PIC16C712T-20/SO - Microchip Technology

PIC16C712/716

Data Sheet

8-Bit CMOS Microcontrollers with

A/D Converter and Capture/Compare/PWM

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PIC16C712/716

Devices included in thi s Data Sheet:

• PIC16C712 • PIC16C716

Microcontroller Core Features:

• High-performance RISC CPU

• Only 35 single-word instructions to learn

• All single-cycle instructions ex cept for program

branches which are two cycle

• Operating speed: DC – 20 MHz clock input

DC – 200 n s instruction cycle

• Interrupt capability

(up to 7 internal/external interrupt sources)

• Eight-level deep hardware stack

• Direct, Indirect and Relative Addressing modes

• Pow er- on Reset (POR)

• Power-up Timer (PWRT) and

Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)

• Watchdog Timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC

oscillator f or relia ble opera tion

• Brown-out detection circuitry for

Brown-out Reset (BOR)

• Programmable code-protection

• Power-saving Sleep mode

• Selectable oscillat or options

• Low-power, high-speed CMOS EPROM

technology

• Fully static design

• In-Circuit Serial Programming™ (ICSP™)

• Wide operating voltage range: 2.5V to 5.5V

• High Sink/Source Current 25/25 mA

• Commercial, Industrial and Extended temperat ure

ranges

• Low-power consumption:

- < 2 mA @ 5V, 4 MHz

- 22.5 μA, typical @ 3V, 32 kHz

-< 1 μA, typical standby current

Pin Diagrams

Peripheral Feat ures:

• Timer0: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit prescaler

• Timer1: 16-bit timer/counter with prescaler

can be increm ent ed duri ng Slee p via extern al

crystal/clock

• Timer2: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit period

• Capture , Comp a r e, PWM mo dul e

• Capture is 16-bit, max. resolution is 12.5 ns,

Compare is 16-bit, max. resolution is 200 ns,

PWM ma ximum resolu tion is 10-bit

• 8-bit multi-channel Analog-to-Digital converter

Device Program

Memory Data Memory

PIC16C712 1K 128

PIC16C716 2K 128

PIC16C712

RA2/AN2

RA4/T0CKI

RB0/INT

RB1/T1OSO/T1CKI

RA0/AN0

OSC1/CLKIN

RB7

RB6

18-pin PDIP, SOIC, Windowed CERDIP

MCLR/VPP

RA3/AN3/VREF

RB2/T1OSI

RB3/CCP1 RB4

RB5

RA1/AN1

VDD

OSC2/CLKOUT

VSS

PIC16C716

PIC16C712

RA2/AN2

RA4/T0CKI

RB0/INT

RB1/T1OSO/T1CKI

RA0/AN0

OSC1/CLKIN

RB7

RB6

20-pin SSOP

MCLR/VPP

RA3/AN3/VREF

RB2/T1OSI

RB3/CCP1 RB4

RB5

RA1/AN1

VDD

OSC2/CLKOUT

VSS

PIC16C716

VSS VDD

8-Bit CMOS Microcontrollers with A/D Converter

and Capture/Compare/PWM

PIC16C712/716

PIC16C7XX FAMILY OF DEVICES

Key Features

PICmicro® Mid-Range Reference Manual

(DS33023) PIC16C712 PIC16C716

Operating Frequency DC – 20 MHz DC – 20 MHz

Resets (and Delays) POR, BOR (PWRT, OST) POR, BOR (PWRT, OST)

Program Memory (14-bit words) 1K 2K

Data Memory (bytes) 128 128

Interrupts 7 7

I/O Ports Ports A,B Ports A,B

Timers 3 3

Capt ure/Compare/PWM modules 1 1

8-bit Analog-to-Digital Module 4 input channels 4 input channels

PIC16C710 PIC16C71 PIC16C711 PIC16C712 PIC16C715 PIC16C716 PIC16C72A PIC16C73B

Clock Maximum Frequency

of Operation (MHz) 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

Memory

EPROM Program

Memory

(x14 words)

512 1K 1K 1K 2K 2K 2K 4K

Data Memory (bytes) 36 36 68 128 128 128 128 192

Peripherals

Timer Mo dul e (s ) TMR0 TMR0 TMR0 TMR0

TMR1

TMR2

TMR0 TMR0

TMR1

TMR2

TMR0

TMR1

TMR2

TMR0

TMR1

TMR2

Capture/Compare/

PWM Module(s) ——— 1 — 1 1 2

Serial Port(s)

(SPI™/I2C™, USART) — — — — — — SPI/I2C SPI/I2C,

USART

A/D Converter (8-bit)

Channels 444 4 4 4 5 5

Features

Interrupt Sources 4 4 4 7 4 7 8 11

I/O Pins 13 13 13 13 13 13 22 22

Voltage Range (Volts) 2.5-6.0 3.0-6.0 2.5-6.0 2.5-5.5 2.5-5.5 2.5-5.5 2.5-5.5 2.5-5.5

In-Circuit Serial

Programming™ Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Brown-out Reset Yes — Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Packages 18-pin DIP,

SOIC;

20-pin SSOP

18-pin DIP,

SOIC 18-pin DIP,

SOIC;

20-pin SSOP

18-pin DIP,

SOIC;

20-pin SSOP

18-pin DIP,

SOIC;

20-pin SSOP

18-pin DIP,

SOIC;

20-pin SSOP

28-pin SDIP,

SOIC, SSOP 28-pin SDIP,

SOIC

PIC16C712/716

Table of Contents

1.0 Device Overview .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5

2.0 Memory O rganization................................................................................................................................................................... 9

3.0 I/O Ports................ ........................................ ................................... .......................................................................................... 21

4.0 Timer0 Module ........................................................................................................................................................................... 29

5.0 Timer1 Module ........................................................................................................................................................................... 31

6.0 Timer2 Module ........................................................................................................................................................................... 36

7.0 Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) Module(s)................................................................................................................................. 39

8.0 Analog-to-Digital Converter (A/D) Module.................................................................................................................................. 45

9.0 Speci a l Features of th e CPU.......... ........................... ........................... ............................ .......................................................... 51

10.0 Instruction Set Summary............................................................................................................................................................ 67

11.0 Developm ent Suppor t. ................................................................................................................................................................ 69

12.0 Electrical Characteristics............................................................................................................................................................ 73

13.0 Packagin g In fo rmation. ................... ............................... ................................ ............................................................................. 89

Revision History .................................................................................................................................................................................. 95

Conversi o n Co n side r a tions ....................... ........................... ....................... ........................................................................................ 95

Migration from Base-line to Mid-Range Devices .................. .... ......... .... .. .... ......... .... .... .. .... ......... .... .. .. ................................................ 95

Index ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 97

On-Line Support.................... .... .... .. ......... .... .. .... .. ......... .... .. .... ......... .. .... .. .... ......... .. .... .... .. ................................................................. 101

Reader Response.............................................................................................................................................................................. 102

PIC16C712/716 Product Identification System.......................................... .... ......... .... .. .... ......... .... .. .................................................. 103

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Customer Noti fic atio n Syst em

PIC16C712/716

NOTES:

PIC16C712/716

1.0 DEVICE OVERVIEW

This document contains device-specific information.

Additional information may be found in the PICmicro®

Mid-Range Reference Manual, (DS33023), which may

be obtained from your local Microchip Sales Represen-

tative or downloaded from the Microchip web site. The

Reference Manual should be considered a comple-

ment ary do cumen t to thi s dat a she et, and is hig hly re c-

ommended reading for a better understanding of the

device architecture and operation of the peripheral

modules.

There are two devices (PIC16C712, PIC16C716)

covered by this data sheet.

Figure 1-1 is the block diagram for both devices. The

pinouts are listed in Table 1-1.

FIGURE 1-1: PIC16C712/716 BLOC K DIAGRAM

EPROM

Program

Memory

13 Data Bus 8

Program

Bus

Instruction Reg

Progra m Counter

8 Level Stack

(13-bit)

RAM

File

Registers

Direct Addr 7

RAM Addr(1) 9

Addr MUX

Indirect

Addr

FSR Reg

STATUS Reg

MUX

ALU

W Reg

Power-up

Timer

Oscillator

Start-up Timer

Power-on

Reset

Watchdog

Timer

Instruction

Decode &

Control

Timing

Generation

OSC1/CLKIN

OSC2/CLKOUT

MCLR VDD, VSS

PORTA

PORTB

RB0/INT

RB1/T1OSO/T1CKI

RB2/T1OSI

RB3/CCP1

RB4

RB5

RB6

RB7

Brown-out

Reset

Note 1: Higher order bits are from the STATUS register.

CCP1 A/D

Timer0 Timer1 Timer2

RA4/T0CKI

RA3/AN3/VREF

RA2/AN2

RA1/AN1

RA0/AN0

1K X 14

128 x 8

2K x 14

PIC16C712/716

TABLE 1-1: PIC16C712/716 PINOUT DESCRIPTION

Pin PIC16C712/716 Pin Buffer

Name DIP, SOIC SSOP Type Type Description

MCLR/VPP

MCLR

VPP

44I

ST Master clear (Reset) input. This pin is

an active low Reset to the device.

Programmi ng vo lt age input

OSC1/CLKIN

OSC1

CLKIN

16 18 I

CMOS

Oscillato r c ryst al i nput o r exte rnal c lock

source input. ST buffer when config-

ured in RC mode. CMOS otherwise.

External clock source input.

OSC2/CLKOUT

OSC2

CLKOUT

15 17 O

—

Oscillator crystal output. Connects to

crystal or resonator in crystal oscillator

mode.

In RC mode, OSC2 pin outputs

CLKOUT which has 1/4 the frequency

of OSC1, and denotes the instruction

cycl e rate.

PORTA is a bidirectional I/O port.

RA0/AN0

RA0

AN0

17 19 I/O

ITTL

Analog Digital I/O

Analog input 0

RA1/AN1

RA1

AN1

18 20 I/O

ITTL

Analog Digital I/O

Analog input 1

RA2/AN2

RA2

AN2

I/O

ITTL

Analog Digital I/O

Analog input 2

RA3/AN3/VREF

RA3

AN3

VREF

I/O

TTL

Analog

Digital I/O

Analog input 3

A/D Reference Voltage input.

RA4/T0CKI

RA4

T0CKI

I/O

ST/OD

Digital I/O. Open drain when conf igured

as output.

Timer0 external clock input

Legend: TTL = TTL-compatible input CMOS = C MOS compatible input or outp ut

ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels

OD = Open drain output

SM = SMBus compatible input. An external resistor is required if this pin is used as an output

NPU = N-channel pull-up PU = Weak internal pull-up

No-P diode = No P-diode to VDD AN = Analog input or output

I = input O = output

P = Power L = LCD Driver

PIC16C712/716

PORTB is a bidirectional I/O port. PORTB

can be software programmed for internal

weak pull-ups on all inpu ts.

RB0/INT

RB0

INT

I/O

ITTL

ST Digital I/O

External Interrupt

RB1/T1OSO/T1CKI

RB1

T1OSO

T1CKI

I/O

TTL

—

Digital I/O

Timer1 oscillator output. Connects to

crystal in oscillator mode.

Timer1 external clock input.

RB2/T1OSI

RB2

T1OSI

I/O

ITTL

—Digital I/O

Timer1 osci lla tor inp ut. Conn ects to

crystal in oscillator mode.

RB3/CCP1

RB3

CCP1

910

I/O

I/O TTL

ST Digital I/O

Capture1 input, Compare1 output,

PWM1 output.

RB4 10 12 I/O TTL Digital I/O

Interrupt on change pin.

RB5 11 12 I/O TTL Digital I/O

Interrupt on change pin.

RB6 12 13 I/O

TTL

Digital I/O

Interrupt on change pin.

ICSP programming clock.

RB7 13 14 I/O

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O

Interrupt on change pin.

ICSP programming data.

VSS 5 5 , 6 P — Ground reference for logic and I/O pins.

VDD 14 15, 16 P — Positive supply for logic and I/O pins.

Legend: TTL = TTL-compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output

ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels

OD = Open drain output

SM = SMBus compatible input. An external resistor is required if this pin is used as an output

NPU = N-channel pull-up PU = Weak internal pull-up

No-P diode = No P-diode to VDD AN = Analog input or output

I = input O = output

P = Power L = LCD Driver

TABLE 1-1: PIC16C712/716 PINOUT DESCRIPTION (CONTINUED)

Pin PIC16C712/716 Pin Buffer

Name DIP, SOIC SSOP Type Type Description

PIC16C712/716

NOTES:

PIC16C712/716

2.0 MEMORY ORGANIZATION

There are two memory blocks in each of these

PICmicro® microcontroller devices. Each block

(Program Memory and Data Memory) has its own bus

so that concurrent access can occur.

Addit ional informat ion on devi ce memory may be found

in the PICmicro® Mid-Range Reference Manual,

(DS33023).

2.1 Program Memory Organization

The PIC16C712/716 has a 13-bit Program Counter

(PC) capable of addressing an 8K x 14 program mem-

ory spac e. PI C16C7 12 has 1K x 14 w ords of prog ram

memory and PIC16C716 has 2K x 14 words of program

memory. Accessing a location above the physically

implemented address will cause a wraparound.

The Res et vector is at 000 0h and the interru pt vector is

at 0004h.

FIGURE 2-1: PROGRAM MEMORY MAP

AND STACK OF THE

PIC16C712

FIGURE 2-2: PROGRAM MEMORY MAP

AND STACK OF PIC16C716

PC<12:0>

0000h

0004h

0005h

03FFh

1FFFh

Stack Level 1

Stack Level 8

Reset Vector

Interrupt Vector

On-chip Program

Memory

CALL, RETURN

RETFIE, RETLW

0400h

User Memory

Space

PC<12:0>

0000h

0004h

0005h

07FFh

0800h

1FFFh

Stack Level 1

Stack Level 8

Reset Vector

Interrupt Vector

On-chip Progra m

Memory

CALL, RETURN

RETFIE, RETLW

User Memory

Space

PIC16C712/716

2.2 Data Memory Organizati on

The data memory is partitioned into multiple banks

which contain the General Purpose Registers and the

Special Function Registers. Bits RP1 and RP0 are the

bank select bits.

= 00 → Bank 0

= 01 → Bank 1

= 10 → Bank 2 (not implem ented)

= 11 → Bank 3 (not implemented)

Each bank extends up to 7Fh (128 bytes). The lower

locations of each bank are reserved for the Special

Functio n Registe rs. Above the Spe cial Func tion Regis-

ters are General Purpose Registers, implemented as

static RAM. All implemented banks contain Special

Function Registers. Some “high use” Special Function

Registers from one bank may be mirrored in another

bank for code reduction and quicker access.

2.2. 1 GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER

FILE

The register file can be accessed either directly, or

indirectly through the File Select Register FSR (see

Section 2.5 “Indirect Addressing, INDF and FSR

Registers”).

FIGURE 2-3: REGISTER FILE MAP

RP1(1) RP0 (STATUS<6:5>)

Note 1: Maintain this bit clear to ensure upward

compatibility with future products.

Unimplemented data memory locations,

read as ‘0’.

Note 1: Not a physical register.

File

Address File

Address

00h INDF(1) INDF(1) 80h

01h TMR0 OPTION_REG 81h

02h PCL PCL 82h

03h STATUS STATUS 83h

04h FSR FSR 84h

05h PORTA TRISA 85h

06h PORTB TRISB 86h

07h DATACCP TRISCCP 87h

08h 88h

09h 89h

0Ah PCLATH PCLATH 8Ah

0Bh INTCON INTCON 8Bh

0Ch PIR1 PIE1 8Ch

0Dh 8Dh

0Eh TMR1L PCON 8Eh

0Fh TMR1H 8Fh

10h T1CON 90h

11h TMR2 91h

12h T2CON PR2 92h

13h 93h

14h 94h

15h CCPR1L 95h

16h CCPR1H 96h

17h CCP1CON 97h

18h 98h

19h 99h

1Ah 9Ah

1Bh 9Bh

1Ch 9Ch

1Dh 9Dh

1Eh ADRES 9Eh

1Fh ADCON0 ADCON1 9Fh

20h

General

Purpose

Registers

96 Bytes

General

Purpose

Registers

32 Bytes

A0h

BFh

C0h

7Fh FFh

Bank 0 Bank 1

PIC16C712/716

2.2.2 SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS

The Special Function Registers are registers used by

the CPU and Peripheral Modules for controlling the

desired operation of the device. These registers are

implemented as static RAM. A list of these registers is

give in Table 2-1.

The Special Function Registers can be classified into

two sets; core (CPU) and peripheral. Those registers

associated with the core functions are described in

detail in this section. Those related to the operation of

the peripheral features are described in detail in that

peripheral feature section.

TABLE 2-1: SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY

Addr Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bi t 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on:

POR,

BOR

Value on

all other

Resets (4)

Bank 0

00h INDF(1) Addressing this location uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register) 0000 0000 0000 0000

01h TMR0 T imer0 Module’s Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

02h PCL(1) Program Counter’s (PC) Least Significant Byte 0000 0000 0000 0000

03h STATUS(1) IRP(4) RP1(4) RP0 TO PD ZDCCrr01 1xxx rr0q quuu

04h FSR(1) I ndir ect Data Memo ry Addr ess Po inter xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

05h PORTA(5,6) ———

(7) PORTA Data Latch when written: PORTA pins when read --xx xxxx --xu uuuu

06h PORTB(5,6) PORTB Data Latch when written: PORTB pins when read xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

07h DATACCP —(7) —(7) —(7) —(7) —(7) DCCP —(7) DT1CK xxxx xxxx xxxx xuxu

08h-09h —Unimplemented — —

0Ah PCLATH(1,2) — — — W rite Buffer for the upper 5 bits of the Program Counter ---0 0000 ---0 0000

0Bh INTCON(1) GIE PEIE T0IE INTE RBIE T0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u

0Ch PIR1 —ADIF—— — CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF -0-- 0000 -0-- 0000

0Dh —Unimplemented — —

0Eh TMR1L Holding Register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

0Fh TMR1H Holding Register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

10h T1CON —— T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON --00 0000 --uu uuuu

11h TM R2 Timer2 Module’s Register 0000 0000 0000 0000

12h T2CON — TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1 TOUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 -000 0000 -000 0000

13h-14h

15h CCPR1L Capture/Compare/PWM Register1 (LSB) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

16h CCPR1H Capture/Compare/PWM Register1 (MSB) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

17h CCP1CON —— DC1B1 DC1B0 CCP1M3 CCP1M2 CCP1M1 CCP1M0 --00 0000 --00 0000

18h-1Dh —Unimplemented — —

1Eh ADRES A/D Result Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

1Fh ADCON0 ADCS1 ADCS0 CHS2 CHS1 CHS0 GO/DONE —ADON0000 00-0 0000 00-0

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, q = value depends on condition, — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’,

Shaded locations are unimplemented, read as ‘0’.

