX) - VR] / [20mA + ILOAD(MIN)] Figure 3. Typical Operating Circuit Output Capacitance The MAX6138 does not require an external capacitor for operational stability and is stable for any output capacitance. Temperature Performance The MAX6138 typically exhibits an output voltage temperature coefficient within 4ppm/C. The polarity of the temperature coefficient may be different from one device to another; some may have positive coefficients, and others may have negative coefficients. Chip Information TRANSISTOR COUNT: 70 PROCESS: BiCMOS Choosing a larger resistance minimizes the total power dissipation in the circuit by reducing the shunt current (PD(TOTAL) = VS X ISHUNT). Provide a safety margin to incorporate the worst-case tolerance of the resistor used. Ensure that the resistor's power rating is adequate, using the following general power equation: PDR = ISHUNT (VS(MAX) - VSHUNT) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 MAX6138 Pin Description MAX6138 0.1%, 25ppm, SC70 Shunt Voltage Reference with Multiple Reverse Breakdown Voltages Ordering Information PART OUTPUT VOLTAGE INITIAL ACCURACY (%) TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGE TOP MARK MAX6138AEXR12-T 1.2205 0.1 -40C to +85C 3 SC70-3 AEW MAX6138BEXR12-T 1.2205 0.2 -40C to +85C 3 SC70-3 AEX MAX6138CEXR12-T 1.2205 0.5 -40C to +85C 3 SC70-3 AEY MAX6138AEXR21-T 2.0480 0.1 -40C to +85C 3 SC70-3 AFA MAX6138BEXR21-T 2.0480 0.2 -40C to +85C 3 SC70-3 AFB MAX6138CEXR21-T 2.0480 0.5 -40C to +85C 3 SC70-3 AFC MAX6138AEXR25-T 2.5000 0.1 -40C to +85C 3 SC70-3 AFE MAX6138BEXR25-T 2.5000 0.2 -40C to +85C 3 SC70-3 AFF MAX6138CEXR25-T 2.5000 0.5 -40C to +85C 3 SC70-3 AFG MAX6138AEXR30-T 3.0000 0.1 -40C to +85C 3 SC70-3 AFI MAX6138BEXR30-T 3.0000 0.2 -40C to +85C 3 SC70-3 AFJ MAX6138CEXR30-T 3.0000 0.5 -40C to +85C 3 SC70-3 AFK MAX6138AEXR41-T 4.0960 0.1 -40C to +85C 3 SC70-3 AFM MAX6138BEXR41-T 4.0960 0.2 -40C to +85C 3 SC70-3 AFN MAX6138CEXR41-T 4.0960 0.5 -40C to +85C 3 SC70-3 AFO MAX6138AEXR50-T 5.0000 0.1 -40C to +85C 3 SC70-3 AFQ MAX6138BEXR50-T 5.0000 0.2 -40C to +85C 3 SC70-3 AFR MAX6138CEXR50-T 5.0000 0.5 -40C to +85C 3 SC70-3 AFS 12 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 0.1%, 25ppm, SC70 Shunt Voltage Reference with Multiple Reverse Breakdown Voltages SC70, 3L.EPS Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________ 13 (c) 2001 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products. MAX6138 Package Information