TC500/A/510/514 Precision Analog Front Ends Package Types Features * Precision (up to 17-bits) A/D Converter "Front End" * 3-Pin Control Interface to Microprocessor * Flexible: User Can Trade-off Conversion Speed for Resolution * Single Supply Operation (TC510/TC514) * 4 Input, Differential Analog MUX (TC514) * Automatic Input Voltage Polarity Detection * Low Power Dissipation: - (TC500/TC500A): 10m - (TC510/TC514): 18m * Wide Analog Input Range: 4.2V (TC500A/TC510) * Directly Accepts Bipolar and Differential Input Signals Applications * Precision Analog Signal Processor * Precision Sensor Interface * High Accuracy DC Measurements Device Selection Table Part Number Package Temperature Range TC500ACOE 16-Pin SOIC (Wide) 0C to +70C TC500ACPE 16-Pin PDIP (Narrow) 0C to +70C TC500COE 16-Pin SOIC (Wide) 0C to +70C 16-Pin SOIC 16 Pin-PDIP CINT 1 VSS 2 CAZ 3 BUF 4 ACOM 5 CREF- 6 CREF+ 7 VREF 8 16 VDD 15 DGND TC500/ 14 CMPTR OUT TC500A 13 B COE TC500/ 12 A TC500A 11 VIN+ CPE 10 VIN- 9 VREF+ 24-Pin SOIC 24-Pin PDIP VOUT- 1 24 CAP- CINT 2 23 DGND CAZ 3 22 CAP+ BUF 4 ACOM 5 21 VDD 20 OSC CREF- 6 CREF+ 7 TC510COG 19 CMPTR OUT TC510CPF 18 A VREF+ 8 17 B VREF- 9 16 VIN+ N/C 10 15 VIN- N/C 11 14 N/C N/C 12 13 N/C TC500CPE 16-Pin PDIP (Narrow) 0C to +70C TC510COG 24-Pin SOIC (Wide) 0C to +70C TC510CPF 24-Pin PDIP (Narrow) 0C to +70C VOUT- 1 28 CAP- TC514COI 28-Pin SOIC (Wide) 0C to +70C CINT 2 27 DGND TC514CPJ 28-Pin PDIP (Narrow) 0C to +70C CAZ 3 26 CAP+ BUF 4 25 VDD ACOM 5 24 OSC CREF- 6 23 CMPTR OUT CREF+ 7 VREF- 8 VREF+ 9 20 A0 CH4- 10 19 A1 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. 28-Pin SOIC 28-Pin PDIP TC514COI TC514CPJ 22 A 21 B CH3- 11 18 CH1+ CH2- 12 CH1- 13 17 CH2+ 16 CH3+ N/C 14 15 CH4+ DS21428B-page 1 TC500/A/510/514 offset voltages in the TC5XX are corrected by a closed loop feedback mechanism. The input voltage is applied to the integrator during the Integrate phase. This causes an integrator output dv/dt directly proportional to the magnitude of the input voltage. The higher the input voltage, the greater the magnitude of the voltage stored on the integrator during this phase. At the start of the De-integrate phase, an external voltage reference is applied to the integrator and, at the same time, the external host processor starts its on-board timer. The processor maintains this state until a transition occurs on the CMPTR output, at which time the processor halts its timer. The resulting timer count is the converted analog data. Integrator Zero (the final phase of conversion) removes any residue remaining in the integrator in preparation for the next conversion. General Description TheTC500/A/510/514 family are precision analog front ends that implement dual slope A/D converters having a maximum resolution of 17-bits plus sign. As a minimum, each device contains the integrator, zero crossing comparator and processor interface logic. The TC500 is the base (16-bit max) device and requires both positive and negative power supplies. The TC500A is identical to the TC500 with the exception that it has improved linearity, allowing it to operate to a maximum resolution of 17-bits. The TC510 adds an onboard negative power supply converter for single supply operation. The TC514 adds both a negative power supply converter and a 4 input differential analog multiplexer. Each device has the same processor control interface consisting of 3 wires: control inputs (A and B) and zerocrossing comparator output (CMPTR). The processor manipulates A, B to sequence the TC5XX through four phases of conversion: Auto Zero, Integrate, De-integrate and Integrator Zero. During the Auto Zero phase, The TC500/A/510/514 offer high resolution (up to 17bits), superior 50Hz/60Hz noise rejection, low power operation, minimum I/O connections, low input bias currents and lower cost compared to other converter technologies having similar conversion speeds. Typical Application Control Logic RINT CINT CREF A0 VREF+ A1 VREF- CREF+ CH1+ CH2+ CH3+ CH4+ CH1CH2CH3CH4- CAZ CREFBuffer SWR SWR DIF. MUX (TC514) BUF CINT CAZ CMPTR 1 CMPTR 2 + - - + - + SWRI- SWRI- SWZ + VSS OSC TC500 TC500A TC510 TC514 Level Shift CMPTR Output Polarity Detection SW1 DC-TO-DC Converter (TC510 & TC514) Analog Switch Control Signals VOUT- VSS COUT- Phase Decoding Logic DGND CAP- CAP+ 1.0F DS21428B-page 2 Converter Sate Zero Integrator Output Auto-Zero Signal Integrate Deintegrate SWIZ SWZ SWRI+ SWRI- ACOM SWI B 0 1 0 1 Integrator - SWI A 0 0 1 1 1.0F (TC500 TC500A) A B Control Logic 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC500/A/510/514 1.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Absolute Maximum Ratings* TC510/TC514 Positive Supply Voltage (VDD to GND) ......................................... +10.5V TC500/TC500A Supply Voltage (VDD to V SS) .............................................. +18V *Stresses above those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operation sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to Absolute Maximum Rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. TC500/TC500A Positive Supply Voltage (VDD to GND) ............................................ +12V TC500/TC500A Negative Supply Voltage (VSS to GND)................................................