Note 1: These registers can be addressed from either bank.

2: The upper byte of the program counter is not directly accessible. PCLATH is a holding register for PC<12:8> whose contents

are transferred to the upper byte of the program counter.

3: Other (non Power-up) Resets include: external Reset through MCLR and the Watchdog Timer Reset.

4: The IRP and RP1 bits are reserved. Always maintain these bits clear.

5: On any device Reset, these pins are configured as inputs.

6: This is the value that will be in the port output latch.

7: Reserved bits; Do Not Use.

PIC16C712/716

Bank 1

80h INDF(1) Addressing this location uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register) 0000 0000 0000 0000

81h OPTION_

REG RBPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 1111 1111 1111 1111

82h PCL(1) Program Counter’s (PC) Least Significant Byte 0000 0000 0000 0000

83h STATUS(1) IRP(4) RP1(4) RP0 TO PD ZDCCrr01 1xxx rr0q quuu

84h FSR(1) I ndir ect Data Memo ry Addr ess Po inter xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

85h TRISA ———

(7) PORTA Data Direction Register --x1 1111 --x1 1111

86h T RIS B PORTB Data Directi on Regi st er 1111 1111 1111 1111

87h TRISCCP —(7) —(7) —(7) —(7) —(7) TCCP —(7) TT1CK xxxx x1x1 xxxx x1x1

88h-89h —Unimplemented — —

8Ah PCLATH(1,2) ——— W rite Buffer for the upper 5 bits of the Program Counter ---0 0000 ---0 0000

8Bh INTCON(1) GIE PEIE T0IE INTE RBIE T0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u

8Ch PIE1 —ADIE—— — CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE -0-- -000 -0-- -000

8Dh —Unimplemented — —

8Eh PCON ——— — ——PORBOR ---- --qq ---- --uu

8Fh-91h —Unimplemented — —

92h P R2 Timer2 P eri o d Regi ste r 1111 1111 1111 1111

93h-9Eh —Unimplemented — —

9Fh ADCON1 — — — — — PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0 ---- -000 ---- -000

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, q = value depends on condition, — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’,

Shaded locations are unimplemented, read as ‘0’.

Note 1: These registers can be addressed from either bank.

2: The upper byte of the program counter is not directly accessible. PCLATH is a holding register for PC<12:8> whose contents

are transferred to the upper byte of the program counter.

3: Other (non Power-up) Resets include: external Reset through MCLR and the Watchdog Timer Reset.

4: The IRP and RP1 bits are reserved. Always maintain these bits clear.

5: On any device Reset, these pins are configured as inputs.

6: This is the value that will be in the port output latch.

7: Reserved bits; Do Not Use.

TABLE 2-1: SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY (CONTINUED)

Addr Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bi t 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on:

POR,

BOR

Value on

all other

Resets (4)

PIC16C712/716

2.2.2.1 Status Register

The STATUS register, shown in Figure 2-4, contains

the arithmetic status of the ALU, the Reset status and

the bank select bits for data memory.

The STATUS register can be the destination for any

instruction, as with any other register. If the STATUS

the Z, DC or C bits, then the write to these three bits is

disabl ed. These bit s are set or clea red according to the

device logic. Furthermore, the TO and PD bits are not

writable. Therefore, the result of an instruction with the

STATUS register as destination may be different than

intended.

For example, CLRF STATUS will clear the upper-three

bits and set t he Z bit. This leaves the STA TU S register

as 000u u1uu (where u = unchanged).

It is recommended, therefore, that only BCF, BSF,

SWAPF and MOVWF instructions are used to alter the

STATUS register because these instructions do not

affe ct the Z, C or D C bits from th e ST ATUS register. For

other inst ruc tions, not af fectin g any Statu s bit s, see th e

“Instruction Set Summary.”

FIGURE 2-4: STATUS REGISTER (ADDRESS 03h, 83h)

Note 1: These devices do not use bits IRP and

RP1 (STATUS<7:6>). Maintain these bits

clear to ensure upward compatibility with

future products.

2: The C and DC bits operate as a borrow

and digit borrow bit, respectively, in sub-

traction. See the SUBLW and SUBWF

instructions for examples.

R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R-1 R-1 R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x

IRP RP1 RP0 TO PD Z DC C R = Readable bit

W = Writable bit

U = Unimplemented bit,

read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR Reset

bit7 bit0

bit 7: IRP: Register Bank Select bit (used for indirect addressing)

1 = Bank 2, 3 (100h-1FFh) – not implemented, maintain clear

0 = Bank 0, 1 (00h-FFh) – not implemented, maintain clear

bit 6-5: RP1:RP0: Register Bank Select bits (used for direct addressing)

01 = Bank 1 (80h-FFh)

00 = Bank 0 (00h-7Fh)

Each bank is 128 bytes

Note: RP1 = not implemented, maintain clear

bit 4: TO: Time-out bit

1 = After power-up, CLRWDT instruction, or SLEEP instruction

0 = A WDT Time-out occurred

bit 3: PD: Power-down bit

1 = After power-up or by the CLRWDT instruction

0 = By execution of the SLEEP instruction

bit 2: Z: Ze ro bit

1 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero

0 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is not zero

bit 1: DC: Digit ca rry /borr ow bit (ADDWF, ADDLW,SUBLW,SUBWF instructi ons) (f or b orro w the po lari ty is re versed )

1 = A carry-out from the 4th low order bit of the result occurred

0 = No carry-out from the 4th low order bit of the result

bit 0: C: Carry/borrow bit (ADDWF, ADDLW,SUBLW,SUBWF instructions)

1 = A carry-out from the most significant bit of the result occurred

0 = No carry-out from the most significant bit of the result occurred

Note: For borrow the polarit y is rev ersed. A subtra ct ion is exec uted by adding the two’ s co mplem ent of the

second operand. For rotate (RRF, RLF) ins truct ions, this bit is lo aded with either the high or low order bit of

the source register.

PIC16C712/716

2.2.2.2 OPTION_RE G Regist er

The OPTION_REG register is a readable and writable

the TMR0 prescaler/WDT postscaler (single assign-

able re gister known a lso as the pres caler), t he Ext ernal

INT Int errupt, T MR0 and the w eak pul l-up s on POR TB.

FIGURE 2-5: OPTION_REG REGISTER (ADDRESS 81h)

Note: To achieve a 1:1 prescaler assignment for

the TMR 0 re gist er, assign the pr escaler to

the Watchdog Timer.

R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1

RBPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 R = Readable bit

W = Writable bit

U = Unimplemented bit,

read as ‘0’

- n = Value at POR Reset

bit7 bit0

bit 7: RBPU: PORTB Pull-up Enable bit

1 = PORTB pull-ups are disabled

0 = PORTB pull-ups are enabled by individual port latch values

bit 6: INTEDG: Interrupt Edge Select bit

1 = Interrupt on rising edge of RB0/INT pin

0 = Interrupt on falling edge of RB0/INT pin

bit 5: T0CS: TMR0 Clock Source Select bit

1 = Transition on RA4/T0 CKI pin

0 = Internal instruction cycle clock (CLKOUT)

bit 4: T0SE: TMR0 Source Edge Select bit

1 = Increment on high-to-low transit i on on RA4/ T0CKI pin

0 = Increment on low-to-high transition on RA4/T0CKI pin

bit 3: PSA: Prescaler Assignment bit

1 = Prescaler is assigned to the WDT

0 = Prescaler is assigned to the Timer0 module

bit 2-0: PS2:PS0: Prescaler Rate Select bits

000

001

010

011

100

101

110

111

1 : 2

1 : 4

1 : 8

1 : 16

1 : 32

1 : 64

1 : 128

1 : 256

1 : 1

1 : 2

1 : 4

1 : 8

1 : 16

1 : 32

1 : 64

1 : 128

Bit Value TMR0 Rate WDT Rate

PIC16C712/716

2.2.2.3 INTCON Register

The INTCO N Register is a read able and writ able regis-

ter which contains various enable and flag bits for the

TMR0 register overflow, RB Port change and External

RB0/INT pin interrupts.

FIGURE 2-6: INTCON REGISTER (ADDRESS 0Bh, 8Bh)

Note: Interru pt flag bit s get set when an interru pt

conditi on occ urs, regar dless o f the s tate of

its corresponding enable bit or the global

enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>). User soft-

ware should ensure the appropriate inter-

rupt flag bits are clear prior to enabling an

interrupt.

R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-x

GIE PEIE T0IE INTE RBIE T0IF INTF RBIF R = Readable bit

W = Writable bit

U = Unimplemented bit,

read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR Reset

bit7 bit0

bit 7: GIE: Global Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables all unmasked interrupts

0 = Disables all in terrupts

bit 6: PEIE: Peripheral Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables all unmasked peripheral interrupts

0 = Disables all pe ripheral interrupts

bit 5: T0IE: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the TMR0 interrupt

0 = Disables the TMR0 interrupt

bit 4: IINTE: RB0/INT External Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the RB0/INT external interrupt

0 = Disables the RB0/INT external interrupt

bit 3: RBIE: RB Port Change Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the RB port change interrupt

0 = Disables t he RB port c hange interrupt

bit 2: T0IF: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit

1 = TMR0 register h as overflowed (must be cleared i n software)

0 = TMR0 register d id not over flow

bit 1: INTF: RB0/INT External Interrupt Flag bit

1 = The RB0/INT external interrupt occurred (must be cleared in software)

0 = The RB0/INT external interrupt did not occur

bit 0: RBIF: RB Port Change Interrupt Flag bit

1 = At least one of the RB7:RB4 pins changed state (must be cleared in software)

0 = None of the RB7:RB4 pins have changed state

PIC16C712/716

2.2.2.4 PIE1 Regi st er

This register contains the individual enable bits for the

peripheral interrupts.

FIGURE 2-7: PIE1 REGISTER (ADDRESS 8Ch)

Note: Bit PEIE (INTCON<6>) must be set to

enable any peripheral interrupt.

U-0 R/W-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

—ADIE — — — CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE R = Readable bit

W = Writable bit

U = Unimplemented bit,

read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR Reset

bit7 bit0

bit 7: Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 6: ADIE: A/D Converter Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the A/D interrupt

0 = Disables the A/D interr upt

bit 5-3: Unimplemented: R ead as ‘0’

bit 2: CCP1IE: CCP1 Interrupt Enable bi t

1 = Enables the CCP1 interrupt

0 = Disables the CC P1 interrupt

bit 1: TMR2IE: TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the TMR2 to PR2 match interrupt

0 = Disables the TMR2 to PR2 match interrupt

bit 0: TMR1IE: TMR1 Overflow Interru pt Enab le bit

1 = Enables the TMR1 overflow interrupt

0 = Disables the TMR1 overflow interrupt

PIC16C712/716

2.2.2.5 PIR1 Register

This register contains the individual flag bits for the

peripheral interrupts.

FIGURE 2-8: PIR1 REGISTER (ADDRESS 0Ch)

Note: Interru pt flag bit s get set when an interru pt

conditi on occ urs, regar dless o f the s tate of

its corresponding enable bit or the global

enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>). User soft-

ware should ensure the appropriate inter-

rupt flag bits are clear prior to enabling an

interrupt.

U-0 R/W-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

—ADIF — — — CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF R = Readable bit

W = Writable bit

U = Unimplemented bit,

read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR Reset

bit7 bit0

bit 7: Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 6: ADIF: A/D Converter Interrupt Flag bit

1 = An A/D conversion completed (must be cleared in software)

0 = The A/D conversion is not complete

bit 5-3: Unimplemented: R ead as ‘0’

bit 2: CCP1IF: CCP1 Interrupt Flag bit

Capture Mode:

1 = A TMR1 register capture occurred (must be cleared in software)

0 = No TMR1 register capture occurred

Compare Mode:

1 = A TMR1 register compare match occurred (must be cleared in software)

0 = No TMR1 register compare match occurred

PWM Mode:

Unused in this mode

bit 1: TMR2IF: TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Flag bit

1 = TMR2 to PR2 match occurred (must be c l eared in soft ware)

0 = No TMR2 to PR2 match occurred

bit 0: TMR1IF: TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit

1 = TMR1 register overflowed (must be cleared in software)

0 = TMR1 register d id not over flow

PIC16C712/716

2.2.2.6 PCON Regi st er

The Power Control (PCON) register contains a flag bit

to allow differentiation between a Power-on Reset

(POR) to an external MCLR Reset or WDT Reset.

These devices contain an additional bit to differentiate

a Brown-out Reset condition from a Power-on Reset

condition.

FIGURE 2-9: PCON REGISTER (ADDRESS 8Eh)

Note: If the BODEN Co nfiguration bit is set, BOR

is ‘1’ on Power-on Reset. If the BODEN

Configuration bit is clear , BOR is unknown

on Power-on Reset.

The BOR Status bit is a “don’t care” and is

not necessarily predictable if the brown-o ut

circuit is disabled (the BODEN Configura-

tion bit is clear). BOR must then be set by

the user and checked on subsequent

resets to see if it is clear, indicating a

brown-out has occurred.

U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-q

— — — — — —PORBOR R = Readable bit

W = Writable bit

U = Unimplemented bit,

read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR Reset

bit7 bit0

bit 7-2: Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 1: POR: Power-on Reset Status bit

1 = No Power-on Reset occurred

0 = A Power-on Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Power-on Reset occurs)

bit 0: BOR: Brown-out Reset Status bit

1 = No Brown-out Reset occurred

0 = A Brown-out Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Brown-out Reset occurs)

PIC16C712/716

2.3 PCL and PCLATH

The Progra m Counter (PC) s pecifies the address of th e

instruction to fetch for execution. The PC is 13 bits

wide. The low byte is called the PCL register. This reg-

ister is readable and writable. The high byte is called

the PCH register. This register contains the PC<12:8>

bits an d is no t directly re ada ble or w ri t ab le. All upd ates

to the PCH register go through the PCLATH register.

2.3.1 STACK

The stack allows a combination of up to 8 program calls

and interrupts to occur. The stack contains the return

address from this branch in program execution.

Mid-range devices have an 8-level deep x 13-bit wide

hardware stack. The stack space is not part of either

program or data space and the Stack Pointer is not

readable or writ able. The PC i s PUSHed on to the st ack

when a CALL instruction is executed or an interrupt

causes a bran ch . The st ac k i s PO Ped in the ev en t of a

RETURN, RETLW or a RETFIE instruction execution.

PCLATH is n ot mo di f ied w hen t h e s tac k is P US Hed o r

POPed.

After the st ack has been PU SHed eight times, th e ninth

push ov erwrit es the v alue tha t was stor ed from th e first

push. The tenth p us h ov erw ri tes the second p us h (an d

so on).

2.4 Program Memory Paging

The CALL and GOTO instructions provide 11 bits of

address to allow branching within any 2K program

memory page. When doing a CALL or GOTO instruction,

the upper bit of the address is provided by

PCLATH<3>. When doing a CALL or GOTO ins tru cti on ,

the user must ensure that the page select bit is pro-

grammed so that the desired program memory page is

address ed. If a retu rn from a CALL instru ction (or int er-

rupt) is executed, the entire 13-bit PC is pushed onto

the stack. Therefore, manipulation of the PCLATH<3>

bit is not required for the return instructions (which

POPs the address from the stack).

PIC16C712/716

2.5 Indirect Addressing, INDF and

FSR Registers

The INDF register is no t a physica l register. Addres sing

INDF actu ally ad dress es the reg ister whos e addres s is

cont ained in the FSR regis ter (FSR is a pointer). This is

indirect addressing.

EXAMPLE 2-1: INDIRECT ADDRESSING

• Register file 05 contains the value 10h

• Register file 06 contains the value 0Ah

• Load the value 05 into the FSR register

• A read of the INDF reg ister w ill return the value of

10h

• Increment the value of the FSR register by one

(FSR = 06)

• A read of the INDR register now will return the

value of 0Ah.

Reading INDF itself indirectly (FSR = 0) will produce

00h. Writing to the INDF register indirectly results in a

no-operation (although Status bits may be affected).

A simple program to clear RAM locations 20h-2Fh

using indirect addressing is shown in Example 2-2.

EXAMPLE 2-2: HOW TO CLEAR RAM

USING INDIRECT

ADDRESSING

An eff ect ive 9-bit a ddress is obt ain ed by c oncatena tin g

the 8-bit FSR reg ister and the IRP bi t (ST A TU S<7>), as

shown in Figure 2-10. However, IRP is not used in the

PIC16C712/716.

FIGURE 2-10: DIRECT/INDI RECT ADDRESS ING

MOVLW 0x20 ;initialize pointer

MOVWF FSR ; to RAM

NEXT CLRF INDF ;clear INDF register

INCF FSR ;inc pointer

BTFSS FSR,4 ;all done?

GOTO NEXT ;NO, clear next

CONTINUE

: ;YES, continue

Note 1: For register file map detail see Figure 2-3.

2: Maintain clear for upward compatibility with future products.

3: Not implemented.

Data

Memory(1)

Indirect AddressingDirect Addressing

bank select l ocation select

RP1:RP0 6 0

from opcode IRP FSR register

bank select location select

00 01 10 11

Bank 0 Bank 1 Bank 2 Bank 3

FFh

80h

7Fh

00h

17Fh

100h

1FFh

180h

(3) (3)

(2) (2)

PIC16C712/716

3.0 I/O PORTS

Some pins for these I/O ports are multiplexed with an

alternate function for the peripheral features on the

device. In general, when a peripheral is enabled, that

pin may not be used as a general purpose I/O pin.

Addit ion al inf orm atio n o n I/O ports may be found i n th e

PICmicro® Mid-Range Reference Manual, (DS33023).

3.1 PORTA and the TRISA Register

PORTA is a 5-bit wide bidirectional port. The corre-

sponding data direction register is TRISA. Setting a

TRISA bit (= 1) will make the corresponding POR T A pin

an input, (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in a

High-Impe dance mode). Cle aring a TRISA bi t (= 0) will

make the corresponding PORT A pin an output, (i.e., put

the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).

Reading the PORTA register reads the status of the

pins whereas writing to it will write to the port latch. All

write operations are read-modify-write operations.

Therefore , a write to a port implies that the port pins are

read, t he value is mo dif ied , and then w ritte n to the p ort

data l atch.

Pin RA4 is multiplexed with the Timer0 module clock

input to become the RA4/T0CKI pin. The RA4/T0CKI

pin is a Schm itt Trigger inp ut and an ope n drai n outpu t.

All other RA port pins have TTL input levels and full

CMOS out put driv ers .

PORTA pins, RA3:0, are multiplexed with analog

inputs and analog VREF input. The operation of each

pin is se lec ted by c lea rin g/s etti ng the co ntrol bit s i n the

ADCON1 register (A/D Control Register1).

The TRISA register controls the direction of the RA

pins, ev en w he n th ey a re being used as ana log inputs .

The user mu st ensure the bit s in the TRISA registe r are

maintained set when using them as analog inputs.

EXAMPLE 3- 1: INITIA LIZI NG PORTA

Note: On a Power-on Reset, these pins are

configured as analog inputs and read as

‘0’.

BCF STATUS, RP0 ;

CLRF PORTA ; Initialize PORTA by

; clearing output

; data latches

BSF STATUS, RP0 ; Select Bank 1

MOVLW 0xEF ; Value used to

; initialize data

; direction

MOVWF TRISA ; Set RA<3:0> as input

; RA<4> as outputs

BCF STATUS, RP0 ; Return to Bank 0

PIC16C712/716

FIGURE 3-1: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RA3:RA0

FIGURE 3-2: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RA4/T0CKI PIN

DATA

BUS

PORT

TRIS

Data Latch

TRIS Latch

RD TRIS

RD PORT

VSS

VDD

I/O pin

Analog

input

mode

TTL

Input

Buffer

To A/D Converter

VSS

VDD

DATA

BUS

PORT

TRIS

RD PORT

Data Latch

TRIS Latch

RD TRIS

Schmitt

Trigger

Input

Buffer

VSS

I/O Pin

TMR0 Clock Input

VSS

PIC16C712/716

TABLE 3-1: PORTA FUNCTIONS

TABLE 3-2: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTA

Name Bit# Buffer Function

RA0/AN0 bit 0 TTL Input/output or analog input

RA1/AN1 bit 1 TTL Input/output or analog input

RA2/AN2 bit 2 TTL Input/output or analog input

RA3/AN3/VREF bit 3 TTL Input/output or analog input or VREF

RA4/T0CKI bit 4 ST Input/output or external clock input for Timer0

Output is open drain type

Legend: TTL = TTL input, ST = Schmitt Trigger input

Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on

POR,

BOR

Value on all

other Resets

05h PORTA — — —(1) RA4 RA3 RA2 RA1 RA0 --xx xxxx --xu uuuu

85h TRISA — — —(1) PORTA Data Direction Register --11 1111 --11 1111

9Fh ADCON1 — — — — — PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0 ---- -000 ---- -000

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, — = unimplemented locations read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by

PORTA.

Note 1: Reserved bits; Do Not Use.

PIC16C712/716

3.2 PORTB and the TRISB Register

PORTB is an 8-bit wide bidirectional port. The corre-

sponding data direction register is TRISB. Setting a

TRISB bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTB

pin an i nput, (i.e., pu t the correspo nding output driv er in

a High-Impedance mode). Clearing a TRISB bit (= 0)

will make the corresponding PORTB pin an output,

(i.e., pu t the co ntents o f the output latch on the selecte d

pin).

EXAMPLE 3- 2: INITIALIZING PORTB

Each of the POR TB pins has a wea k inte rnal pull-u p. A

single control bit can turn on all the pull -ups. This is per-

formed by c lea ring bi t RBPU (OP TION_REG<7>). Th e

weak pull- up is au tomatica lly tur ned off when th e port

pin is configured as an output. The pull-ups are

disabled on a Power-on Reset.

FIGURE 3-3: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RB0 PIN

BCF STATUS, RP0 ;

CLRF PORTB ; Initialize PORTB by

; clearing output

; data latches

BSF STATUS, RP0 ; Select Bank 1

MOVLW 0xCF ; Value used to

; initialize data

; direction

MOVWF TRISB ; Set RB<3:0> as input

; RB<5:4> as outputs

; RB<7:6> as inputs

Data Latch

RBPU(1) P

VDD

DATA BUS

WR PORT

WR TRIS

RD TRIS

RD PORT

weak

pull-up

RD PORT

RB0/INT

I/O

TTL

Input

Buffer

Schmitt Trigger

Buffer

TRIS Latch

Note 1: To enable weak pull-ups, set the appropriate TRIS bit(s) and clear the RBPU bit (OPTION_REG<7>).

VSS

VDD

PIC16C712/716

PORTB pins RB3:RB1 are multiplexed with several

peripheral functions (Table 3-3). PORTB pins RB3:RB0

have Schmitt Trigger input buffers.

When enabling peripheral functions, care should be

taken in defining TRIS bits for each PORTB pin. Some

peripherals override the TRIS bit to make a pin an out-

put, while other peripherals override the TRIS bit to

make a pin an input. Since the TRIS bit override is in

effect while the peripheral is enabled, read-modify-

write instructions (BSF, BCF, XORWF) with TRISB as

dest ination shoul d be avoided. The user s hould refer to

the corresponding peripheral section for the correct

TRIS bit settings.

Four of POR TB’s pi ns, RB7:RB4, hav e an interrupt-o n-

change feature. Only pins configured as inputs can

cause this interrupt to occur (i.e., any RB7:RB4 pin

configured as an output is excluded from the interrupt-

on-chan ge co mparison). The input pin s, RB7:RB4 , ar e

comp ared w ith the old value la tched on the last rea d of

PORTB. The “mismatch” outputs of RB7:RB4 are

OR’ed together to generate the RB Port Change

Interrupt with flag bit RBIF (INTCON<0>).

This interrupt can wake the device from Sleep. The

user, in the Interrupt Service Routine, can clear the

interr upt in the foll owin g man ner:

a) Any read or write of PORTB will end the

mismatch condition.

b) Clear flag bit RBIF.

A mism at c h c ond it i on wi ll co nti n ue to s et f lag bi t RB IF.

Reading PORTB will end the mismatch condition and

allow flag bit RBIF to be cleared.

The interrupt-on-change feature is recommended for

wake-up on key depression operation and operations

where PORTB is only used for the interrupt-on-change

feature. Polling of PORTB is not recommended while

using the interrupt-on-change feature.

FIGURE 3-4: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RB1/T1OSO/T1CKI PIN

TTL Buf fer

TRISB<1>

PORTB<1>

TRISCCP<0>

DATACCP<0>

RB1/T1OSO/T1CKI

Data Bus

WR TRISB

T1OSCEN

RD PORTB

TMR1CS

DATACCP

TRISCCP

PORTB

T1CLKIN ST

Buffer

VDD

Weak

Pull-up

RBPU(1)

T1OSCEN

T1CS

VSS

VDD

Note 1: To enable weak pull-ups, set the appropriate TRIS bit(s) and clear the RBPU bit (OPTION_REG<7>).

TMR1CS

PIC16C712/716

FIGURE 3-5: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RB2/T1OSI PIN

FIGURE 3-6: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RB3/CCP1 PIN

VDD

weak

pull-up

TTL Buffer

TRISB<2>

PORTB<2>

DATA BUS

WR PORTB

WR TRISB

T1OSCEN

RD PORTB

RB1/T1OSO/T1CKI

RBPU(1)

T1OSCEN

VSS

VDD

Note 1: To enable weak pull-ups, set the appropriate TRIS bit(s) and clear the RBPU bit (OPTION_REG<7>).

TRISB<3>

PORTB<3>

TRISCCP<2>

DATACCP<2>

RB3/CCP1

DATA BUS

RD PORTB

CCPON

TTL Buffer

CCPOUT

CCPIN

CCPON

DATACCP

TRISCCP

PORTB

TRISB

CCP

Output

Mode

VDD

weak

pull-up

RBPU(1)

CCPON

VSS

VDD

Note 1: To enable weak pull-ups, set the appropriate TRIS bit(s) and clear the RBPU bit (OPTION_REG<7>).

PIC16C712/716

FIGURE 3-7: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RB7:RB4 PINS

TABLE 3-3: PORTB FUNCTIONS

Data Latch

From other

RBPU(1) P

VDD

I/O

DATA BUS

WR PORT

WR TRIS

Set RBIF

TRIS Latch

RD TRIS

RD PORT

RB7:RB4 pins

weak

pull-up

RD PORT

Latch

TTL

Buffer

RB7:RB6 in Serial Programming mode Q3

Note 1: To enable weak pull-ups, set the appropriate TRIS bit(s) and clear the RBPU bit (OPTION_REG<7>).

VSS

VDD

Name Bit# Buffer Function

RB0/INT bit 0 TTL/ST(1) Input/output pin or external interrupt input. Internal software

programmable weak pull-up.

RB1/T1OS0/

T1CKI bit 1 TTL/ST(1) Input/output pin or Timer1 oscillator output, or Timer1 clock input. Internal

so ftware programmable weak pull-up. See Timer1 sec tion f or detailed

operation.

RB2/T1OSI bit 2 TTL/ST(1) Input/output pin or Timer1 oscillator input. Internal software programmable

weak pull-up. See Timer1 section for detailed operation.

RB3/CCP1 bit 3 TTL/ST(1) Inpu t/outpu t pin or Captu re 1 inp ut, or Comp are 1 ou tput, or PWM 1 output.

Internal software programmable weak pull-up. See CCP1 section for

detailed operation.

RB4 bit 4 TTL Input/outpu t pin (with interrup t-on-change). In ternal software pro grammable

weak pull-up.

RB5 bit 5 TTL Input/outpu t pin (with interrup t-on-change). In ternal software pro grammable

weak pull-up.

RB6 bit 6 TTL/ST(2) Input/o utput pin (with inte rrupt-on-chang e). Internal softwa re programmable

weak pul l-up. Serial prog ramming cl ock.

RB7 bit 7 TTL/ST(2) Input/o utput pin (with inte rrupt-on-chang e). Internal softwa re programmable

weak pull-up. Serial programming data.

Legend: TTL = TTL input, ST = Schmitt Trigger input

Note1: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as the external interrupt or peripheral input.

2: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when used in Serial Programming mode.

PIC16C712/716

TABLE 3-4: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTB

Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on:

POR,

BOR

Value on all

other Resets

06h PORTB RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4 RB3 RB2 RB1 RB0 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

86h TRISB PORTB Data Direction Register 1111 1111 1111 1111

81h OPTION_REG RBPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 1111 1111 1111 1111

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged. Shaded cells are not used by PORTB.

PIC16C712/716

4.0 TIMER0 MODULE

The Timer0 module timer/counter has the following

features:

• 8-bit timer/counter

• Readable and writable

• Internal or external clock select

• Edge select for external clock

• 8-bit software programmable prescaler

• Interrupt on overflow from FFh to 00h

Figure 4-1 is a simplified block diagram of the Timer0

module.

Additional information on timer modules is available in

the PICmicro® Mid-Range Reference Manual,

(DS33023).

4.1 Timer0 Operation

Timer0 can operate as a timer or as a counter.

Timer mode is selected by clearing bit T0CS

(OPTION_REG<5>). In timer mode, the Timer0 mod-

ule wi ll i ncr em en t ev ery ins truction c y cle (with ou t pres-

caler). If the TMR0 register is written, the increment is

inhibited for the following two instruction cycles. The

user can work around this by writing an adjusted value

to the TMR0 register.

Counter mode is selected by setting bit T0CS

(OPTION_REG<5>). In Counter mode, Timer0 will

increment on every rising or falling edge of pin RA4/

T0CKI. The incrementing edge is determined by the

Timer0 Source Edge Select bit T0SE

(OPTION_REG<4>). Clearing bit T0SE selects the

rising edge. Res tricti ons on the external clo ck i nput a re

discussed below.

When an external cl ock input i s used for T ime r0, it must

meet certain requirements. The requirements ensure

the external clock can be synchronized with the internal

phase clock (TOSC). Also, there is a delay in the actual

incrementing of Timer0 after synchronization.

Additional information on external clock requirements

is available in the PICmicro® Mid-Range Reference

Manual, (DS33023).

4.2 Prescaler

An 8-bit counter is available as a prescaler for the

Timer0 module or as a postscaler for the Watchdog

Timer, respectively (Figure 4-2). For simplicity, this

counter is being referred to as “prescaler” throughout

this data sheet. Note that there is only one prescaler

available, which is mutually exclusively shared

between the Timer0 module and the Watchdog Timer.

Thus, a prescaler assignment for the Timer0 module

means that there is no prescaler for the Watchdog

Timer and vice-versa.

The prescaler is not readable or writable.

The PSA and PS2:PS0 bits (OPTION_REG<3:0>)

determine the prescaler assignme nt and prescale ratio.

Clearing b it PSA will assign t he prescaler to the T imer0

module. When the prescaler is assigned to the Timer0

module, prescale values of 1:2, 1:4, ..., 1:256 are

selectable.

Setting bit PSA will assign the prescaler to the Watch-

dog Timer (WDT). When the prescaler is assigned to

the WDT, prescale values of 1:1, 1:2, ..., 1:128 are

selectable.

When assigned to the Timer0 module, all instructions

writing to the TMR0 regi ster (e.g., CLRF 1, MOVWF 1,

BSF 1,x....etc.) will clear the prescaler. When

assigned to WDT, a CLRWDT instruction will clear the

prescaler along with the WDT.

FIGURE 4-1: TIMER0 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Note: Writing to TMR0 when the prescaler is

assign ed to Timer0 will cle ar the pre scaler

count, but will not change the prescaler

assignment.

Note1: T0CS, T0SE, PSA, PS2:PS0 (OPTION_REG<5:0>).

2: The prescaler is shared with Watchdog Timer (refer to Figure 4-2 for detailed block diagram).

RA4/T0CKI

T0SE(1)

T0CS(1)

FOSC/4

Programmable

Prescaler(2)

Sync with

Internal

clocks TMR0

PSout

(2-cycle delay)

PSout

Data Bus

PSA(1)

PS2, PS1, PS0(1)Set Inte rr u p t

Flag bit T0IF

on overflow

PIC16C712/716

4.2.1 SWITCHIN G PRESCALE R

ASSIGNMENT

The prescaler assignment is fully under software

control (i.e., it can be changed “on the fly” during

program execution).

4.3 Timer0 Interrupt

The TMR0 interrupt is generated when the TMR0

bit T0IF (INTCON<2>). Th e interrupt can be masked by

clearing bit T0IE (INTCON<5>). Bit T0IF must be

cleared in software by the Timer0 module Interrupt

Service Routine before re-enabling this interrupt. The

TMR0 interrupt cannot awaken the processor from

Sleep since the timer is shut off during Sleep.

FIGURE 4-2: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE TIMER0/WDT PRESCALER

TABLE 4-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER0

Note: To avoid an unintended device Reset, a

specific instruction sequence (shown in

the PICmicro® Mid-Range Reference

Manual, DS33023) must be executed

when changing the prescaler assignment

from Timer0 to the WDT. This sequence

must be followed even if the WDT is

disabled.

Address Name Bit 7 B it 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on:

POR,

BOR

Value on all

other Reset s

01h TMR0 Timer0 Module’s Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

0Bh,8Bh INTCON GIE PEIE T0IE INTE RBIE T0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u

81h OPTION_REG RBPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 1111 1111 1111 1111

85h TRISA — — —(1) Bi t 4 PORTA Data Direction Register --11 1111 --11 1111

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, — = unimplemented locations read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by Timer0.

Note 1: Reserved bit; Do Not Use.

RA4/T0CKI

T0SE

CLKOUT (=Fosc/4)

SYNC

Cycles TMR0 Reg

8-bit Prescaler

8-to-1 MUX

M U X

Watchdog

Timer

PSA

WDT

Time-out

PS2:PS0

Note: T0CS, T0SE, PSA, PS2:PS0 are (OPTION_REG<5:0>).

PSA

WDT Enable bit

Data Bus

Set flag bit T0IF

on Overflow

PSA

T0CS

PIC16C712/716

5.0 TIMER1 MODULE

The Timer1 module timer/counter has the following

features:

• 16-bit timer/counter

(Two 8-bit registers; TMR1H and TMR1L)

• Readable and writable (Both registers)

• Internal or external clock select

• Interrupt on overflow from FFFFh to 0000h

• Reset from CCP module trigger

Timer1 has a control register, shown in Figure 5-1.

Timer1 can be enabled/disabled by setting/clearing

control bit TMR1O N (T1CO N<0 >).

Figure 5-2 is a simplified block diagram of the Timer1

module.

Additional information on timer modules is available in

the PICmicro® Mid-Range Reference Manual,

(DS33023).

5.1 Timer1 Operation

Timer1 can operate in one of these mo des :

•As a timer

• As a synchronous counter

• As an asynchronous counter

The operating mode is determined by the clock select

bit, TMR1CS (T1CON<1>).

In timer mode, Timer1 increments every instruction

cycle. In co unter mode, it incre ments on every r ising

edge of the external clock input.

When the Timer1 oscillator is enabled (T1OSCEN is

set), the RB2/T1OSI and RB1/T1OSO/T1CKI pins

become inputs. That is, the TRISB<2:1> value is

ignored.

Timer1 also has an internal “Reset input”. This Reset

can be generated by the CCP module (see Section 7.0

“Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) Module(s)”).