-8V Analog Input Voltage (VIN+ or VIN-) ............VDD to VSS Logic Input Voltage...............VDD +0.3V to GND - 0.3V Voltage on OSC: ........................... -0.3V to (VDD +0.3V) for V DD < 5.5V Ambient Operating Temperature Range: ................................................................ 0C to +70C Storage Temperature Range: ............. -65C to +150C TC500/A/510/514 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS Electrical Characteristics: TC510/TC514: VDD = +5V, TC500/TC500A: VSS = 5V unless otherwise specified. CAZ = CREF = 0.47F. Symbol TA = +25C Parameter TA = 0C to 70C Unit Test Conditions Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Resolution 60 -- -- -- -- -- V ZSE Zero Scale Error with Auto Zero Phase -- -- -- -- 0.005 0.003 -- -- 0.005 0.003 0.012 0.009 % F.S. TC500/510/514 TC500A ENL End Point Linearity -- -- 0.005 -- 0.015 0.010 -- -- 0.015 0.010 0.060 0.045 % F.S. % F.S. TC500/510/514, Note 1, Note 2, TC500A NL Best Case Straight Line Linearity -- 0.003 0.008 -- -- -- % F.S. TC500/510/514, Note 1, Note 2 -- -- 0.005 -- -- -- % F.S. TC500A Analog Note 1 ZS TC Zero-Scale Temp. Coefficient -- -- -- -- 1 2 V/C Over Operating Temperature Range SYE Full-Scale Symmetry Error (Roll-Over Error) -- 0.01 -- -- 0.03 -- % F.S. Note 3 FS TC Full-Scale Temperature Coefficient -- -- -- -- 10 -- ppm/C Over Operating Temperature Range; External Reference TC = 0 ppm/C IIN Input Current -- 6 -- -- -- -- pA VIN = 0V Note 1: Integrate time 66msec, auto zero time 66msec, VINT (peak) 4V. 2: End point linearity at 1/4, 1 /2, 3/4 F.S. after full-scale adjustment. 3: Roll-over error is related to C INT, CREF, C AZ characteristics. 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21428B-page 3 TC500/A/510/514 TC500/A/510/514 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS (CONTINUED) Electrical Characteristics: TC510/TC514: VDD = +5V, TC500/TC500A: VSS = 5V unless otherwise specified. CAZ = CREF = 0.47F. Symbol TA = +25C Parameter Min Typ Common Mode Voltage Range VSS +1.5 -- Integrator Output Swing VSS +0.9 Analog Input SignalRange TA = 0C to 70C Max Min Unit Test Conditions Typ Max VDD - 1.5 VSS + 1.5 -- VDD - 1.5 V -- VDD - 0.9 VSS +0.9 -- VSS +0.9 V VSS +1.5 -- VDD - 1.5 VSS +1.5 -- VSS +1.5 V ACOM = GND = 0V VSS +1 -- VDD - 1 VSS +1 -- VDD - 1 V VREF - VREF+ Analog (Continued) VCMR VREF Voltage Reference Range Digital VOH Comparator Logic 1, Output High 4 -- -- 4 -- -- V ISOURCE = 400A VOL Comparator Logic 0, Output Low -- -- 0.4 -- -- 0.4 V ISINK = 2.1mA VIH Logic 1, Input High Voltage 3.5 -- -- 3.5 -- -- V VIL Logic 0, Input Low Voltage -- -- 1 -- -- 1 V IL Logic Input Current -- -- -- -- 0.3 tD Comparator Delay -- 2 -- -- 3 -- sec -2.5 -- 2.5 -2.5 -- 2.5 V VDD = 5V -- 6 10 -- -- -- k VDD = 5V A Logic 1 or 0 Multiplexer (TC514 Only) Maximum Input Voltage RDSON Drain/Source ON Resistance Power (TC510/TC514 Only) IS Supply Current -- 1.8 2.4 -- -- 3.5 mA VDD = 5V, A = 1, B = 1 PD Power Dissipation -- 18 -- -- -- -- mW VDD = 5V VDD Positive Supply Operating Voltage Range 4.5 -- 5.5 4.5 -- 5.5 V ROUT Operating Source Resistance -- 60 85 -- -- 100 Oscillator Frequency -- 100 -- -- -- -- kHz (Note 3) Maximum Current Out -- -- -10 -- -- -10 mA VDD = 5V -- 1 1.5 -- -- 2.5 mA VS = 5V, A = B = 1 VDD = 5V, VSS = -5V IOUT IOUT = 10mA Power (TC500/TC500A Only) IS Supply Current PD Power Dissipation -- 10 -- -- -- -- mW VDD Positive Supply Operating Range 4.5 -- 7.5 4.5 -- 7.5 V VSS Negative Supply Operating Range -4.5 -- -7.5 - 4.5 -- -7.5 V Note 1: Integrate time 66msec, auto zero time 66msec, VINT (peak) 4V. 2: End point linearity at 1/4, 1 /2, 3/4 F.S. after full-scale adjustment. 3: Roll-over error is related to C INT, CREF, C AZ characteristics. DS21428B-page 4 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC500/A/510/514 2.0 PIN DESCRIPTIONS The descriptions of the pins are listed in Table 2-1. TABLE 2-1: Pin Number (TC500, TC500A) 1 2 PIN FUNCTION TABLE Pin Number (TC510) Pin Number (TC514) Symbol 2 2 CINT Integrator output. Integrator capacitor connection. VSS Negative power supply input (TC500/TC500A only). Not Used Not Used Description 3 3 3 CAZ Auto Zero input. The Auto Zero capacitor connection. 4 4 4 BUF Buffer output. The Integrator capacitor connection. 5 5 5 ACOM 6 6 6 CREF- Input. Negative reference capacitor connection. 7 7 7 CREF+ Input. Positive reference capacitor connection. 8 8 8 VREF- Input. External voltage reference (-) connection. This pin is grounded in most applications. It is recommended that ACOM and the input common pin (Ven- or CHn-) be within the analog common mode range (CMR). 9 9 9 VREF+ 10 15 Not Used VIN- Negative analog input. Input. External voltage reference (+) connection. Positive analog input. 11 16 Not Used VIN + 12 18 22 A Input. Converter phase control MSB. (See input B.) 13 17 21 B Input. Converter phase control LSB. The states of A, B place the TC5XX in one of four required phases. A conversion is complete when all four phases have been executed: Phase control input pins: AB = 00: Integrator Zero 01: Auto Zero 10: Integrate 11: De-integrate 14 19 23 CMPTR Zero crossing comparator output. CMPTR is HIGH during the Integration phase OUT when a positive input voltage is being integrated and is LOW when a negative input voltage is being integrated. A HIGH-to-LOW transition on CMPTR signals the processor that the De-integrate phase is completed. CMPTR is undefined during the Auto Zero phase. It should be monitored to time the Integrator Zero phase. 