FIGURE 5-1: T1CON: TIMER1 CONTROL REGISTER (ADDRESS 10h)

U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

—— T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON R = Readable bit

W = Writable bit

U = Unimplemented bit,

read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR Reset

bit7 bit0

bit 7-6: Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 5-4: T1CKPS1:T1CKPS0: Timer1 Input Clock Prescale Select bits

11 = 1:8 Prescale value

10 = 1:4 Prescale value

01 = 1:2 Prescale value

00 = 1:1 Prescale value

bit 3: T1OSCEN: Timer1 Oscillator Enable Control bit

1 = Oscillator is enabled

0 = Oscillator is shut off

Note: The oscillator inverter and feedback resistor are turned off to eliminate power drain

bit 2: T1SYNC: Timer1 External Clock Input Synchronization Control bit

TMR1CS = 1

1 = Do not synchronize external clock input

0 = Synchronize external clock input

TMR1CS = 0

This bit is ignored. Timer1 uses the internal clock when TMR1CS = 0.

bit 1: TMR1CS: Timer1 Clock Source Select bit

1 = External clock from pin RB1/T 1O SO/T1CKI (on the ris ing edge)

0 = Internal clock (FOSC/4)

bit 0: TMR1ON: T imer1 On bit

1 = Enables Timer1

0 = Stops Timer1

PIC16C712/716

FIGURE 5-2: TIMER1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

5.2 Timer1 Module and PORTB

Operation

When Timer1 is configured as timer running from the

main oscillator, PORTB<2:1> operate as normal I/O

lines. When Timer1 is configured to function as a

counter howe ver, the cloc k sou rce se lect ion may af fect

the operation of PORTB<2:1>. Multiplexing details of

the Timer1 clock selection on PORTB are shown in

Figure 3-4 and Figure 3-5.

The clock source for Timer1 in the Counter mode can

be from one of the following:

1. External circuit connected to the RB1/T1OSO/

T1CKI pin

2. Firmware controlled DATACCP<0> bit, DT1CKI

3. Timer1 oscillat or

Table 5-1 show s the det ails o f T imer1 mod e selections ,

control bit settings, TMR1 and PORTB operations.

TMR1H TMR1L

T1OSC T1SYNC

TMR1CS

T1CKPS1:T1CKPS0 Sleep input

T1OSCEN

Enable

Oscillator(1) FOSC/4

Internal

Clock

TMR1ON

on/off

Prescaler

1, 2, 4, 8 Synchronize

det

Synchronized

clock input

RB1/T1OSO/T1CKI

RB2/T1OSI

Note 1: When the T1OSCEN bit is cleared, the inverter and feedback resistor are turned off. This eliminates power drain.

Set flag bit

TMR1IF on

Overflow TMR1

PIC16C712/716

TABLE 5-1: TMR1 MODULE AND PORTB OPERATION

TMR1

Module

Mode Clock Source Control Bits TMR1 Module Operation PORTB<2:1> Operation

Off N/A T1CON = --xx 0x00 Off PORTB<2:1> function as normal

I/O

Timer FOSC/4 T1CON = --xx 0x01 TMR1 module uses the main

oscillator as clock source.

TMR1 ON can tu rn on or turn o f f

Timer1.

PORTB< 2:1> function as normal

I/O

Counter External circuit T1CON = --xx 0x11

TR1SCCP = ---- -x-1 TMR1 module uses the exte rnal

signal on the RB1/T1OSO/

T1CKI pin as a clock source.

TMR1 ON can tu rn on or turn o f f

Timer1. DT1CK can read the

signal on the RB1/T1OSO/

T1CKI pin.

PORTB<2> functions as normal

I/O. PORTB<1> always reads ‘0’

when configured as input. If

PORTB<1> is configured as out-

put, reading PORTB<1> will

read the data latch. Writing to

PORTB< 1> will alway s store the

result i n the dat a latch , but not t o

the RB1/T1OSO/T1CKI pin. If

the TMR1CS bit is cleared

(TMR1 reverts to the timer

mode), then pin PORTB<1> will

be driven with the value in the

data latch.

Firmware T1CON = --xx 0x11

TR1SCCP = ---- -x-0 DATACCP<0> bit drives RB1/

T1OSO/T1CKI and produc es

the TMR1 clock source.

TMR1 ON can tu rn on or turn o f f

T i me r1. The DATACCP<0> bit,

DT1CK, can read and write to

the RB1/T1OSO/T1CKI pin.

Timer1 oscillator T1CON = --xx 1x11 RB1/T1OSO/T1CKI and RB2/

T1OS I are conf igured as a 2 pin

crystal oscillator. RB1/T 1OSI/

T1CKI is the clock input for

TMR1. TMR1ON can turn on or

turn off Timer1. DATACCP<1>

bit, DT1CK, always reads ‘0’ as

input and can not write to the

RB1/T1OSO/ T1CK1 pin.

PORTB<2:1> always read ‘0’

when configured as inputs. If

PORTB<2:1> are configured as

outputs, reading PORTB<2:1>

will read the data latches. Writ-

ing to PORTB<2:1> will always

store the result in the data

latches, but not to the RB2/

T1OSI and RB1/T1OSO/T1CKI

pins. If the TMR1C S and

T1OSCEN bits are cleared

(TMR1 revert s to the timer mode

and TMR1 osci llator is disabled),

then pin PORTB<2:1> will be

driven with the value in the data

latches.

PIC16C712/716

5.3 Timer1 Oscillator

A cryst al oscillator circuit is built in between pin s T1OSI

(input) and T1OSO (amplifier output). It is enabled by

setting control b it T1OSCEN (T1CON<3>). The osc illa-

tor is a low-power oscillator rated up to 200 kHz. It will

continu e to run du ring Slee p. It is pr ima rily in tended for

a 32 kHz crystal. Table 5-2 shows the capacitor

selection for the Timer1 os cillator.

The Timer1 oscillator is identical to the LP oscillator.

The user m us t pro vi de a sof tware time del ay to en su re

proper oscillator start-up.

TABLE 5-2: CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR

THE TIMER1 OSCILLATOR

5.4 Timer1 Interrupt

The TMR1 Register pair (TMR1H:TMR1L) increments

from 0000h to FFFFh and rolls over to 0000h. The

TMR1 interrupt, if enabled, is generated on overflow

which is latched in i nterrupt f lag bit TMR1IF (P IR1<0>).

This in terrupt ca n be enab led/di sabled by settin g/clear-

ing TMR1 interrupt enable bit TMR1IE (PIE1<0>).

5.5 Resetti ng Timer1 using a CCP

Trigger Output

If the CCP module is configured in Compare mode to

generate a “Specia l Event T ri gger” (CCP1 M3:CCP1M 0

= 1011), this signal will reset Timer1 and start an A/D

conversion (if the A/D module is enabled).

T imer 1 must be c onfigured fo r either T ime r or Synch ro-

nized Counter mode to take advantage of this feature.

If Timer1 is running in Asynchronous Counter mode,

this reset operation may not work.

In the event that a write to Timer1 coincides with a

Special Event Trigger from CCP1, the write will take

precedence.

In this mode of operation, the CCPR1H:CCPR1L

registers pair effectively becomes the period register

for Ti mer1.

TABLE 5-3: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER1 AS A TIMER/COUNTER

Osc Type Freq. C1 C2

LP 32 kHz 33 pF 33 pF

100 kHz 15 pF 15 pF

200 kHz 15 pF 15 pF

These values are for desi gn guida nce only.

Note1: Highe r capacitance increases the stability of

oscillator but also increases the start-up

time.

2: Since each resonator/crystal has its own

characteristics, the user should consult the

resonator/crystal manufacturer for

appropria te va lues of ext ernal compo nen ts .

Note: The Special Event Triggers from the

CCP1 module will not set interrupt flag bit

TMR1IF (PIR1<0>).

Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on

POR,

BOR

Value on

all other

Resets

0Bh,8Bh INTCON GIE PEIE T0IE INTE RBIE T0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u

0Ch PIR1 —ADIF — — — CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF -0-- -000 -0-- -000

8Ch PIE1 —ADIE — — — CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE -0-- -000 -0-- -000

0Eh TMR1L Holding Register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

0Fh TMR1H Holding Register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

10h T1CON —— T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON --00 0000 --uu uuuu

07h DATACC

P— — — — — DCCP —DT1CK

---- -x-x ---- -u-u

87h TRISCCP — — — — — TCCP —TT1CK

---- -1-1 ---- -1-1

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, — = unimplemented read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer1 module.

PIC16C712/716

NOTES:

PIC16C712/716

6.0 TIMER2 MODULE

The Timer2 module timer has the following features:

• 8-bit timer (TMR2 register)

• 8-bit period register (PR2)

• Readable and writable (both registers)

• Software programmable prescaler (1:1, 1:4, 1:16)

• Software programmable postscaler (1:1 to 1:16)

• Inter rupt on TMR2 match of PR2

Timer2 has a control register, shown in Figure 6-1.

Timer2 ca n be shu t off by clearing control bit TMR2ON

(T2CON<2>) to minimize power consumption.

Figure 6-2 is a simplified block diagram of the Timer2

module.

Additional information on timer modules is available in

the PICmicro® Mid-Range Reference Manual,

(DS33023).

FIGURE 6-1: T2CON: TIMER2 CONTROL REGISTER (ADDRESS 12h)

FIGURE 6-2: TIMER2 BLOCK DIAGRAM

U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

— TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 T OUTPS1 TOUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 R = Readable bit

W = Writable bit

U = Unimplemented bit,

read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR Reset

bit7 bit0

bit 7: Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 6-3: TOUTPS3:TOUTPS0: Timer2 Output Postscale Select bits

0000 = 1:1 Postscale

0001 = 1:2 Postscale

0010 = 1:3 Postscale

0011 = 1:4 Postscale

0100 = 1:5 Postscale

0101 = 1:6 Postscale

0110 = 1:7 Postscale

0111 = 1:8 Postscale

1000 = 1:9 Postscale

1001 = 1:10 Postscale

1010 = 1:11 Postscale

1011 = 1:12 Postscale

1100 = 1:13 Postscale

1101 = 1:14 Postscale

1110 = 1:15 Postscale

1111 = 1:16 Postscale

bit 2: TMR2ON: Ti m e r2 On b it

1 = Timer2 is on

0 = Timer2 is off

bit 1-0: T2CKPS1:T2CKPS0: Timer2 Clock Prescale Select bits

00 = Prescaler is 1

01 = Prescaler is 4

1x = Prescaler is 16

Comparator

TMR2

Sets flag

TMR2 Reg

output

Reset

Postscaler

Prescaler

PR2 Reg

FOSC/

1:1 1:16

1:1, 1:4, 1:16

bit TMR2IF

PIC16C712/716

6.1 Timer2 Operation

Timer2 can be used as the PWM time base for PWM

mode of the CCP module.

The TMR2 register is readable and writable, and is

cleared on any device Reset.

The input clock (FOSC/4) has a prescale option of 1:1,

1:4 or 1:16, selected by control bits

T2CKPS1:T2CKPS0 (T2CON<1: 0>).

The match output of TMR2 goes through a 4-bit

postscaler (which gives a 1:1 to 1:16 scaling inclusive)

to generate a TMR2 interrupt (latched in flag bit

TMR2IF, (PIR1<1>)).

The prescaler and postscaler counters are cleared

when any of the following occurs:

• a write to the TMR2 register

• a write to the T2CON register

• any device Reset (Power-on Reset, MCLR Reset,

Watchdog Timer Reset, or Brown-out Reset)

TMR2 is not cleared when T2CON is written.

6.2 Timer2 Interrupt

The Timer2 module has an 8-bit period register PR2.

Timer2 increments from 00h until it matches PR2 and

then resets to 00h on the next increment cycle. PR2 is

a readable and writable register. The PR2 register is

initialized to FFh upon Reset.

TABLE 6-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER2 AS A TIMER/COUNTER

Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on

POR,

BOR

Value on

all other

Resets

0Bh,8Bh INTCON GIE PEIE T0IE INTE RBIE T0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u

0Ch PIR1 —ADIF — — —CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF -00- -000 0000 -000

8Ch PIE1 —ADIE — — —CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE -0-- -000 0000 -000

11h TMR2 Timer2 Module’s Register 0000 0000 0000 0000

12h T2CON — TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1 TOUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 -000 0000 -000 0000

92h P R2 Timer2 Perio d Regis te r 1111 1111 1111 1111

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, — = unimplemented read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer2 module.

PIC16C712/716

NOTES:

PIC16C712/716

7.0 CAPTURE/COMPARE/ PWM

(CCP) MODULE(S)

Each CCP (Capture/Compare/PWM) module contains

a 16-bit re gis ter, which can opera te a s a 1 6-bi t captur e

master/slave Duty Cycle register. Table 7-1 shows the

timer resources of the CCP module modes.

Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 (CCPR1) is com-

prised of two 8-bit registers: CCPR1L (low byte) and

CCPR1H (high byte). The CCP1CON register controls

the operation of CCP1. All are readable and writable.

Additional information on the CCP module is available

in the PICmicro® Mid-Range Reference Manual,

(DS33023).

TABLE 7-1: CCP MODE – TIMER

RESOURCE

FIGURE 7-1: CCP1CON REGISTER (ADDRESS 17h)

FIGURE 7-2: TRISCCP REGISTER (ADDRESS 87H)

CCP Mode Timer Resource

Capture

Compare

PWM

Timer1

Timer2

U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

—— DC1B1 DC1B0 CCP1M3 CCP1M2 CCP1M1 CC P1M0 R = Readable bit

W = Writable bit

U = Unimplem ented bit, read

as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR Reset

bit7 bit0

bit 7-6: Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 5-4: DC1B1:DC1B0: PWM Least Significant bits

Capture Mode: Unused

Compare Mode: Unused

PWM Mode: Thes e b its a r e t he tw o LSbs o f th e PWM duty cy cle. The eight MSbs are fou nd in C CP R1L .

bit 3-0: CCP1M3:CCP1M0: CCP1 Mode Select bits

0000 = Capture/Compare/PWM off (resets CCP1 module)

0100 = Capture mode, every falling edge

0101 = Capture mode, every rising edge

0110 = Capture mode, every 4th rising edge

0111 = Capture mode, every 16th rising edge

1000 = Compare mode, set output on match (CCP1IF bit is set)

1001 = Comp are mo de, clear outp ut on mat ch (C CP1IF bit is set)

1010 = Comp are mode, g enerate softw are interrupt on match (CCP1IF bit is set, CCP 1 pin is unaf fected)

1011 = Compare mode, trigger special event (CCP1IF bit is set; CCP1 resets TMR1 and starts an A/D

conversion (if A/D module is enabled))

11xx = PWM mode

R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1

———— —TCCP—TT1CKR =Readable bit

W =Writable bit

U = Unimplem ented bit, read

as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR Reset

bit7 bit0

bit 7-3: R eserved bits; Do Not Use

bit 2: TCCP – Tri -state control bit for CCP

0 = Output pin driven

1 = Output pin tristated

bit 1: Reserved bit; Do Not Use

bit 0: TT1CK – Tri-state control bit for T1CKI pin

0 = T1CKI pin is an output

1 = T1CKI pin is an input

PIC16C712/716

7.1 Capture Mode

In Capture mode, CCPR1H:CCPR1L captures the

16-bit val ue of the TMR1 register when an event occurs

on pin RB3/CCP1. An event is defined as:

• every falling edge

• every rising edge

• every 4th rising edge

• every 16th rising edge

An event is selected by control bits CCP1M3:CCP1M0

(CCP1CON<3:0>). When a capture is made, the inter-

rupt request flag bit CCP1IF (PIR1<2>) is set. It must

be cleared in software. If another capture occurs before

the value in register CCPR1 is read, the old captured

value wi ll be los t.

FIGURE 7-3: CAPTURE MODE

OPERATION BLOCK

DIAGRAM

7.1.1 CCP PIN CONFIGURATION

In Capture mode, the CCP output must be disabled by

setting the TRISCCP<2> bit.

7.1.2 TIMER1 MODE SELECTION

Timer1 must be running in Timer mode or Synchro-

nized Counter mode for the CCP module to use the

capture feature. In Asynchronous Counter mode, the

capture ope ration may not wo rk.

7.1.3 SOFTWARE INTERRUPT

When the Capture mode is changed, a false capture

interrupt may be generated. The user should keep bit

CCP1IE (PIE1<2>) clear to avoid false interrupts and

should clear the flag bit CCP1IF following any such

change in Operating mode.

7.1.4 CCP PRESCALER

There are four prescaler settings, specified by bits

CCP1M3:CCP1M0. Whenever the CCP module is

turned off, or the CCP module is not in Capture mode,

the prescaler counter is cleared. This means that any

Reset will clear the prescaler counter.

Switching from one capture prescaler to another may

generate an interrupt. Also, the prescaler counter will

not be cleared, therefore the first capture may be from

a non-zero prescaler. Example 7-1 shows the recom-

mended method for switching between capture pres-

calers. This example also clears the prescaler counter

and will not generate the “false” interrupt.

EXAMPLE 7-1: CHANGING BETWEEN

CAPTURE PRESCALERS

Note: If the RB3/CCP1 is configured as an out-

put by clearing the TRISCCP<2> bit, a

write to t he DCCP bi t c an ca us e a captur e

condition.

CCPR1H CCPR1L

TMR1H TMR1L

Set flag bit CCP1IF

(PIR1<2>)

Capture

Enable

Q’s CCP1CON<3:0>

RB3/CCP1

Prescaler

÷ 1, 4, 16

and

edge detect

CLRF CCP1CON ;Turn CCP module off

MOVLW NEW_CAPT_PS ;Load the W reg with

; the new prescaler

; mode value and CCP ON

MOVWF CCP1CON ;Load CCP1CON with this

; value

PIC16C712/716

7.2 Compare Mode

In C ompare mo de, t he 16- bit CC PR1 re gist er va lue is

constantly compared against the TMR1 register pair

value. When a match occurs, the RB3/CCP1 pin is

either:

• driven High

• driven Low

• remains Unchanged

The action on the pin is based on the value of control

bits CCP1M3:CCP1M0 (CCP1CON<3:0>). At the

same time, interrupt flag bit CCP1IF is set.

FIGURE 7-4: COMPARE MODE

OPERATION BLOCK

DIAGRAM

7.2.1 CCP PIN CONFIGURATION

The user must configure the RB3/CCP1 pin as the CCP

output by clearing the TRISCCP<2> bit.