15 23 27 DGND 16 21 25 VDD 22 26 CAP+ 24 28 CAP- Input. Negative power supply converter capacitor (-) connection. 1 1 VOUT- Output. Negative power supply converter output and reservoir capacitor connection. This output can be used to power other devices in the circuit requiring a negative bias voltage. 20 24 OSC Oscillator control input. The negative power supply converter normally runs at a frequency of 100kHz. The converter oscillator frequency can be slowed down (to reduce quiescent current) by connecting an external capacitor between this pin and VDD (see Section 9.0, Typical Characteristics Curves). 18 CH1+ Positive analog input pin. MUX channel 1. 13 CH1- Negative analog input pin. MUX channel 1. 17 CH2+ Positive analog input pin. MUX channel 2. 12 CH2- Negative analog input pin. MUX channel 2. 16 CH3+ Positive analog input pin. MUX channel 3. 11 CH3- Negative analog input pin. MUX channel 3. 15 CH4+ Positive analog input pin. MUX channel 4. 10 CH4- Negative analog input pin. MUX channel 4 20 A0 Multiplexer input channel select input LSB (see A1). 19 A1 Multiplexer input channel select input MSB. Phase control input pins: A1, A0 = 00 = Channel 1 01 = Channel 2 10 = Channel 3 11 = Channel 4 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. Input. Digital ground. Input. Power supply positive connection. Input. Negative power supply converter capacitor (+) connection. DS21428B-page 5 TC500/A/510/514 DETAILED DESCRIPTION 3.1 Dual Slope Conversion Principles Actual data conversion is accomplished in two phases: input signal Integration and reference voltage De-integration. The integrator output is initialized to 0V prior to the start of Integration. During Integration, analog switch S1 connects VIN to the integrator input where it is maintained for a fixed time period (TINT). The application of VIN causes the integrator output to depart 0V at a rate determined by the magnitude of VIN and a direction determined by the polarity of VIN. The De-integration phase is initiated immediately at the expiration of TINT. During De-integration, S1 connects a reference voltage (having a polarity opposite that of VIN) to the integrator input. At the same time, an external precision timer is started. The De-integration phase is maintained until the comparator output changes state, indicating the integrator has returned to its starting point of 0V. When this occurs, the precision timer is stopped. The De-integration time period (TDEINT), as measured by the precision timer, is directly proportional to the magnitude of the applied input voltage (see Figure 3-3). A simple mathematical equation relates the Input Signal, Reference Voltage and Integration time: the integration period are, theoretically, completely removed, since the average value of a sine wave of frequency (1/T) averaged over a period (T) is zero. Integrating converters often establish the integration period to reject 50/60Hz line frequency interference signals. The ability to reject such signals is shown by a normal mode rejection plot (Figure 3-1). Normal mode rejection is limited in practice to 50 to 65dB, since the line frequency can deviate by a few tenths of a percent (Figure 3-2). FIGURE 3-1: Normal Mode Rejection (dB) 3.0 INTEGRATING CONVERTER NORMAL MODE REJECTION 30 T = Measurment Period 20 10 0 0.1/T 1/T Input Frequency 10/T EQUATION 3-1: TINT V T 1 VIN(T)DT = REF DEINT RINTCINT 0 RINTCINT FIGURE 3-2: LINE FREQUENCY DEVIATION Where: VREF = Reference Voltage TINT = Signal Integration time (fixed) tDEINT = Reference Voltage Integration time (variable) For a constant VIN: EQUATION 3-2: TDEINT VIN = V REF TINT The dual slope converter accuracy is unrelated to the integrating resistor and capacitor values as long as they are stable during a measurement cycle. Normal Mode Rejeciton (dB) 80 70 t = 0.1 sec 60 50 40 30 DEV SIN 60 p t (1 100 ) 60 p t (1 DEV) 100 DEV = Deviation from 60Hz t = Integration Period Normal Mode = 20 LOG REJECTION 20 0.01 0.1 1.0 Line Frequency Deviation from 60 Hz (%) An inherent benefit is noise immunity. Input noise spikes are integrated (averaged to zero) during the integration periods. Integrating ADCs are immune to the large conversion errors that plague successive approximation converters in high noise environments. Integrating converters provide inherent noise rejection with at least a 20dB/decade attenuation rate. Interference signals with frequencies at integral multiples of DS21428B-page 6 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC500/A/510/514 FIGURE 3-3: BASIC DUAL SLOPE CONVERTER CINT RINT Analog Input (VIN) TC510 Integrator - VINT - Comparator + CMPTR Out + S1 REF VOLTAGE Switch Driver Phase Control Control Logic Polarity Control Integrator Output A VIN VREF VIN 1/2 VREF TINT VSUPPLY VINT B I/O Microcomputer ROM Timer RAM Counter TDEINT 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21428B-page 7 TC500/A/510/514 4.0 TC500/A/510/514 CONVERTER OPERATION The internal analog switch status for each of these phases is summarized in Table 4-1. This table references the Typical Application. The TC500/A/510/514 incorporates an Auto Zero and Integrator phase in addition to the input signal Integrate and reference De-integrate phases. The addition of these phases reduce system errors, calibration steps and shorten overrange recovery time. A typical measurement cycle uses all four phases in the following order: 1. 