7.2.2 TIMER1 MODE SELECT ION

Timer1 must be running in Timer mode or Synchro-

nized Counter mode if the CCP module is using the

compare feature. In Asynchronous Counter mode, the

compare operation may not work.

7.2.3 SOFTWARE INTERRUPT MODE

When generate software interrupt is chosen the CCP1

pin is not af fected. On ly a CCP interrupt is generated (if

enabled).

7.2.4 SPECIAL EVENT TRIGGER

In this mode, an internal hardware trigger is generated

which may be used to initiate an action.

The Special Event Trigger output of CCP1 resets the

TMR1 re giste r pai r. Thi s al lows the CC PR1 r eg ist er to

ef fectively b e a 16-bit progra mmable pe riod registe r for

Timer1.

The Special Event Trigger output of CCP1 also starts

an A/D conversion (if the A/D module is enabled).

TABLE 7-2: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH CAPTURE, COMPARE, AND TIMER1

CCPR1H CCPR1L

TMR1H TMR1L

Comparator

ROutput

Logic

Special Event Trigger

Set flag bit CCP1IF

(PIR1<2>)

match

RB3/CCP1

TRISCCP<2> CCP1CON<3:0>

Mode Select

Output Enable

Special Event Trigger will:

Reset Timer1, but not set interrupt flag bit TMR1IF (PIR1<0>),

and set bit GO/DONE (ADCON0<2>)

which starts an A/D conversion

Note: Clearing the CCP1CON register will force

the RB3/CCP1 compare output latch to

the default low level. This is neither the

PORTB I/O data latch nor the DATACCP

latch.

Note: The Special Event Trigger from the CCP1

module will not set interrupt flag bit

TMR1IF (PIR1<0>).

Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on

POR,

BOR

Value on

all other

Resets

07h DATACCP — — — — — DCCP —DT1CKxxxx xxxx xxxx xuxu

0Bh,8Bh INTCON GIE PEIE T0IE INTE RBIE T0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u

0Ch PIR1 —ADIF — — — CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF -0-- -000 -0-- -000

0Eh TMR1L Holding Register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

0Fh TMR1H Holding Register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

10h T1CON —— T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON --00 0000 --uu uuuu

15h CCPR1L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 (LSB) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

16h CCPR1H Capture/Compare/PWM Regis ter 1 (MSB) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

17h CCP1CON — — DC1B1 DC1B0 CCP1M3 CCP1M2 CCP1M1 CCP1M0 --00 0000 --00 0000

87h TRISCCP — — — — — TCCP — TT1CK xxxx x1x1 xxxx x1x1

8Ch PIE1 —ADIE — — — CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE -0-- -000 -0-- -000

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, — = unimplemented read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by Capture and Timer1.

PIC16C712/716

7.3 PWM Mode

In Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) mode, the CCP1 pin

produces up to a 10-bit resolution PWM output. Since

the CCP1 pi n is multiplexed with the PORTB da ta latch,

the TRISCCP<2> bit must be cleared to make the

CCP1 pin an output.

Figure 7-5 shows a simplified block diagram of the

CCP module in PWM mo de.

For a st ep by step pr ocedure on h ow to set up the CCP

module for PWM operation, see Section 7.3.3 “Set-

Up for PWM Operation”.

FIGURE 7-5: SIMPLIFIED PWM BLOCK

DIAGRAM

A PWM output (Figure 7-6) has a time base (period)

and a time that the output stays high (duty cycle). The

frequency of the PWM is the inverse of the period (1/

period).

FIGURE 7-6: PWM OUTPUT

7.3.1 PW M PE RIOD

The PWM period is specified by writing to the PR2

following formula:

PWM period = [(PR2) + 1] • 4 • TOSC •

(TMR2 prescale value)

PWM frequency is defined as 1 / [PWM period].

When TM R2 is equal to PR2, t he following three event s

occur on the next increment cycle:

•TMR2 is cleared

• The CCP1 pin is set (exception: if PWM duty

cycle = 0%, the CCP1 pin will not be set)

• The PWM duty cycle is latched from C CPR1L into

CCPR1H

7.3.2 PWM DUTY CYCLE

The PWM duty cycle is specified by writing to the

CCPR1L register and to the CCP1CON<5:4> bits. Up

to 10- b i t re so l uti on is av ai l ab le. T he CC PR 1 L c ontai ns

the eight MSbs and the CCP1CON<5:4> contains the

two LSbs. This 10-bit value is represented by

CCPR1L:CCP1CON<5:4>. The following equation is

used to calculate the PWM duty cycle in time:

PWM duty cycle = (CCPR1L:CCP1CON<5:4>) •

Tosc • (TMR2 prescale value)

CCPR1L and CCP1CON<5:4> can be written to at any

time, but the duty cycle value is not latched into

CCPR1H until after a match between PR2 and TMR2

occurs (i.e., the period is complete). In PWM mode,

CCPR1H is a read-only register.

The CCPR1H register and a 2-bit internal latch are

used to dou ble buf fer th e PWM duty cycle. Thi s doubl e

buffering is essential for glitchl ess PWM operation.

When the CCPR1H and 2-bit latch match TMR2

concatenated with an internal 2-bit Q clock or 2 bits of

the TMR2 prescaler, the CCP1 pin is cleared.

Maximum PWM resolution (bits) for a given PWM

frequency:

For an example PWM period and duty cycle calcula-

tion, s ee the PICmicro® Mid-Range Reference Manual,

(DS33023).

Note: Clearing the CCP1CON register will force

the CCP1 PWM o utpu t latch to th e de fau lt

low level. This is neither the PORTB I/O

data l atch nor the DATACCP lat c h.

CCPR1L

CCPR1H (Slave)

Comparator

TMR2

Comparator

PR2

(Note 1)

Duty cycle registers CCP1CON<5:4>

Clear Timer,

CCP1 pin and

latch D.C.

TRISCCP<2>

RB3/CCP

Note 1: 8-bit timer is concatenated with 2-b i t internal Q c l ock

or 2 bits of the prescaler to create 10-bit time base.

Period = PR2+1

Duty Cycle

TMR2 = PR2

TMR2 = Duty Cycle (CCPR1H)

TMR2 = PR 2

Note: The Timer2 postscaler (see Section 6.0

“Timer2 Module”) is not used in the

determination of the PWM frequency. The

postscaler could be used to have a servo

update rate at a different frequency than

the PWM output.

Note: If the PWM d uty c ycle v alu e i s lon ger tha n

the P WM pe riod t he CC P1 pin will not be

cleared.

log( FPWM

log(2)

FOSC )bits

PIC16C712/716

7.3.3 SET-UP FOR PWM OPERATION

The following steps should be taken when configuring

the CCP module for PWM operation:

1. Set the PWM period by writing to the PR2

2. Set the PWM duty cycle by writing to the

CCPR1L register and CCP1CON<5:4> bits.

3. Make the CCP1 pin an output by clearing the

TRISCCP< 2> bit.

4. Set the TMR2 prescale value a nd enable T imer2

by writing to T2CON.

5. Configure the CCP1 module for PWM operatio n.

TABLE 7-3: EXAMPLE PWM FREQUENCIES AND RESOLUTIONS AT 20 MHz

TABLE 7-4: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PWM AND TIMER2

PWM Frequency 1.22 kHz 4.88 kHz 19.53 kHz 78.12 kHz 156.3 kHz 208.3 kHz

Timer Prescaler (1, 4, 16) 16 4 1 1 1 1

PR2 Value 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0x3F 0x1F 0x17

Maximum Resolution (bits) 10 10 10 8 7 5.5

Addr ess Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bi t 0 Value on

POR,

BOR

Value on

all other

Resets

07h DATACCP — — — — — DCCP — DT1CK xxxx xxxx xxxx xuxu

0Bh,8Bh INTCON GIE PEIE T0IE INTE RBIE T0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u

0Ch PIR1 —ADIF ———CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF -0-- -000 -0-- -000

1 1h TMR2 T imer2 M odule’ s R egister 0000 0000 0000 0000

12h T2CON — TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1 TOUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 -000 0000 -000 0000

15h CCPR1L Capture/Compar e/PWM Registe r 1 ( LSB) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

16h CCPR1H Capture/Comp are/PWM Registe r 1 (MSB) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

17h CCP1CON —— DC1B1 DC1B0 CCP1M3 CCP1M2 CCP1M1 CCP1M0 --00 0000 --00 0000

87h TRISCCP — — — — — TCCP —TT1CK xxxx x1x1 xxxx x1x1

8Ch PIE1 —ADIE ———CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE -0-- -000 -0-- -000

92h PR2 T imer 2 M odule’ s Per iod Register 1111 1111 1111 1111

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, — = unimplemented read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by PWM and Timer2.

PIC16C712/716

7.4 CCP1 Module and PORTB

Operation

When the CCP module is disabled, PORTB<3>

operates as a normal I/O pin. When the CCP module

is enabled, PORTB<3> operation is affected.

Multiplexing details of the CCP1 module are shown on

PORTB<3>, refer to Figure 3.6.

Table 7-5 below shows the effects of the CCP module

operation on PORTB<3> .

TABLE 7-5: CCP1 MODULE AND PORTB OPERATION

CCP1

Module

Mode Control Bits CCP1 Module Operation PORTB<3> Operation

Off CCP1CON = --xx 0000 Off PORTB<3> functions as normal I/O.

Capture CCP1CON = --xx 01xx

TRISCCP = ---- -1-x The CCP1 modu le will cap ture an event

on the RB3/C CP1 pin wh ich is driven by

an external circuit. The DCCP bit can

read the signal on the RB3/CCP1 pin.

PORTB<3> always reads ‘0’ when

configured as input. If PORTB<3> is

configured as output, reading

PORTB<3> will read the data latch.

Writing to PORTB<3> will alwa ys

stor e the result in t he data lat ch, but it

does not dr ive the RB3/CC P1 pin.

CCP1CON = --xx 01xx

TRISCCP = ---- -0-x The CCP1 modu le will cap ture an event

on the RB3/C CP1 pin wh ich is driven by

the DCCP bit. The DCCP bit can read

the signal on the RB3/CCP1 pin.

Compare CCP1CON = --xx 10xx

TRISCCP = ---- -0-x The CCP1 module produces an output

on the RB3/CCP1 pin when a compare

event occurs . The DCCP bit can read

the signal on the RB3/CCP1 pin.

PWM CCP1 C ON = --xx 11xx

TRISCCP = ---- -0-x The CCP1 module produces the PWM

signal on the RB3/CCP1 pin. The

DCCP bit can read the signal on the

RB3/CCP1 pin .

PIC16C712/716

8.0 ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL

CONVERTER (A/D) MODULE

The Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Converter module has four

inputs.

The A/D allo ws co nversi on of an anal og inp ut si gna l to

a corresponding 8-bit digital number (refer to Applica-

tion Note AN546 for use of A/D Converter). The output

of the sample and hold is the input into the converter,

which generates the result via successive approxima-

tion. The analog reference voltage is software select-

able t o either the devic e’s posi tive supply vol tage (VDD)

or the vol tage level on the RA3/AN3/VREF pin.

The A/D converter has a unique feature of being able

to operate while the device is in Sleep mode. To

operate in Sleep, the A/D conversion clock must be

derived from the A/D’s internal RC oscillator.

Addition al informatio n on the A/D mod ule is avail able in

the PICmicro® Mid-Range Reference Manual,

(DS33023).

The A/D module has three registers. These registers

are: • A/D Result Register (ADRES)

• A/D Control Register 0 (ADCON0)

• A/D Control Register 1 (ADCON1)

A device Reset forces all registers to their Reset state.

This forces the A/D module to be turned off, and any

conversion is aborted.

The ADCON0 register, shown in Figure 8-1, controls

the operation of the A/D module. The ADCON1 regis-

ter, shown in Figure 8-2, con figures th e functions of the

port pins. The port pins can be configured as analog

inputs (RA3 can also be a voltage reference) or as

digital I/O.

FIGURE 8-1: ADCON0 REGISTER (ADDRESS 1Fh)

R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0

ADCS1 ADCS0 CHS2 CHS1 CHS0 GO/DONE —ADONR =Readable bit

W =Writa bl e bit

U =Unimplemented bit,

read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR Reset

bit7 bit0

bit 7-6: ADCS1:ADCS0: A/D Conversion Clock Select bits

00 = FOSC/2

01 = FOSC/8

10 = FOSC/32

11 = FRC (clock derived from the internal ADC RC oscillator)

bit 5-3: CHS2:CHS0: Analog Channel Select bits

000 = channel 0, (RA0/AN0)

001 = channel 1, (RA1/AN1)

010 = channel 2, (RA2/AN2)

011 = channel 3, (RA3/AN3)

1xx = reserved, do not use

bit 2: GO/DONE: A/D Conversion Status bit

If ADON = 1

1 = A/D conversion in progress (setting this bit starts the A/D conversion)

0 = A/D conversion not in progress (This bit is automatically cleared by hardware when the A/D

conver si on is comp lete)

bit 1: Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 0: ADON: A/D On bit

1 = A/D converter module is operating

0 = A/D converter module is shutoff and consumes no operating current

PIC16C712/716

FIGURE 8-2: ADCON1 REGISTER (ADDRESS 9Fh)

U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

— — — — — PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0 R =Readable bit

W =Writable bit

U =Unimplemented bit,

read as ‘0’

-n = Value at POR

Reset

bit7 bit0

bit 7-3: Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 2-0: PCFG2:PCFG0: A/D Port Configuration Control bits

A = Analog input

D = Digital I/O

PCFG2:PCFG0 RA0 RA1 RA2 RA3 VREF

0x0 AAAA VDD

0x1 AAAVREF RA3

100 AADA V

101 AADVREF RA3

11x DDDD VDD

PIC16C712/716

The ADRES register contains the result of the A/D

conversion. When the A/D conversion is complete, the

result is loaded into the ADRES register , the GO/DONE

bit (ADCON0<2>) is cleared and the A/D Interrupt Flag

bit ADIF is s et. The b lock d iagram of th e A/D modu le is

shown in Figur e 8-3.

The valu e tha t is in th e ADRES regi ste r is not mod ifie d

for a Powe r-on Rese t. The ADRE S registe r will cont ain

unknown data after a Power-on Reset.

After the A/D module has been configured as desired,

the selected channel must be acquired before the

conversion is started. The analog input channels must

have their corresponding TRIS bits selected as an

input. To determine acquisition time, see Section 8.1

“A/D Acquisition Requirements”. After this acquisi-

tion time has elapsed, the A/D conversion can be

started. The following steps should be followed for

doing an A /D conversion:

1. Configure the A/D module:

• Config ure ana log pins /vo lt a ge reference/

and digital I/O (ADCON1)

• Select A/D input channel (ADCON0)

• Select A/D conversion cloc k (ADCO N0)

• Turn on A/D module (ADCON0)

2. Configure A/D interrupt (if desired):

• Clear ADIF bit

• Set ADIE bit

• Set GIE bit

3. Wait the required acquisition time.

4. Start conversion:

• Set GO/D ONE bit (ADCON0)

5. Wait for A/D conversion to complete, by either:

• Polling for the GO/DONE bit to be cleared

• Waiting for the A/D interrupt

6. Read A/D Result register (ADRES), clear bit

ADIF if required.

7. For the next conversion, go to step 1 or step 2

as required. The A/D conversion time per bit is

defined as TAD. A minimum wait of 2TAD is

required before next acquisition starts.

FIGURE 8-3: A/D BLOCK DIAGRAM

(Input voltage)

VIN

VREF

(Reference

voltage)

VDD

PCFG2:PCFG0

CHS2:CHS0

000 or

010 or

110 or 111

001 or

011 or

101

RA3/AN3/VREF

RA2/AN2

RA1/AN1

RA0/AN0

011

010

001

000

A/D

Converter

100 or

PIC16C712/716

8.1 A/D Acquisition Requirements

For the A/D converter to meet its specified accuracy,

the Ch arge Holding cap acitor (CHOLD) must be al lowed

to fully charge to the input channel voltage level. The

analog in put m odel is show n in Figur e 8-4. The so urc e

impeda nce (RS) and the inte rnal sam pling swi tch (RSS)

impedance directly affect the time required to charge

the capacitor CHOLD. The sampling switch (RSS)

impedance varies over the device voltage (VDD). The

source impedance affects the offset voltage at the

analog input (due to pin leakage current). The

maximum recommended impedance for analog

sources is 10 kΩ. After the analog input channel is

selected (changed) this acquisition must be done

before the conversion can be started.

To calculate the minimum acquisition time, TACQ, see

the PICmicro® Mid-Range Reference Manual,

(DS33023). This equation calculates the acquisition

time to w ithin 1/2 LSb error (512 step s for the A/D). The

1/2 LSb er ror is the ma ximu m error allow ed for the A/D

to meet its specified accuracy.

FIGURE 8-4: ANALOG INPUT MODEL

Note: When the conversion is started, the hold-

ing capacitor is disconnected from the

input pin.

CPIN

Rs ANx

5 pF

VDD

VT = 0.6V

VT = 0.6V I leakage

RIC ≤ 1k

Sampling

Switch

SS RSS

CHOLD

= DAC capacitance

VSS

Sampling Switch

567891011

(kΩ)

VDD

= 51.2 pF

± 500 nA

Legend: CPIN

I leakage

RIC

CHOLD

= input capacitance

= threshold voltage

= leakage current at the pin due to

= interconnect resistance

= sampling switch

= sample/hold capacitance (from DAC)

various junctions

PIC16C712/716

8.2 Selecti ng the A/D Conversion

Clock

The A/D conversion time per bit is defined as TAD. The

A/D conversion requires 9.5TAD per 8-bit conversion.

The source of the A/D conversion clock is software

selectable. The four possible options for TAD are:

•2T

OSC

•8TOSC

•32TOSC

• Internal RC oscillator

For correct A/D conversions, the A/D conversion clock

(TAD) must be selected to ensure a minimum TAD time

of 1.6 μs.

Table 8-1 shows the resultant TAD times derived from

the device operating frequencies and the A/D clock

sour ce se lec ted .