2. 3. 4. Auto Zero Input signal integration Reference deintegration Integrator output zero TABLE 4-1: INTERNAL ANALOG GATE STATUS Conversion Phase SWI SWR+ SWR- Auto Zero (A = 0, B = 1) Input Signal Integration (A = 1, B = 0) SWIZ Closed Closed Closed Closed *Assumes a positive polarity input signal. SW-RI would be closed for a negative input signal. Auto Zero Phase (AZ) During this phase, errors due to buffer, integrator and comparator offset voltages are nulled out by charging CAZ (auto zero capacitor) with a compensating error voltage. The external input signal is disconnected from the internal circuitry by opening the two SWI switches. The internal input points connect to analog common. The reference capacitor is charged to the reference voltage potential through SWR. A feedback loop, closed around the integrator and comparator, charges the C AZ capacitor with a voltage to compensate for buffer amplifier, integrator and comparator offset voltages. 4.2 SW1 Closed Closed* Integrator Output Zero (A = 0, B = 0) 4.1 SWR Closed Closed Reference Voltage De-integration (A =1, B = 1) Note: SWZ Closed Analog Input Signal Integration Phase (INT) The TC5XX integrates the differential voltage between the (V IN+) and (VIN-) inputs. The differential voltage must be within the device's Common mode range VCMR. The input signal polarity is normally checked via software at the end of this phase: CMPTR = 1 for positive polarity; CMPTR = 0 for negative polarity. DS21428B-page 8 4.3 Reference Voltage De-integration Phase (DINT) The previously charged reference capacitor is connected with the proper polarity to ramp the integrator output back to zero. An externally-provided, precision timer is used to measure the duration of this phase. The resulting time measurement is proportional to the magnitude of the applied input voltage. 4.4 Integrator Output Zero Phase (IZ) This phase ensures the integrator output is at 0V when the Auto Zero phase is entered and that only system offset voltages are compensated. This phase is used at the end of the reference voltage de-integration phase and MUST be used for ALL TC5XX applications having resolutions of 12-bits or more. If this phase is not used, the value of the Auto Zero capacitor (CAZ) must be about 2 to 3 times the value of the Integration capacitor (CINT) to reduce the effects of charge sharing. The Integrator Output Zero phase should be programmed to operate until the output of the comparator returns "HIGH". The overall timing system is shown in Figure 4-1. 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC500/A/510/514 FIGURE 4-1: TYPICAL DUAL SLOPE A/D CONVERTER SYSTEM TIMING TTIME Converter Status Auto-Zero Integrate Full Scale Input Reference De-integrate Overshoot Integrator Output Zero Integrator 0 Voltage VINT Comparator Delay Comparator Output A Undefined 0 For Negative Input 1 For Postive Input A=1 A=0 A=1 B=1 B=0 B=1 B=0 Time Input Integration Phase Capture De-integration Time Integrator Output Zero Phase Complete A=0 AB Inputs B Controller Operation Begin Conversion with Auto-Zero Phase Ready for Next Conversion (Auto-Zero is Idle State) Sample Input Polarity Typically = TINT TINT (Positive Input Shown) Comparator Delay + Processor Latency Minimizing Overshoot will Minimize I.O.Z. Time Notes: The length of this phase is chosen almost arbitrarily but needs to be long enough to null out worst case errors (see text). 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21428B-page 9 TC500/A/510/514 5.0 ANALOG SECTION 5.1 Differential Inputs (VIN+, VIN-) The difference in reference for (+) or (-) input voltages will cause a rollover error. This error can be minimized by using a large reference capacitor in comparison to the stray capacitance. The TC5XX operates with differential voltages within the input amplifier Common mode range. The amplifier Common mode range extends from 1.5V below positive supply to 1.5V above negative supply. Within this Common mode voltage range, Common mode rejection is typically 80dB. Full accuracy is maintained, however, when the inputs are no less than 1.5V from either supply. 5.4 Phase Control Inputs (A, B) The A, B unlatched logic inputs select the TC5XX operating phase. The A, B inputs are normally driven by a microprocessor I/O port or external logic. 5.5 Comparator Output The integrator output also follows the Common mode voltage. The integrator output must not be allowed to saturate. A worst case condition exists, for example, when a large, positive Common mode voltage, with a near full scale negative differential input voltage, is applied. The negative input signal drives the integrator positive when most of its swing has been used up by the positive Common mode voltage. For these critical applications, the integrator swing can be reduced. The integrator output can swing within 0.9V of either supply without loss of linearity. By monitoring the comparator output during the fixed signal integrate time, the input signal polarity can be determined by the microprocessor controlling the conversion. The comparator output is HIGH for positive signals and LOW for negative signals during the signal integrate phase (see Figure 5-1). 