8.3 Configur ing Analog Port Pins

The ADCON1 and TRISA registers control the opera-

tion of the A/D port pins. The port pins that are desired

as analog inputs must have their corresponding TRIS

bits set (input). If the TRIS bit is cleared (output), the

digital output level (VOH or VOL) will be converted.

The A/D operation is independent of the state of the

CHS2:CHS0 bits and the TRIS bits.

TABLE 8-1: TAD vs. DEVICE OPERATING FREQUENCIES

Note 1: When reading the port register, all pins

configured as analog input channels will

read as cleared (a low level). Pins

configured as digital inputs, will convert

an analog input. Analog levels on a

digit ally configure d input will not af fect the

conversion accuracy.

2: Analog le vels on any pin that is defined as

a digital input (including the AN3:AN0

pins), may cause the input buffer to

consum e current that is ou t of the device s

specification.

AD Clock Source (TAD) Device Frequency

Operation ADCS1:ADCS0 20 MHz 5 MHz 1.25 MHz 333.33 kHz

2TOSC 00 100 ns(2) 400 ns(2) 1.6 μs6 μs

8TOSC 01 400 ns(2) 1.6 μs6.4 μs24 μs(3)

32TOSC 10 1.6 μs6.4 μs25.6 μs(3) 96 μs(3)

RC(5) 11 2-6 μs(1,4) 2-6 μs(1,4) 2-6 μs(1,4) 2-6 μs(1)

Legend:Shaded cells are outside of recommended range.

Note1: The RC source has a typical TAD time of 4 μs.

2: These values violate the minimum required TAD time.

3: For faster conversion times, the selection of another clock source is recommended.

4: When device frequency is greater than 1 MHz, the RC A/D conversion clock source is recommended for

Sleep operation only.

5: For extended voltage devices (LC), please refer to Electrical Specifications section.

PIC16C712/716

8.4 A/D Conversions

8.5 Use of the CCP Trigger

An A/D conversion can be started by the “Special Event

Trigger” of the CCP1 module. This requires that the

CCP1M3:CCP1M0 bits (CCP1CON<3:0>) be

programmed as 1011 and that the A/D module is

enabled (ADON bit is set). When th e trigger occurs, the

GO/DONE bit will be set, s tarting t he A/D conversi on,

and the Timer1 counter will be reset to zero. Timer1 is

reset to au tomatical ly re peat th e A/D ac quisi tion p eriod

with minimal software overhead (moving the ADRES to

the desired location). The appropriate analog input

channel must b e selecte d and the mi nimum ac quisitio n

done before the “Special Event Trigger” sets the GO/

DONE bit (starts a conversion).

If the A/D module is not enabled (ADON is cleared),

then the “Special Event Trigger” will be ignored by the

A/D module, but will still reset the Timer1 counter.

TABLE 8-2: SUMMARY OF A/D REGISTERS

Note: The GO/DONE bit should NOT be set in

the same instruction that turns on the A/D.

Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 B it 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value o n

POR,

BOR

Value on all

other Resets

05h PORTA — — —(1) RA4 RA3 RA2 RA1 RA0 --xx xxxx --xu uuuu

0Bh,8Bh INTCON GIE PEIE T0IE INTE RBIE T0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u

0Ch PIR1 —ADIF — —— CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF -0-- -000 -0-- -000

1Eh ADRES A/D Result Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

1Fh ADCON0 ADCS1 ADCS0 CHS2 CHS1 CHS0 GO/DONE —ADON0000 00-0 0000 00-0

85h TRISA — — —(1) PORTA Data Direction Register ---1 1111 ---1 1111

8Ch PIE1 —ADIE — —— CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE -0-- -000 -0-- 0000

9Fh ADCON1 — — — — — PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0 ---- -000 ---- -000

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, — = unimplemented read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for A/D conversion.

Note 1: Reserved bits; Do Not Use.

PIC16C712/716

9.0 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE

CPU

The PIC16C712/716 devices have a host of features

intended to maximize system reliability, minimize cost

through elimination of external components, provide

power-saving operating modes and offer code

protect i on. Thes e are:

• OSC Selection

• Reset:

- Power -on Reset (PO R)

- Power-up Timer (PWRT)

- Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)

- Brown-out Reset (BOR)

• Interrupts

• Watchdog Timer (WDT)

• Sleep

• Code protection

• ID locations

• In-Circuit Serial Programming™ (ICSP™)

These devices have a Watchdog Timer, which can be

shut off only through Configuration bits. It runs off its

own RC oscillator for added reliability. There are two

timers th at of fer nec essa ry delay s on pow er-up. One i s

the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST), intended to keep

the chip in Reset until the crystal oscillator is stable.

The other is the Power-up Timer (PWRT), which

provides a fixed delay on power-up only and is

designed to keep the part in Reset while the power

supply stabilizes. With these two timers on-chip, most

applications need no external Reset circuitry.

Sleep mode is designed to offer a very low-current

Power-Down m ode . The us er ca n wa ke -up from Slee p

through external Reset, Watchdog Timer Wake-up, or

through a n inte rrupt. Se veral oscil lator options are a lso

made available to allow the part to fit the application.

The RC oscillator option saves system cost, while the

LP crystal option saves power. A set of Configuration

bits are used to select various options.

Additional information on special features is available

in the PICmicro® Mid-Range Reference Manual,

(DS33023).

9.1 Configuration Bits

The Configuration bits can be programmed (read as

‘0’) or left unprogram med (read as ‘1’) to select various

device configurations. These bits are mapped in

program memory location 2007h.

The user will note that address 2007h is beyond the

user program memory space. In fact, it belongs to

the special test/configuration memory space

(2000h-3FFFh), which can be accessed only during

programming.

PIC16C712/716

FIGURE 9-1: CONFIGURATION WORD

CP1 CP0 CP1 CP0 CP1 CP0 —BODENCP1CP0 PWRTE WDTE FOSC1 FOSC0 Register:CONFIG

Address2007h

bit13 bit0

bit 13-8, 5-4: CP1:CP0: Code Protection bits (2)

Code Protection for 2K Program memory (PIC16C716)

11 = Programming code protection off

10 = 0400h-07FFh code protected

01 = 0200h-07FFh code protected

00 = 0000h-07FFh code protected

bit 13-8, 5-4:

Code Protection for 1K Program memory bits (PIC16C712)

11 = Programming code protection off

10 = Programming code protection off

01 = 0200h-03FFh code-protected

00 = 0000h-03FFh code-protected

bit 7: Unimplemented: Read as ‘1’

bit 6: BODEN: Brown-out Reset Enable bit (1)

1 = BOR enabled

0 = BOR disabled

bit 3: PWRTE: Power-up T imer Enable bit (1)

1 = PWRT disabled

0 = PWRT enabled

bit 2: WDTE: Watchdog Timer Enable bit

1 = WDT enabled

0 = WDT disabled

bit 1-0: FOSC1:FOSC0: Oscillator Selection bits

11 = RC oscillator

10 = HS oscillator

01 = XT oscillator

00 = LP oscillator

Note 1: Enabling Brown- out Reset automatically enables Power-up Timer (PWRT) regardless of the value of bit PWRTE.

Ensure the Power-up T imer is enabled anytime Brown-out Reset is enabled.

2: All of the CP1:CP0 pairs have to be given the same value to enable the code protection scheme listed.

PIC16C712/716

9.2 Oscillator Configurations

9.2.1 OSCILLATOR TYPES

The PIC16CXXX can be operated in four different

Oscillator modes. The user can program two

Configuration bits (FOSC1 and FOSC0) to select one

of these four modes:

• LP Low-Power Crystal

• XT Crystal/Resonator

• HS High-Speed Crystal/Resonator

• RC Resistor/Capacitor

9.2.2 CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR/CERAMIC

RESONATORS

In XT, LP or HS modes, a crystal or ceramic resonator

is connected to the OSC1/CLKIN and OSC2/CLKOUT

pins to establish oscillation (Figure 9-2). The

PIC16CXXX os cillator des ign requ ires the use of a p ar-

allel cut crystal. Use of a series cut crystal may give a

frequency out of the crystal manufacturers specifica-

tions. When in XT, LP or HS modes, the device can

have an external clock source to drive the OSC1/

CLKIN pin (Figure 9-3).

FIGURE 9-2: CRYSTAL/CERAMIC

RESONATOR OPERATION

(HS, XT OR LP

OSC CONFIGURATION)

FIGURE 9-3: EXTERNAL CLOCK INPUT

OPERATION (HS, XT OR

LP OSC

CONFIGURATION)

TABLE 9-1: CERAMIC RESONATORS

T ABLE 9-2: CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR

CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR

Note 1: See Table 9-1 and Table 9-2 fo

recommended values of C1 and C2.

2: A series re si stor (RS) m ay b e requi red fo

AT strip c ut cry stals.

3: RF varies with the crystal chosen.

C1(1)

C2(1)

XTALOSC2

OSC1

RF(3) Sleep

logic

PIC16C7XX

RS(2)

interna

OSC1

OSC2

Open

Clock from

ext. system PIC16C7XX

Ranges Tested:

Mode Freq OSC1 OSC2

XT 455 kHz

2.0 MHz

4.0 MHz

68-100 pF

15-68 pF

68-100 pF

15-68 pF

HS 8.0 MHz

16.0 MHz 10-68 pF

10-22 pF 10-68 p F

10-22 pF

These values are for design guidance only. See

notes at bottom of page.

Osc Type Crystal

Freq Cap. Range

C1 Cap . Ran ge

LP 32 kHz 33 pF 33 pF

200 kHz 15 pF 15 pF

XT 200 kHz 47-68 pF 47-68 pF

1 MHz 15 pF 15 pF

4 MHz 15 pF 15 pF

HS 4 MHz 15 pF 15 pF

8 MHz 15-33 pF 15-33 pF

20 MHz 15-33 pF 15-33 pF

These values are for design guidance only. See

notes at bottom of page.

Note 1: Recommended values of C1 and C2 are

identical to the ranges tested (Table 9-1).

2: Higher ca pacitance increa ses th e s t a bil ity

of the oscillator, but also increases the

start-up time.

3: Since eac h resonator/crystal has its own

characteristics, the user should consult

the resonator/crystal manufacturer for

appropriate values of external compo-

nents.

4: Rs may be required in HS mode, as well

as XT mode to avoid overdriving crystals

with low driv e level specification.

PIC16C712/716

9.2.3 RC OSCILLATOR

For timing insensitive applications, the “RC” device

option off ers additi on al co st sa vin gs . The RC oscil lator

frequenc y is a funct ion of the su pply voltage , the re si s-

tor (REXT) and c apa ci tor (CEXT) values and the ope rat-

ing temperature. In addition to this, the oscillator

frequency will vary from unit-to-unit due to normal pro-

cess parameter variation. Furthermore, the difference

in lead frame capacitance between package types will

also affect the oscillation frequency, especially for low

CEXT values. The user also needs to take into account

variation due to tolerance of external R and C

components used. Figure 9-4 shows how the R/C

combination is connected to the PIC16CXXX.

FIGURE 9-4: RC OSCILLATOR MODE

9.3 Reset

The PIC16CXXX differentiates between various kinds

of Reset:

• Power-on Reset (POR )

•MCLR

Reset during normal operation

•MCLR

Reset during Sleep

• WDT Reset (during normal operation)

• WDT Wake-up (during Sleep)

• Brown-out Reset (BOR)

Some regi sters a re not af fected in a ny Rese t conditio n;

their status is un kn ow n on POR a nd un ch ang ed i n any

other Reset. Most other registers are reset to a “Reset

state” on Power-on Reset (POR), on the MCLR and

WDT Reset, on MCL R R ese t du ring Sle ep a nd Bro w n-

out Reset (BOR). They are not affected by a WDT

Wake-up, whic h i s v ie w ed a s the res ump tio n o f no rma l

operation. The TO and PD bits are set or cleared

differently in different Reset situations as indicated in

Table 9-4. These bits are used in software to determine

the nature of the Reset. See Table 9-6 for a full

description of Reset states of all registers.

A simp lified block di agram o f the on -chip R eset cir cuit

is sh own in Figure 9-6.

The PICmicro microcontrollers have a MCLR noise

filter in the MCLR Reset path. The filter will detect and

ignore small pulses.

It should be noted that a WDT Reset does not drive

MCLR pin low.

OSC2/CLKOUT

CEXT

REXT

PIC16C7XX

OSC1

FOSC/4

Internal

Clock

VDD

VSS

Recommended values: 3 kΩ ≤ REXT ≤ 100 kΩ

CEXT > 20pF

PIC16C712/716

9.4 Power-On Reset (POR)

A Power-on Reset pulse is generated on-chip when

VDD rise is detected (to a level of 1.5V-2.1V). To take

advant age of the POR, j ust tie the MCLR pi n directly (or

through a resistor) to VDD. This will eliminate external

RC components usually needed to create a Power-on

Reset. A maximum rise time for VDD is specified

(param eter D004) . For a slow rise t ime, see Figure 9-5.

When the device starts normal operation (exits the

Reset condition), device operating parameters (volt-

age, fre quency, temperature ,...) must be m et to en sure

operation. If these conditions are not met, the device

must be held in Reset until the operating conditions are

met. Brown-out Reset may be used to meet the start-

up conditions.

FIGURE 9-5: EXTERNAL POWER-ON

RESET CIRCUIT (FOR

SLOW VDD POWER-UP)

9.5 Power-up T imer (PWRT)

The Power-up Timer provides a fixed nominal time-out

(param eter # 33), on powe r-up onl y, from the PO R. The

Power-up Timer operates on an internal RC oscillator.

The chip is kept in Reset as long as the PWR T is active.

The PWRT’s time delay allows VDD to rise to an

acceptable level. A Configuration bit is provided to

enable/disable the PWRT.

The pow er-up time de lay will v ary from chip to chip due

to VDD, temperature, and process variation. See DC

param ete rs for deta ils .

9.6 Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)

The Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) provides a 1024

oscillator cycle (from OSC1 input) delay after the

PWR T delay is over (parame ter #32). This ensures th at

the crystal oscillator or resonator has started and

stabilized.

The OST time-out is invoked only for XT, LP and HS

modes and only on Power-on Reset or wake-up from

Sleep.

9.7 Brown-Out Reset (BOR)

The PIC16C712/716 members have on-chip Brown-

out Reset circuitry. A Configuration bit, BODEN, can

disable (if clear/programmed) or enable (if set) the

Brown-ou t Reset ci rcu itry. If VDD fa ll s be low 4 .0V, refer

to VBOR pa ramete r D005(VBOR) for a t ime grea ter than

parameter (TBOR) in Table 12-6. The brown-out situa-

tion will reset the chip. A Reset is not guaranteed to

occur if VDD falls below 4.0V for less than parameter

(TBOR).

On any Reset (Power-on, Brown-out, Watchdog, etc.)

the chip will remain in Reset until VDD rises above

VBOR. The Power-up T imer wil l now be invoke d and will

keep the chip in Reset an additional 72 ms.

If VDD drops below VBOR while the Power-up Timer is

running, the chip will go back into a Brown-out Reset

and the Power-u p Timer will be re-initialized. Onc e VDD

rises above VBOR, the Power-Up Timer will execute a

72 ms Reset. The Power-up Timer should always be

enabled when Brown-out Reset is enabled. Figure 9-7

shows typical Brown-out situations.

For operations where the desired brown-out voltage is

other than 4V, an external brown-out circuit must be

used. Figure 9-8, 9-9 and 9-10 show examples of

external brown-out protection circuits.

Note1: External Power-on Reset circuit is

required only if VDD power-up slope is too

slow. The diode D helps discharge the

capacitor quickly when VDD powers down.

2: R < 40 kΩ is recommended to make sure

that voltage drop across R does not violate

the device’s electrical sp ecification.

3: R1 = 100Ω to 1 kΩ will limit any current

flowi ng in to M CL R from external capacitor

C in the ev ent of MCLR/VPP pin break-

down due to Electros t a tic Disch arge

(ESD) or Electrical Overstress (EOS).

VDD

MCLR

PIC16C7XX

VDD

PIC16C712/716

FIGURE 9-6: SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ON-CHIP RESET CIRCUIT

FIGURE 9-7: BROWN-OUT SITUATIONS

External

Reset

MCLR

VDD

OSC1

WDT

Module

VDD rise

detect

OST/PWRT

On-chip

RC OSC

WDT

Time-out

Power-on Reset

OST

10-bit Ripple counter

PWRT

Chip_Rese

10-bit Ripple counter

Reset

Enable OST

Enable PWRT

SLEEP

Note 1: This is a separate oscillator from the RC oscillator of the CLKIN pin.

Brown-out

Reset BODEN

(1)

PWRT

BODEN See Table 9-3 for time-out

situations.

72 ms

VBOR

VDD

Internal

Reset

VBOR

VDD

Internal

Reset 72 ms

<72 ms

72 ms

VBOR

VDD

Internal

Reset

PIC16C712/716

FIGURE 9-8: EXTERNAL BROWN-OUT

PROTECTION CIRCUIT 1

FIGURE 9-9: EXTERNAL BROWN-OUT

PROTECTION CIRCUIT 2

FIGURE 9-10: EXTERNAL BROWN-OUT

PROTECTION CIRCUIT 3

9.8 Time-out Sequence

On power-u p th e tim e-o ut s eq uen ce is as f oll ows : Firs t

PWRT time-ou t is invoked after the P OR time d elay has

expired. Then OST is activated. The total time-out will

vary base d on oscil lator con figurat ion and the st atus of

the PWRT. For example, in RC mode with the PWRT

disabled, there will be no time-out at all. Figure 9-11,

Figure 9-12, and Figure 9-13 depict time-out

sequences on power-up.

Since the time-outs occur from the PO R pulse, if MCLR

is kept low long enough, the time-outs will expire. Then

bringing MCLR high will begin execution immediately

(Figure 9-13). This is useful for testing purposes or to

synchronize more than one PIC16CXXX device

operating in parallel.

Table 9-5 s hows the Re set condi tions for so me Specia l

Function Registers, while Table 9-6 shows the Reset

conditions for all the registers.

Note1: This circuit will activate Reset when

VDD goes below (Vz + 0.7V) where

Vz = Zener voltage.