5.2 The internal comparator delay is 2sec, typically. Figure 5-1 shows the comparator output for large positive and negative signal inputs. For signal inputs at or near zero volts, however, the integrator swing is very small. If Common mode noise is present, the comparator can switch several times during the beginning of the signal integrate period. To ensure that the polarity reading is correct, the comparator output should be read and stored at the end of the signal integrate phase. Analog Common Analog common is used as VIN return during system zero and reference de-integrate. If VIN- is different from analog common, a Common mode voltage exists in the system. This signal is rejected by the excellent CMR of the converter. In most applications, VIN- will be set at a fixed known voltage (i.e., power supply common). A Common mode voltage will exist when VIN- is not connected to analog common. 5.3 Differential Reference (VREF+, VREF-) The reference voltage can be anywhere within 1V of the power supply voltage of the converter. Rollover error is caused by the reference capacitor losing or gaining charge due to stray capacitance on its nodes. FIGURE 5-1: During the reference de-integrate phase, the comparator output will make a HIGH-to-LOW transition as the integrator output ramp crosses zero. The transition is used to signal the processor that the conversion is complete. The comparator output is undefined during the Auto Zero phase and is used to time the Integrator Output Zero phase. (See Section 7.6, Integrator Output Zero Phase). COMPARATOR OUTPUT Signal Integrate Reference Deintegrate Signal Integrate Reference De-integrate Integrator Output Zero Crossing Integrator Output Zero Crossing Comparator Output Comparator Output A. Positive Input Signal DS21428B-page 10 B. Negative Input Signal 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC500/A/510/514 6.0 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS TABLE 6-1: 6.1 Component Value Selection Conversions Per Second The procedure outlined below allows the user to arrive at values for the following TC5XX design variables: 1. 2. 3. 4. Integration Phase Timing Integrator Timing Components (RINT, CINT) Auto Zero and Reference Capacitors Voltage Reference 6.2 6.3 DINT and IZ Phase Timing The duration of the DINT phase is a function of the amount of voltage stored on the integrator during TINT and the value of VREF. The DINT phase must be initiated immediately following INT and terminated when an integrator output zero-crossing is detected. In general, the maximum number of counts chosen for DINT is twice that of INT (with VREF chosen at VIN(MAX) /2). 6.4 The value of RINT is therefore directly calculated in the following equation: EQUATION 6-1: RINT(in M) = 0.1 0.22 SMR5 224K50J02L4 2 or less 0.47 SMR5 474K50J04L4 Note: 6.6 Calculate Integrating Capacitor (CINT) The integrating capacitor must be selected to maximize integrator output voltage swing. The integrator output voltage swing is defined as the absolute value of VDD (or VSS) less 0.9V (i.e., IVDD - 0.9VI or IVSS + 0.9VI). Using the 20A buffer maximum output current, the value of the integrating capacitor is calculated using the following equation. EQUATION 6-2: (TINT) (20 x 10 -6) CINT = VS = IVDDI or IVSSI, whichever is less (TC500/A VS = IVDDI (TC510, TC514) It is critical that the integrating capacitor has a very low dielectric absorption. Polypropylene capacitors are an example of one such dielectic. Polyester and Polybicarbonate capacitors may also be used in less critical applications. Table 6-2 summarizes recommended capacitors for CINT. 20 RECOMMENDED CAPACITOR FOR CINT Value VIN(MAX) = Maximum input voltage (full count voltage) RINT = Integrating Resistor (in M) CREF and C AZ must be low leakage capacitors (such as polypropylene). The slower the conversion rate, the larger the value C REF must be. Recommended capacitors for CREF and CAZ are shown in Table 6-1. Larger values for CAZ and C REF may also be used to limit rollover errors. 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. F TINT = Integration Period TABLE 6-2: Select Reference (CREF) and Auto Zero (C AZ) Capacitors (VS - 0.9) Where: Where: 6.5 SMR5 104K50J01L4 Manufactured by Evox-Rifa, Inc. VIN(MAX) For loop stability, RINT should be 50k. Suggested* Part Number >7 Calculate Integrating Resistor (RINT) The desired full scale input voltage and amplifier output current capability determine the value of RINT. The buffer and integrator amplifiers each have a full-scale current of 20A. Typical Value of CREF, CAZ (F) 2 to 7 Select Integration Time Integration time must be picked as a multiple of the period of the line frequency. For example, TINT times of 33msec, 66msec and 132msec maximize 60Hz line rejection. CREF AND C AZ SELECTION Note: 6.7 Suggested Part Number* 0.1 SMR5 104K50J01L4 0.22 SMR5 224K50J02L4 0.33 SMR5 334K50J03L4 0.47 SMR5 474K50J04L4 Manufactured by Evox-Rifa, Inc. Calculate VREF The reference deintegration voltage is calculated using the following equation: EQUATION 6-3: VREF = (VS - 0.9) (CINT) (RINT) 2(RINT) V DS21428B-page 11 TC500/A/510/514 7.0 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 7.4 7.1 Noise The length of this phase is constant from one conversion to the next and depends on system parameters and component value selections. The calculation of TINT is shown elsewhere in this data sheet. At some point near the end of this phase, the microcontroller should sample CMPTR to determine the input signal polarity. This value is, in effect, the Sign Bit for the overall