2: Internal Brown-out Reset circuitry

should be disabled when using this

circuit.

VDD 33k

10k

40k

VDD

MCLR

PIC16C7XX

Note1: This brown-o ut circuit is less expens ive,

albeit les s accurate. Transis tor Q1 turns

off when VDD is below a certain level

such that:

2: Internal Brown-out Reset should be

dis abled when using this ci rcuit.

3: Resistors should be ad just ed for the

characteristics of the transistor.

VDD x R1

R1 + R2 = 0.7V

VDD

R2 40k

VDD

MCLR

PIC16C7XX

This brown-out protection circuit employs

Microchip Technology’s MCP809 microcontroller

supervisor. The MCP8XX and MCP1XX families

of supervisors provide push-pull and open

collector outputs with both high and low active

Reset pins. There are 7 different trip point

selections to accommodate 5V and 3V systems

MCLR

PIC16C7XX

VDD

Vss

RST

MCP809

VDD

bypass

capacitor

PIC16C712/716

9.9 Power Control /Status Register

(PCON)

The Power Control/Status Register, PCON has two

bits.

Bit 0 is Brown-out Reset S t atus b it, BOR. If th e BODEN

Configu rati on bit is set, BOR is ‘1’ on Power-on Reset.

If the BODEN Configuration bit is clear, BOR is

unknow n on Power-o n Re set .

The BOR Status bit is a “don’t care” and is not neces-

sarily predict able if the brown-out circuit is disabled (th e

BODEN Configuration bit is clear). BOR must then be

set by the user and checked on subsequent Resets to

see if it is clear, indicating a brown-out has occurred.

Bit 1 is POR (Power-on Reset Status bit). It is cleared

on a Power-on Reset and unaffected otherwise. The

user must set this bit following a Power-on Reset.

TABLE 9-3: T IME-OUT IN VARIOUS SITUATIONS

TABLE 9-4: STATUS BITS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE

TABLE 9-5: RESET CONDITION FOR SPECIAL REGISTERS

Oscillator Co nfigu ration Power-up Brown-out Wake-up from

Sleep

PWRTE = 0PWRTE = 1

XT, HS, LP 72 ms + 1024TOSC 1024TOSC 72 ms + 1024TOSC 1024TOSC

RC 72 ms — 72 ms —

POR BOR TO PD

0x11Power-on Reset

0x0xIllegal, TO is set on POR

0xx0Illegal, PD is set on POR

1011Brown-out Reset

1101WDT Reset

1100WDT Wake-up

11uuMCLR Reset during normal operat ion

1110MCLR Reset during Sleep or interrupt wake-up from Sleep

Condition Program

Counter STATUS

Power-on Reset 000h 0001 1xxx ---- --0x

MCLR Reset during normal operation 000h 000u uuuu ---- --uu

MCLR Reset during Sleep 000h 0001 0uuu ---- --uu

WDT Reset 000h 0000 1uuu ---- --uu

WDT Wake-up PC + 1 uuu0 0uuu ---- --uu

Brown-out Reset 000h 0001 1uuu ---- --u0

Interrupt wake-up from Sleep PC + 1(1) uuu1 0uuu ---- --uu

Legend: u = unchang ed, x = unknown, – = unimplemented bit read as ‘0’.

Note1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIE bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector

(0004h).

PIC16C712/716

TABLE 9-6: INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS OF THE PIC16C712/716

Brown-out Reset MCLR Resets

WDT Reset Wake-up via WDT or

Interrupt

Wxxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

INDF N/A N/A N/A

TMR0 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

PCL 0000h 0000h PC + 1(2)

STATUS 0001 1xxx 000q quuu(3) uuuq quuu(3)

FSR xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

PORTA(4) --0x 0000 --xx xxxx --xu uuuu

PORTB(5) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

DATACCP ---- -x-x ---- -u-u ---- -u-u

PCLATH ---0 0000 ---0 0000 ---u uuuu

INTCON 0000 -00x 0000 -00u uuuu -uuu(1)

PIR1 ---- 0000 ---- 0000 ---- uuuu(1)

-0-- 0000 -0-- 0000 -u-- uuuu(1)

TMR1L xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

TMR1H xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

T1CON --00 0000 --uu uuuu --uu uuuu

TMR2 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu

T2CON -000 0000 -000 0000 -uuu uuuu

CCPR1L xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

CCPR1H xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

CCP1CON --00 0000 --00 0000 --uu uuuu

ADRES xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

ADCON0 0000 00-0 0000 00-0 uuuu uu-u

OPTION_REG 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu

TRISA --11 1111 --11 1111 --uu uuuu

TRISB 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu

TRISCCP xxxx x1x1 xxxx x1x1 xxxx xuxu

PIE1 ---- 0000 ---- 0000 ---- uuuu

-0-- 0000 -0-- 0000 -u-- uuuu

PCON ---- --0q ---- --uq ---- --uq

PR2 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111

ADCON1 ---- -000 ---- -000 ---- -uuu

Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, – = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q = value depends on condition

Note 1: One or more bits in INTCON and/or PIR1 will be affected (to cause wake-up).

2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIE bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector (0004h).

3: See Table 9-5 for Reset value for specific condition.

4: On any device Reset, these pins are configured as inputs.

5: This is the value that will be in the port output latch.

PIC16C712/716

FIGURE 9-11: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR TIED TO VDD)

FIGURE 9-12: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR NOT TIED TO VDD): CASE 1

FIGURE 9-13: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR NOT TIED TO VDD): CASE 2

TPWRT

TOST

VDD

MCLR

INTERNAL POR

PWRT TIME-OUT

OST TIME-OUT

INTERNAL RESET

TPWRT

TOST

VDD

MCLR

INTERNAL POR

PWRT T IME -OUT

OST TIME-OUT

INTERNAL RESET

VDD

MCLR

INTERNAL POR

PWRT TIME-OUT

OST TIME-OUT

INTERNAL RESET

TPWRT

TOST

PIC16C712/716

9.10 Interrupts

The PIC16C712/716 devices have up to 7 sources of

interrupt. The Interrupt Control Register (INTCON)

records individual interrupt requests in flag bits. It also

has individual and global interrupt enable bits.

A Global Interrupt Enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>)

enables (if set) all unmasked interrupts or disables (if

cleared ) all i nterrupt s. W hen bit GIE i s enab led, a nd an

inter rupt’s flag bit and mask bi t are set, the int errupt will

vector immediately. Individual interrupts can be

disabled through their corresponding enable bits in

various registers. Individual interrupt bits are set,

regardless of the status of the GIE bit. The GIE bit is

cleared on Reset.

The “return from interrupt” instruction, RETFIE, exits

the interrupt routine, as well as sets the GIE bit, which

re-enable s inte rrup t s.

The RB0/INT pin interrupt, the RB port change interrupt

and the TMR 0 over flo w interru pt f lag s are co nt a ine d in

the INTCON register.

The peripheral interrupt flags are contained in the

Special Function Reg isters, PIR1 a nd PIR2. The co rre-

sponding interrupt enable bits are contained in Special

Functio n Regis te r s, PIE1 an d PIE2, an d the perip hera l

interrupt enable bit is contained in Special Function

When an interrupt is responded to, the GIE bit is

cleared to disable any further interrupt, the return

address is pu sh ed o nto the s tack a nd the PC is lo ade d

with 0004h. Once in the Interrupt Service Routine, the

source(s) of the interrupt can be determined by polling

the i nterr upt flag bits. T he inte rrupt flag bi t(s) mu st be

cleared in software before re-enabling interrupts to

avoid recursive interrupts.

For external interrupt events, such as the INT pin or

PORTB change interrupt, the interrupt latency will be

three or four instruction cycles. The exact latency

depends when the interrupt event occurs. The latency

is the same for on e o r tw o cy c le ins tru cti ons . Indivi dual

interrupt flag bits are set, regardless of the status of

their corresponding mask bit or the GIE bit.

FIGURE 9-14: INTERRUP T LOGIC

Note: Indiv idual interru pt flag bit s are set regard-

les s of the status of t heir corresponding

mask bit or the GIE bit.

ADIF

ADIE

CCP1IF

CCP1IE

TMR2IF

TMR2IE

TMR1IF

TMR1IE

T0IF

T0IE

INTF

INTE

RBIF

RBIE

GIE

PEIE

Wake-up (If in Slee p mod e)

Interrupt to CPU

PIC16C712/716

9.10.1 INT INTERRUPT

External interrupt on RB0/INT pin is edge triggered,

either rising if bit INTEDG (OPTION_REG<6>) is set,

or falling if the INTEDG bit is clear. When a valid edge

appears on the RB0/INT pin, flag bit INTF

(INTCON<1>) is set. This interrupt can be disabled by

clearing enable bit INTE (INTCON<4>). Flag bit INTF

must be cleared in software in the Interrupt Service

Routin e before re-enablin g this interrupt. The INT in ter-

rupt can wake-up the processor from Sleep, if bit INTE

was set prior to going into Sleep. The status of global

interrupt enable bit GIE decides whether or not the

processor branches to the interrupt vector following

wake-up. See Section 9.13 “Power-down Mode

(Sleep)” for details on Sleep mode.

9.10.2 TMR0 INTERRUPT

An overflow (FFh → 00h) in the TMR0 register will set

flag bit T0IF (INTCON<2>). The interrupt can be

enabled/disabled by setting/clearing enable bit T0IE

(INTCON<5>). (Section 4.0 “Timer0 Module”)

9.10.3 PORTB INTCON CHANGE

An input change on PORTB<7:4> sets flag bit RBIF

(INTCON<0>). The interrupt can be enabled/disabled

by setting/clearing enable bit RBIE (INTCON<4>).

(Section 3.2 “PORTB and the TRISB Register”)

9.11 Context Saving During Interrupts

During an interrupt, only the return PC value is saved

on the stack. T y pically, users m ay wish to s ave key reg-

isters d uri ng a n i nterrupt, (i.e., W reg ist er a nd STATUS

Example 9-1 stores and restores the W and STATUS

registers. The register, W_TEMP, must be defined in

each ba nk and m ust be de fined at th e same offset from

the bank base address (i.e., if W_TEMP is defined at

0x20 i n b ank 0 , i t m us t als o be defined at 0xA0 i n b ank

1).

The example:

a) Stores the W register.

b) Stores the STATUS register in bank 0.

c) Stores the PCLATH register.

d) Executes the Interrupt Service Routine code

(User-generated).

e) Restores the STATUS register (and bank select

bit).

f) Restores the W and PCLATH registers.

EXAMPLE 9-1: SAVING STATUS, W, AND PCLATH REGISTERS IN RAM

MOVWF W_TEMP ;Copy W to TEMP register, could be bank one or zero

SWAPF STATUS,W ;Swap status to be saved into W

CLRF STATUS ;bank 0, regardless of current bank, Clears IRP,RP1,RP0

MOVWF STATUS_TEMP ;Save status to bank zero STATUS_TEMP register

MOVF PCLATH, W ;Only required if using pages 1, 2 and/or 3

MOVWF PCLATH_TEMP ;Save PCLATH into W

CLRF PCLATH ;Page zero, regardless of current page

BCF STATUS, IRP ;Return to Bank 0

MOVF FSR, W ;Copy FSR to W

MOVWF FSR_TEMP ;Copy FSR from W to FSR_TEMP

:(ISR)

MOVF PCLATH_TEMP, W ;Restore PCLATH

MOVWF PCLATH ;Move W into PCLATH

SWAPF STATUS_TEMP,W ;Swap STATUS_TEMP register into W

;(sets bank to original state)

MOVWF STATUS ;Move W into STATUS register

SWAPF W_TEMP,F ;Swap W_TEMP

SWAPF W_TEMP,W ;Swap W_TEMP into W

PIC16C712/716

9.12 W atchdog Ti mer (WDT)

The Watchdog Timer is as a free running, on-chip, RC

oscillator which does not require any external compo-

nent s. T his RC oscilla tor is s ep arate from the R C osci l-

lator of the OSC1/CLKIN pin. That means that the WDT

will run, even if the clock on the OSC1/CLKIN and

OSC2/CL KOUT pins of th e devic e have been sto pped,

for example, by execution of a SLEEP instruction.

During no rma l o pera tio n, a WDT Time-out gen erates a

device Reset (Watchdog Timer Reset). If the device is

in Sleep mode, a WDT Time-out causes the device to

wake-up and continue with normal operation (Watch-

dog Timer Wake-u p) . T he TO bit in the STATUS regis-

ter will be cleared upon a Watchdog Timer Time-out.

The WDT can be permanently disabled by clearing

Configuration bit WDTE ( Section 9.1 “Configuration

Bits”).

WDT time-out period values may be found in the

Electrical Specifications section under TWDT (parame-

ter #31). Values for the WDT prescaler (actually a

pos tscaler, but sha red w ith th e Timer 0 pre scale r) may

be assigned using the OPTION_REG register.

FIGURE 9-15: WATCHDOG TIMER BLOCK DIAGRAM

FIGURE 9-16: SUMMARY OF WATCHDOG TIMER REGISTERS

Note: The CLRWDT and SLEEP instructions clear

the WDT and the p ostsc aler, if ass igned to

the WDT, and prevent it from timing out

and generating a device Reset condition.

Note: When a CLRWDT instruction is executed

and the prescaler is assigned to the WDT,

the presc aler count will be cleared, but the

presc al er ass ig nme nt is not changed.

Address Name Bits 13:8 Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

2007h Config. bits (1) —BODEN(1) CP1 CP0 PWRTE(1) WDTE FOSC1 FOSC0

81h OPTION_REG N/A RBPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0

Legend:Shade d cell s are not us ed by the Watchdog Timer.

Note1: See Figure 9-1 for operation of these bits.

From TMR0 Clock Source

(Figure 4-2)

To TMR0 (Figure 4-2)

Postscaler

WDT Timer

WDT

Enable Bit

PSA

8-to-1 MUX PS2:PS0

MUX PSA

WDT

Time-out

Note: PSA and PS2:PS0 are bits in the OPTION_REG register.

PIC16C712/716

9.13 Power-down Mode (Sleep)

Power-Down mode is entered by executing a SLEEP

instruction.

If enabled, the Watchdog Timer will be cleared but

keep s runni ng, the PD bi t ( STATUS<3>) is clea red , th e

TO (STATUS<4>) bit is set, and the oscillator driver is

turned off. The I/O ports maintain the status they had,

before the SLEEP instruction was executed (driving

high, low, or high-impedance).

For lowest current consumption in this mode, place all

I/O pins at either VDD or VSS, ensure no external

circuitry is drawing current from the I/O pin, power-

down the A/ D and the dis able ext ernal c locks. Pu ll all I/

O pins, that are high-impedance inputs, high or low

externally to avoid switching currents caused by float-

ing inputs. The T0CKI input should also be at VDD or

VSS for lowest current consumption. The contribution

from on-chip pull-ups on PORTB should be considered.

The MCLR pin must be at a logic high level (VIHMC).

9.13.1 WAKE-U P FR OM SLEEP

The dev ice ca n wa ke up f rom Sle ep t hrough o ne of th e

following events:

1. External Reset input on MCLR pin.

2. Watchdog Timer Wake-up (if WDT was

enabled).

3. Interrupt from INT p in , RB port cha nge , o r s ome

peripheral interrupts.

External MCLR Reset will cause a device Reset. All

other events are considered a continuation of program

execut ion and c aus e a “wak e-u p”. The TO and PD bits

in the STATUS register can be used to determine the

cause of device Reset. The PD bit, which is set on

powe r-up, is cleared w hen SLEEP is invoked. The TO

bit is cleared if a WDT Time-out occurred (and caused

wake-up).

The follo wing periph eral interrupt s can wake the device

from Sleep:

1. TMR1 interrupt. Timer1 must be operating as an

asynchronous counter.

2. CCP Capture mode interrupt.

3. Special Event Trigger (Timer1 in Asynchronous

mode using an external clock).

Other peripherals cannot generate interrupts, since

during Sleep, no on-chip clocks are present.

PIC16C712/716

When the SLEEP instruction i s being executed, the next

instruction (PC + 1) is pre-fetched. For the device to

wake-u p thro ugh an int errup t ev ent, the co rres pon din g

interrupt enable bit must be set (enabled). Wake-up is

regardless of the state of the GIE bit. If the GIE bit is

clear (disabled), the device continues execution at the

instruction after the SLEEP instruction. If the GIE bit is

set (enabled), the device executes the instruction after

the SLEEP instruction and then branches to the inter-

rupt address (0004h). In cases where the execution of

the instruction following SLEEP is not desirable, the

user should have a NOP after the SLEEP instruction.

9.13.2 WA KE -U P USIN G INTERR UPTS

When global interrupts are disabled (GIE cleared) and

any interrupt source has both its interrupt enable bit

and inte rrupt fla g bit s et, one of the fo llowin g will oc cur:

• If the interrupt occurs before the execution of a

SLEEP instruction, the SLEEP instruct ion will

complete as a NOP. Therefo re, the WDT an d WDT

pos tscaler will not be cleared, the TO bit will not

be set and PD bits will not be cle are d.

• If the interrupt occurs during or after the execu-

tion of a SLEEP instruction, the device will imme-

diately wake-up from Sleep. The SLEEP

instruction will be completely executed before the

wake-up. Therefore, the WDT and WDT

pos tscaler will be cleared, the TO bit will be set

and the PD bit will be cleared.

Even if the flag bits were checked before executing a

SLEEP instruction, it may be possible for flag bits to

become set before the SLEEP inst ruction completes. To

determine whether a SLEEP instru ction ex ecuted , test

the PD bit. If the PD bit is set, the SLEEP instruction

was executed as a NOP.

To ensure that the WDT is cleared, a CLRWDT instruc-

tion should be executed before a SLEEP instruction.

FIGURE 9-17: WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP THROUGH INTERRUPT

9.14 Program Verification/Code

Protection

If the code protection bit(s) have not been

programmed, the on-chip program memory can be

read out for verificati on purp os es .

9.15 ID Locations

Four memory locations (2000h-2003h) are designated

as ID locations where the user can store checksum or

other code-identification numbers. These locations are

not accessible during normal execution, but are read-

able and writable during Program/Verify. It is

recommended that only the 4 Least Significant bits of

the ID location are used.