conversion result. Optimally, CMPTR should be sampled just before this phase is terminated by changing AB from 10 to 11. The consideration here is that, during the initial stage of input integration when the integrator voltage is low, the comparator may be affected by noise and its output unreliable. Once integration is well underway, the comparator will be in a defined state. The threshold noise (NTH) is the algebraic sum of the integrator noise and the comparator noise. This value is typically 30V. Figure 7-1 shows how the value of the reference voltage can affect the final count. Such errors can be reduced by increased integration times, in the same way that 50/60Hz noise is rejected. The signalto-noise ratio is related to the integration time (TINT) and the integration time constant (RINT) (CINT) as follows: EQUATION 7-1: S/N (dB) = 20 Log 7.2 V ( 30 xIN10- 6 * tINT (RINT) * (CINT) ) System Timing To obtain maximum performance from the TC5XX, the overshoot at the end of the De-integration phase must be minimized. Also, the Integrator Output Zero phase must be terminated as soon as the comparator output returns high. (See Figure 4-1). Figure 4-1 shows the overall timing for a typical system in which a TC5XX is interfaced to a microcontroller. The microcontroller drives the A, B inputs with I/O lines and monitors the comparator output, CMPTR, using an I/O line or dedicated timer capture control pin. It may be necessary to monitor the state of the CMPTR output in addition to having it control a timer directly for the Reference De-integration phase. (This is further explained below.) 7.5 Input Signal Integrate Phase Reference De-integration The length of this phase must be precisely measured from the transition of AB from 10 to 11 to the falling edge of CMPTR. The comparator delay contributes some error in timing this phase. The typical delay is specified to be 2sec. This should be considered in the context of the length of a single count when determining overall system performance and possible single count errors. Additionally, Overshoot will result in charge accumulating on the integrator after its output crosses zero. This charge must be nulled during the Integrator Output Zero phase. The timing diagram in Figure 4-1 is not to scale, as the timing in a real system depends on many system parameters and component value selections. There are four critical timing events (as shown in Figure 4-1): sampling the input polarity; capturing the de-integration time; minimizing overshoot and properly executing the Integrator Output Zero phase. 7.3 Auto Zero Phase The length of this phase is usually set to be equal to the Input Signal Integration time. This decision is virtually arbitrary since the magnitudes of the various system errors are not known. Setting the Auto Zero time equal to the Input Integrate time should be more than adequate to null out system errors. The system may remain in this phase indefinitely (i.e., Auto Zero is the appropriate Idle state for a TC5XX device). DS21428B-page 12 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC500/A/510/514 FIGURE 7-1: NOISE THRESHOLD S S S 30 V NTH NTH Slope (S) = VREF N = Noise Threshold RINT CINT TH Integrator Output Zero Phase The comparator delay and the controller's response latency may result in overshoot, causing charge buildup on the integrator at the end of a conversion. This charge must be removed or performance will degrade. The Integrator Output Zero phase should be activated (AB = 00) until CMPTR goes high. It is absolutely critical that this phase be terminated immediately so that Overshoot is not allowed to occur in the opposite direction. At this point, it can be assured that the integrator is near zero. Auto Zero should be entered (AB = 01) and the TC5XX held in this state until the next cycle is begun (see Figure 7-2). FIGURE 7-2: OVERSHOOT Integrator Output Zero Crossing 7.7 7.7.1 Overshoot Comparator Output Comp Using the TC510/TC514 NEGATIVE SUPPLY VOLTAGE CONVERTER (TC510, TC514) A capacitive charge pump is employed to invert the voltage on VDD for negative bias within the TC510/TC514. This voltage is also available on the VOUT- pin to provide negative bias elsewhere in the system. Two external capacitors are required to perform the conversion. Timing is generated by an internal state machine driven from an on-board oscillator. During the first phase, capacitor CF is switched across the power supply and charged to VS+. This charge is transferred to capacitor COUT- during the second phase. The oscillator normally runs at 100kHz to ensure minimum output ripple. This frequency can be reduced by placing a capacitor from OSC to VDD. The relationship between the capacitor value is shown in Section 9.0. 7.7.2 Integrate Phase High VREF Normal VREF LowREF 7.6 NTH ANALOG INPUT MULTIPLEXER (TC514) The TC514 is equipped with a four input differential analog multiplexer. Input channels are selected using select inputs (A1, A0). These are high-true control signals (i.e., channel 0 is selected when (A1, A0 = 00). De-integrate Phase Integrator Zero Phase 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21428B-page 13 TC500/A/510/514 8.0 DESIGN EXAMPLE (SEE FIGURES 8-1 TO 8-4) Given: Required Resolution: (16 Bits (65,536 counts). Maximum V IN: 2V Power Supply Voltage: +5V 60Hz System Step 1: Pick integration time (tINT) as a multiple of the line frequency: 1/60Hz = 16.6msec. Use 4x line frequency = 66msec Step 2: Calculate RINT RINT = VIN(MAX) /20A 2 /20A = 100k Step 3: Calculate CINT for maximum (4V) integrator output swing: C INT = (tINT) (20 x 10 -6) / (V S - 0.9) = (.066) (20 x 10 -6) / (4.1) = .32F (use closest value: 0.33F) Note: Microchip recommended capacitor: Evox-Rifa p/n: 5MR5 334K50J03L4. Step 4: Choose CREF and C AZ based on conversion rate: Conversions/sec: = 1/(TAZ + TINT + 2 TINT + 2msec) = 1/(66msec +66msec +132msec +2msec) = 3.7 conversions/sec From which CAZ = CREF = 0.22F (see Table 6-1) Note: Microchip recommended capacitor: Evox-Rifa p/n: 5MR5 224K50J02L4 Step 5: Calculate V REF EQUATION 8-1: VREF = (V S - 0.9) (C INT) (RINT) 2(TINT) = (4.1) (0.33 x 1 -6) (105) / 2(.066) = 1.025V DS21428B-page 14 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC500/A/510/514 FIGURE 8-1: TC510 DESIGN SAMPLE 1 1F CINT 0.33F 2 CAZ 0.22F 3 4 +5V RINT 100k CREF R2 0.22F 10k 1F 7 R3, 10k C1 0.01F FIGURE 8-2: DGND CINT TC510 CAZ 24 23 1F Pin 2 CAP+ 22 VDD 21 BUF Typical Waveforms +5V VIN+ +5V Pin 19 5 ACOM 6 MCP1525 CAP- VOUT- Microcontroller CREF- CMPTR CREF+ A 19 Pin 2 18 VIN17 9 V REF- B 8 VREF+ VIN+ 16 INPUT+ VIN- 15 INPUT- Pin 19 TC514 DESIGN EXAMPLE 1 CINT 1F 0.33F CAZ 0.22F 2 3 4 +5V RINT 100k VOUT- CAPDGND CINT CAP+ CAZ BUF 5 ACOM TC514 VDD A0 A1 MCP1525 10k 1F CREF 0.22F 10k C1, .01F 6 C REF- CMPTR 28 27 25 19 B 21 CH1+ CH1- Analog Mux Logic Microcontroller 23 9 VREF- +5V 22 A 22 8 +5V 26 7 C REF+ VREF+ 1F 18 13 INPUT 1+ INPUT 1- Typical Waveforms CH2+ 17 CH2- 12 CH3+ 16 CH3- 11 CH4+ 15 CH4- 10 INPUT 2+ PIN 2 INPUT 2- VIN+ INPUT 3+ INPUT 3- PIN 23 INPUT4+ INPUT4- PIN 2 VIN PIN 23 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21428B-page 15 TC500/A/510/514 TC510 TO IBM(R) COMPATIBLE PRINTER PORT FIGURE 8-3: +5V 21 VDD 1 VOUT- 1F CAP- 24 1F CAP+ 22 7 CREF+ 0.22F CREF- 6 VREF+ 9 MCP1525 0.01F VREF- PORT 0378 HEX BUF 2 18 3 17 10 19 1F 10k TC510 PC Printer Port 10k 8 4 A CAZ 3 B CINT 2 CMPTR VIN+ 16 VIN- 15 100k 0.22F 0.33F 100k + 0.01F Input - DGND ACOM 5 23 DS21428B-page 16 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC500/A/510/514 FIGURE 8-4: TC514 TO IBM COMPATIBLE PRINTER PORT +5V 25 + 18 CH1+ VDD Input 1 - 13 CH1- + 17 Input 2 - + Input 3 - 12 16 11 15 + Input 4 - 1 CAP- 1F CH2+ CREF+ CH2- IBM Printer Port Port 0378 Hex 19 2 22 3 21 10 23 7 MCP1525 0.22F CH3+ CREF- 6 10k CH3- VREF+ 9 CH4+ 10k TC514 0.01F VREF- Analog Mux Control Logic 10k 26 CAP+ 10 CH4- 20 1F 28 - VOUT 8 A0 A1 BUF A CAZ B CINT 4 100k 3 2 0.22F 0.33F CMPTR ACOM 5 DGND 27 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21428B-page 17 TC500/A/510/514 9.0 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS The graphs and tables following this note are a statistical summary based on a limited number of samples and are provided for informational purposes only. The performance characteristics listed herein are not tested or guaranteed. In some graphs or tables, the data presented may be outside the specified operating range (e.g., outside specified power supply range), and therefore outside the warranted range. Output Voltage vs. Output Current Output Voltage vs Load Current -0 TA = 25C V+ = 5V 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 TA = 25C -1 Output Voltage (V) Output Voltage (V) 5 4 Slope 60 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 0 10 20 30 40 60 50 Load Current (mA) 70 0 80 Output Source Resistance (W) Output Ripple (mV PK-PK) V+ = 5V, TA = 25C Osc. Freq. = 100kHz 150 CAP = 1F 125 100 75 CAP = 10F 50 25 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Load Current (mA) 8 9 10 6 8 10 12 14 16 Output Current (mA) 90 V+ = 5V IOUT = 10mA 80 70 60 50 40 -50 0 25 50 Temperature (C) -25 10 1 DS21428B-page 18 1000 Oscillator Frequency (kHz) TA = +25C V+ = 5V 10 100 Oscillator Capacitance (pF) 75 100 Oscillator Frequency vs. Temperature 150 1 18 20 100 Oscillator Frequency vs. Capacitance 100 Oscillator Frequency (kHz) 4 Output Source Resistance vs. Temperature Output Ripple vs. Load Current 200 175 2 V+ = 5V 125 100 75 50 -50 -25 0 25 75 50 Temperature (C) 100 125 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC500/A/510/514 10.0 PACKAGING INFORMATION 10.1 Package Marking Information Package marking data not available at this time. 10.2 Taping Forms Component Taping Orientation for 16-Pin SOIC (Wide) Devices User Direction of Feed PIN 1 W P Standard Reel Component Orientation for TR Suffix Device Carrier Tape, Number of Components Per Reel and Reel Size Package 16-Pin SOIC (W) Carrier Width (W) Pitch (P) Part Per Full Reel Reel Size 16 mm 12 mm 1000 13 in Component Taping Orientation for 24-Pin SOIC (Wide) Devices User Direction of Feed PIN 1 W P Standard Reel Component Orientation for TR Suffix Device Carrier Tape, Number of Components Per Reel and Reel Size Package 24-Pin SOIC (W) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. Carrier Width (W) Pitch (P) Part Per Full Reel Reel Size 24 mm 12 mm 1000 13 in DS21428B-page 19 TC500/A/510/514 10.2 Taping Forms (Continued) Component Taping Orientation for 28-Pin SOIC (Wide) Devices User Direction of Feed PIN 1 W P Standard Reel Component Orientation for TR Suffix Device Carrier Tape, Number of Components Per Reel and Reel Size Package 28-Pin SOIC (W) DS21428B-page 20 Carrier Width (W) Pitch (P) Part Per Full Reel Reel Size 24 mm 12 mm 1000 13 in 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC500/A/510/514 10.3 Package Dimensions 16-Pin PDIP (Narrow) PIN 1 .270 (6.86) .240 (6.10) .045 (1.14) .030 (0.76) .770 (19.56) .740 (18.80) .310 (7.87) .290 (7.37) .200 (5.08) .140 (3.56) .040 (1.02) .020 (0.51) .150 (3.81) .115 (2.92) .014 (0.36) .008 (0.20) 10 MAX. .400 (10.16) .310 (7.87) .110 (2.79) .090 (2.29) .070 (1.78) .045 (1.14) .022 (0.56) .015 (0.38) Dimensions: inches (mm) 16-Pin SOIC (Narrow) PIN 1 .157 (3.99) .150 (3.81) .244 (6.20) .228 (5.79) .050 (1.27) TYP .394 (10.00) .385 (9.78) .069 (1.75) .053 (1.35) .018 (0.46) .014 (0.36) .010 (0.25) .004 (0.10) 8 MAX. .010 (0.25) .007 (0.18) .050 (1.27) .016 (0.40) Dimensions: inches (mm) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21428B-page 21 TC500/A/510/514 10.3 Packaging Dimensions (Continued) 16-Pin SOIC (Wide) PIN 1 .299 (7.59) .419 (10.65) .291 (7.40) .398 (10.10) .413 (10.49) .398 (10.10) .104 (2.64) .097 (2.46) .050 (1.27) TYP. .019 (0.48) .014 (0.36) 8 MAX. .012 (0.30) .004 (0.10) .013 (0.33) .009 (0.23) .050 (1.27) .016 (0.40) Dimensions: inches (mm) 24-Pin PDIP (Narrow) PIN 1 .280 (7.11) .240 (6.10) .045 (1.14) .030 (0.76) .310 (7.87) .290 (7.37) 1.195 (30.35) 1.155 (29.34) .200 (5.08) .140 (3.56) .040 (1.02) .015 (0.38) .150 (3.81) .115 (2.92) .110 (2.79) .090 (2.29) .070 (1.78) .045 (1.14) .023 (0.58) .015 (0.38) .015 (0.38) .008 (0.20) 3 MIN. .400 (10.16) .310 (7.87) Dimensions: inches (mm) DS21428B-page 22 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC500/A/510/514 10.3 Packaging Dimensions (Continued) 24-Pin SOIC (Wide) PIN 1 .299 (7.59) .419 (10.65) .291 (7.40) .398 (10.10) .615 (15.62) .597 (15.16) .104 (2.64) .097 (2.46) .050 (1.27) TYP. .019 (0.48) .014 (0.36) 8 MAX. .012 (0.30) .004 (0.10) .013 (0.33) .009 (0.23) .050 (1.27) .016 (0.40) Dimensions: inches (mm) 28-Pin PDIP (Narrow) PIN 1 .288 (7.32) .240 (6.10) .045 (1.14) .030 (0.76) .310 (7.87) .290 (7.37) 1.400 (35.56) 1.345 (34.16) .200 (5.08) .140 (3.56) .040 (1.02) .015 (0.38) .150 (3.81) .115 (2.92) .110 (2.79) .090 (2.29) .070 (1.78) .045 (1.14) .022 (0.56) .015 (0.38) .015 (0.38) .008 (0.20) 3 MIN. .400 (10.16) .310 (7.87) Dimensions: inches (mm) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21428B-page 23 TC500/A/510/514 10.3 Package Dimensions (Continued) 28-Pin SOIC (Wide) PIN 1 .299 (7.59) .419 (10.65) .291 (7.40) .398 (10.10) .713 (18.11) .697 (17.70) .103 (2.62) .097 (2.46) .019 (0.48) .014 (0.36) .012 (0.30) .004 (0.10) .013 (0.33) .009 (0.23) 8 MAX. .050 (1.27) .016 (0.40) Dimensions: inches (mm) DS21428B-page 24 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC500/A/510/514 SALES AND SUPPORT Data Sheets Products supported by a preliminary Data Sheet may have an errata sheet describing minor operational differences and recommended workarounds. To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please contact one of the following: 1. 2. 3. Your local Microchip sales office The Microchip Corporate Literature Center U.S. FAX: (480) 792-7277 The Microchip Worldwide Site (www.microchip.com) Please specify which device, revision of silicon and Data Sheet (include Literature #) you are using. New Customer Notification System Register on our web site (www.microchip.com/cn) to receive the most current information on our products. 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21428B-page 25 TC500/A/510/514 NOTES: DS21428B-page 26 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. TC500/A/510/514 Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is intended through suggestion only and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. No representation or warranty is given and no liability is assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such use or otherwise. Use of Microchip's products as critical components in life support systems is not authorized except with express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual property rights. Trademarks The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, FilterLab, KEELOQ, microID, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICMASTER, PICSTART, PRO MATE, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. dsPIC, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, FlexROM, fuzzyLAB, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, ICEPIC, microPort, Migratable Memory, MPASM, MPLIB, MPLINK, MPSIM, MXDEV, PICC, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, rfPIC, Select Mode and Total Endurance are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. Serialized Quick Turn Programming (SQTP) is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. (c) 2002, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the U.S.A., All Rights Reserved. Printed on recycled paper. Microchip received QS-9000 quality system certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe, Arizona in July 1999 and Mountain View, California in March 2002. The Company's quality system processes and procedures are QS-9000 compliant for its PICmicro (R) 8-bit MCUs, KEELOQ(R) code hopping devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, non-volatile memory and analog products. In addition, Microchip's quality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001 certified. 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. 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