For ROM devices, these values are submitted along

with the ROM code.

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

OSC1

CLKOUT(4)

INT pin

INTF flag

(INTCON<1>)

GIE bit

(INTCON<7>)

INSTRUCTION FLOW

Instruction

fetched

Instruction

executed

PC PC + 1 PC + 2

Inst(PC) = Sleep

Inst(PC - 1)

Inst(PC + 1)

Sleep

Processor in

Sleep

Interrupt Latency

(Note 2)

Inst(PC + 2)

Inst(PC + 1)

Inst(0004h) Inst(0005h)

Inst(0004h)

Dummy cycle

PC + 2 0004h 0005h

Dummy cycle

TOST(2)

PC + 2

Note 1: XT, HS or LP Oscillator mode assumed.

2: TOST = 1024TOSC (drawing not to scale) This delay will not be there for RC Osc mode.

3: GIE = 1 assumed. In this case after wake-up, the processor jumps to the interrupt routine. If GIE = 0, execution will continue in-line.

4: CLKOUT is not available in these osc modes, but shown here for timing reference.

Note: Microchip does not recommend code

prote cting wi nd ow ed devices .

PIC16C712/716

9.16 In-Circuit Seria l Programming™

PIC16CXXX microcontrollers can be serially

progra mmed w hile in t he en d app licati on c ircuit. This i s

simply don e with two lines fo r clock and da ta, and three

other lines for power, ground and the programming

voltage. This allows customers to manufacture boards

with unprogrammed devices, and then program the

microcontroller just before shipping the product. This

also allows the most recent firmware or a custom

firmware to be programmed.

For complete details on serial programming, please

refer to the In-Circuit Serial Programming™ (ICSP™)

Guide, (DS30277).

PIC16C712/716

10.0 INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY

Each PIC16CXXX instruction is a 14-bit word divided

into an OPCODE which specifies the instruction type

and one or more operands which further specify the

operation of the instruction. The PIC16CXXX instruc-

tion set sum mary in Table 10-2 list s byte-oriented, bit-

oriented, and literal and control operations.

Table 10-1 shows the opcode field descriptions.

For byte-oriented instructions, ‘f’ represents a file

designator. The file register designator specifies which

file register is to be used by the instruction.

The desti nation designator specifies where the result of

the operation is to be placed. If ‘d’ is zero, the result is

placed in the W regis ter . If ‘d’ is one, the res ult is place d

in the file register specified in the instruction.

For bit-oriented instructions, ‘b’ represents a bit field

design ator whic h sel ec ts the nu mb er of th e bi t a f fe cte d

by the op erat ion, whil e ‘ f’ represe nt s the num be r of the

file in which the bit is located.

For literal and control operations, ‘k’ represents an

eight or eleven bit constant or literal value.

TABLE 10-1: OPCODE FIELD

DESCRIPTIONS

The instruction set is highly orthogonal and is grouped

into three basi c catego ries:

•Byte-oriented operations

•Bit-oriented operations

•Literal and cont rol operations

All instructions are executed within one single instruc-

tion cycle, unless a conditional test is true or the pro-

gram counter is changed as a result of an instruction.

In thi s cas e, t he ex ec u ti o n tak es tw o in s tru ct i o n cy cl es

with the second cycle executed as a NOP. One instruc-

tion cycle consists of four oscillator periods. Thus, for

an osc illator frequency of 4 M Hz, th e normal i nstructio n

executi on tim e is 1 μs. If a con dition al tes t is tr ue or th e

program counter is changed as a result of an

instruction, the instruction execution time is 2 μs.

Table 10-2 lists the instructions recognized by the

MPASM assembler.

Figure 10-1 shows the general formats that the

instructions can have.

All examples use the following format to represent a

hexadecimal number:

0xhh

where h signifies a hexadecimal digit.

FIGURE 10-1: GENERAL FORMAT FOR

INSTRUCTIONS

A description of each instruction is available in the

PICmicro® Mid-Range Reference Manual, (DS33023).

Field Description

fRegister file address (0x00 to 0x7F)

WWorking register (accumulator)

bBit address within an 8-bit file register

kLiteral field, constant data or label

xDon’t care location (= 0 or 1)

The assembler will generate code with x = 0. It is the

recommended form of use for compatibility with all

Microchip software tools.

dDestination select; d = 0: store result in W,

d = 1: store result in file register f.

Default is d = 1

PC Program Counter

TO Time-out bit

PD Power-down bit

ZZero bit

DC Digit Carry bit

CCarry bit

Note: To maintain upward compatibility with

future PIC16CXXX products, do not use

the OPTION and TRIS instru ctions.

Byte-oriented file register operations

13 8 7 6 0

d = 0 for destination W

OPCODE d f (FILE #)

d = 1 for destination f

f = 7-bit file register address

Bit-oriented file register operations

13 10 9 7 6 0

OPCODE b (BIT # ) f (FILE #)

b = 3-bit bit address

f = 7-bit file register address

Literal and control operations

13 8 7 0

OPCODE k (literal )

k = 8-bit immediate value

13 11 10 0

OPCODE k (literal)

k = 11-bit immediate value

General

CALL and GOTO instructions only

PIC16C712/716

TABLE 10-2: PIC16CXXX INSTRUCTION

SET

Mnemonic,

Operands Description Cycles 14-B it Opcod e Status

Affected Notes

MSb LSb

BYTE-ORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS

ADDWF

ANDWF

CLRF

CLRW

COMF

DECF

DECFSZ

INCF

INCFSZ

IORWF

MOVF

MOVWF

NOP

RLF

RRF

SUBWF

SWAPF

XORWF

f, d

Add W and f

AND W with f

Clear f

Clear W

Compleme nt f

Decrement f

Decrement f, Skip if 0

Increment f

Increment f, Skip if 0

Inclusive OR W with f

Move f

Move W to f

No Operation

Rotate Left f through Carry

Rotate Right f through Carry

Subtract W from f

Swap nibbles in f

Exclusive OR W with f

1(2)

0111

0101

0001

1001

0011

1011

1010

1111

0100

1000

0000

1101

1100

0010

1110

0110

dfff

lfff

0000

dfff

lfff

0xx0

dfff

ffff

0011

ffff

0000

ffff

C,DC,Z

1,2

1,2,3

1,2

1,2,3

1,2

BIT-ORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS

BCF

BSF

BTFSC

BTFSS

f, b

Bit Clear f

Bit Set f

Bit Test f, Skip if Clear

Bit Test f, Sk i p if Set

1 (2)

00bb

01bb

10bb

11bb

bfff

ffff

1,2

LITERAL AND CONTROL OPERATIONS

ADDLW

ANDLW

CALL

CLRWDT

GOTO

IORLW

MOVLW

RETFIE

RETLW

RETURN

SLEEP

SUBLW

XORLW

Add literal and W

AND literal with W

Call subroutine

Clear Watchdog Timer

Go to address

Inclusive OR liter al with W

Move literal to W

Re tu r n from inte rr upt

Return with literal in W

Return from Subrou tine

Go into standby mode

Subtract W from literal

Exclusive OR literal with W

111x

1001

0kkk

0000

1kkk

1000

00xx

0000

01xx

0000

110x

1010

kkkk

0110

kkkk

0000

kkkk

0000

0110

kkkk

0100

kkkk

1001

kkkk

1000

0011

kkkk

C,DC,Z

TO,PD

C,DC,Z

Note 1: When an I/O register is modified as a function of itself (e.g., MOVF PORTB, 1), the value used will be that value present

on the pins themselves. For example, if the data latch is ‘1’ for a pin configured as input and is driven low by an external

device, the data will be written back with a ‘0’.

2: If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and, where applicable, d = 1), the prescaler will be cleared if assigned

to the Timer0 Module.

3: If Program Counter (PC) is modified or a conditional test is true, the instruction requires two cycles. The second cycle is

executed as a NOP.

PIC16C712/716

11.0 DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT

The PICmicro® microcontrollers are supported with a

full ran ge of hardware a nd softwa re develo pment to ols:

• Integrated Development Environment

- MPLAB® IDE Software

• Assemblers/Compilers/Linkers

- MPASMTM Assembler

- MPLAB C18 and MPLAB C30 C Compilers

-MPLINK

TM Object Linker/

MPLIBTM Object Librarian

- MPLAB ASM30 Assembler/Linker/Library

• Simulators

- MPLAB SIM Software Simulator

•Emulators

- MPLAB ICE 2000 In-Circuit Emulator

- MPLAB ICE 4000 In-Circuit Emulator

• In-Circuit Debugger

- MPLAB ICD 2

• Device Progra mm ers

- PICSTART® Plus Development Programmer

- MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer

• Low-Cost Demonstration and Development

Boards and Evaluation Kits

11.1 MPLAB Integrated Development

Environment Software

The MPLAB IDE software brings an ease of software

development previously unseen in the 8/16-bit micro-

controller market. The MPLAB IDE is a Windows®

operating system-based application that contains:

• A single graphical interface to all debugging tools

- Simulator

- Programmer (sold separately)

- Emulator (sold separatel y)

- In-Circuit De bugger (s old separately)

• A full-featured editor with color-coded context

• A multiple project manager

• Customizable data windows with direct edit of

contents

• High-level source code debugging

• Visual device initializer for easy register

initialization

• Mouse over variable inspection

• Drag and drop variables from source to watch

windows

• Exten si ve on-l in e help

• Integration of select third par ty tools, such as

HI-TECH Software C Compilers and IAR

C Compilers

The MPLAB IDE allows you to:

• Edit your sour ce files (either assemb ly or C)

• One touch assemble (or compile) and download

to PICmicro MCU emulator and simulator tools

(automatically updates all project information)

• Debug us ing :

- Sourc e file s (assembly or C)

- Mixed assembly and C

- Machine code

MPLAB IDE supports multiple debugging tools in a

single development paradigm, from the cost-effective

simulators, through low-cost in-circuit debuggers, to

full-featured emulators. This eliminates the learning

curve when upgrading to tools with increased flexibility

and power.

PIC16C712/716

11.2 MPASM Assembler

The MPASM Assembler is a full-featured, universal

macro assembler for all PICmicro MCUs.

The MPASM Assembler generates relocatable object

files fo r the MPLINK Ob ject Linker , Int el® standa rd HEX

files, MAP files to detail memory usage and symbol

reference, absolute LST files that contain source lines

and generated machine code and COFF files for

debugging.

The MPASM Assembler features include:

• Integration into MPLAB IDE projects

• User-defined macros to streamline

assembly co de

• Conditional assembly for multi-purpose

sour ce fil es

• Directives that allow complete control over the

assembly process

11.3 MPLAB C18 and MPLAB C30

C Compilers

The MPLAB C18 and MPLAB C30 Code Development

Systems are complete ANSI C compilers for

Microchip’s PIC18 family of microcontrollers and

dsPIC30F family of digital signal controllers. These

compilers provide powerful integration capabilities,

superior code optimization and ease of use not found

with other compilers.

For easy source level debugging, the compilers provide

symbol info rmation tha t is optimized to the MPLAB IDE

debugger.

11.4 MPLINK Object Linker/

MPLIB Object Librari an

The MPLINK Object Linker combines relocatable

objects created by the MPASM Assembler and the

MPLAB C18 C Compiler. It can link relocatable objects

from precompiled libraries, using directives from a

linker script.

The MPLIB O bject Li brarian manag es the cre ation an d

modification of library files of precompiled code. When

a routine from a library is called from a source file , only

the modules that contain that routine will be linked in

with the application. This allows large libraries to be

used efficiently in many different applications.

The object linker/library features include:

• Efficient linking of single libraries instead of many

smaller files

• Enhanced code maintainability by grouping

related modules together

• Flexible creation of libraries with easy module

listing, replacement , deletion and extr action

11.5 MPLAB ASM30 Assembler, Linker

and Librarian

MPLAB ASM30 Assembler produces relocatable

machine code from symbolic assembly language for

dsPIC30F devices. MPLAB C30 C Compiler uses the

assembler to produce its object file. The assembler

generates relocatable object files that can then be

archived or lin ked with other relocatable ob ject files and

arch ives to c rea te an e xecu tabl e fil e. N otabl e fe atu res

of the assembler include:

• Support for the entire dsPIC30F instruction set

• Support for fixed-point and floating-point data

• Command line interface

• Rich dire cti ve set

• Flexible macro language

• MPLAB IDE compatibility

11.6 MPLAB SIM Software Simulator

The MPLAB SIM Software Simulator allows code

development in a PC-hosted environment by simulat-

ing the PICmicro MCUs and dsPIC® DSCs on an

instruction level. On any given instruction, the data

areas can be examined or modified and stimuli can be

applied from a comprehensive stimulus controller.

Registers can be logged to files for further run-time

analysis. The trace buffer and logic analyzer display

extend the power of the simulator to record and track

program execution, actions on I/O, as well as internal

registers.

The MPLAB SIM Software Simulator fully supports

symbolic debugging using the MPLAB C18 and

MPLAB C30 C Compilers, and the MPASM and

MPLAB ASM30 Assemblers. The software simulator

offers the flexibility to develop and debug code outside

of the laboratory environment, making it an excellent,

economical software development tool.

PIC16C712/716

11.7 MPLAB ICE 2000

High-Performance

In-Circui t Emu lator

The MPLAB ICE 2000 In-Circuit Emulator is intended

to provide the product development engineer with a

complete microcontroller design tool set for PICmicro

microcontrollers. Software control of the MPLAB ICE

2000 In-Circuit Emulator is advanced by the MPLAB

Integrated Development Environment, which allows

editing, building, downloading and source debugging

from a single environment.

The MPLAB ICE 2000 is a full-featured emulator

system with enhanced trace, trigger and data monitor-

ing feat ures. Interc hangeabl e proces sor modul es allow

the system to be easily reconfigured for emulation of

different processors. The architecture of the MPLAB

ICE 2000 In-Circuit Emulator allows expansion to

support new PICmicro microcontrollers.

The MPLAB ICE 2000 In-Circuit Emulator system has

been designed as a real-time emulation system with

advanced features that are typically found on more

expensive development tools. The PC platform and

Microsoft® Windows® 32-bit operating system were

chosen to best make these features available in a

simple, unified application.

11.8 MPLAB ICE 4000

High-Performance

In-Circui t Emu lator

The MPLAB ICE 4000 In-Circuit Emu lator is intende d to

provide the product development engineer with a

complete microcontroller design tool set for high-end

PICmicro MCUs and dsPIC DSCs. Software control of

the MPLAB ICE 4000 In-Circuit Emulator is provided by

the MPLAB Integrated Development Environment,

which allows editing, building, downloading and source

debugging from a single environm ent.

The MPLAB ICE 4000 is a premium emulator system,

providing the features of MPLAB ICE 2000, but with

increased emulation memory and high-speed perfor-

mance for dsPIC30F and PIC18XXXX devices. Its

advanc ed emulator fe atures inc lude complex t riggering

and timing, and up to 2 Mb of emulation memory.

The MPLAB ICE 4000 In-Circuit Emulator system has

been designed as a real-time emulation system with

advanced features that are typically found on more

expensive development tools. The PC platform and

Microsoft Windows 32-bit operating system were

chosen to best make these features available in a

simple, unified application.

11.9 MPLAB ICD 2 In-Circuit Debugger

Microchip’s In-Circuit Debugger, MPLAB ICD 2, is a

powerful, low-cost, run-time development tool,

connecting to the host PC via an RS-232 or high-speed

USB interface. This tool is based on the Flash PICmicro

MCUs and can be used to develop for these and other

PICmicro MCUs and dsPIC DSCs. The MPLAB ICD 2

utilizes the in-circuit debugging capability built into

the Flash devices. This feature, along with Microchip’s

In-Circuit Serial ProgrammingTM (ICSPTM) protocol,

offers cost-effective, in-circuit Flash debugging from the

graphical user interface of the MPLAB Integrated

Development Environment. This enables a designer to

develop and debug source code by setting breakpoint s,

single stepping and watching variables, and CPU

status and peripheral registers. Running at full speed

enables testing hardware and applications in real

time. MPLAB ICD 2 also serves as a development

programmer for selected PICmicro devices.

11.10 MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer

The MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer is a universal,

CE compliant device programmer with programmable

voltage verification at VDDMIN and VDDMAX for

maximum reliability. It features a large LCD display

(128 x 64 ) for men us an d error m essages and a m odu-

lar, detachable socket assembly to support various

pack age types. The ICSP™ cable assembly is in cluded

as a standard item. In Stand-Alone mode, the MPLAB

PM3 Devic e Programmer ca n read, verif y and program

PICmicro devices without a PC connection. It can also

set code protection in this mode. The MPLAB PM3

connects to the host PC via an RS-232 or USB cable.

The MPLAB PM3 h as high-spe ed co mmunicat ions and

optimized algorithms for quick programming of large

memory devices and in corporates an SD/MMC card for

file storage and secure data applications.

PIC16C712/716

11.11 PICSTART Plus Development

Programmer

The PICSTART Plus Development Programmer is an

easy-to-use, low-cost, prototype programmer. It

connects to the PC via a COM (RS-232) port. MPLAB

Inte grated Dev elopmen t En vironme nt so ftware makes

using the programmer simple and efficient. The

PICSTART Plus Development Programmer supports

most PICmicro devices in DIP packages up to 40 pins .

Larger pin count devices, such as the PIC16C92X and

PIC17C76 X, may be sup ported with an a dapter socket.

The PICSTART Plus Development Programmer is CE

compliant.

11.12 Demonstration, Development and

Evaluation Boards

A wide variety of demonstration, development and

evaluation boards for various PICmicro MCUs and dsPIC

DSCs allows quick application development on fully func-

tional systems. Most boards include p rototyping areas for

adding custom circuitry and provide application firmware

and source code for examination and modification.

The board s support a variety of features, including LEDs,

temperature sensors, switches, speakers, RS-232

interfaces, LCD displays, potentiometers and additional

EEPROM memory .

The demonstration and development boards can be

used in teaching environments, for prototyping custom

circuits and for learning about various microcontroller

applications.

In addition to the PICDEM™ and dsPICDEM™ demon-

stration/development board series of circuits, Microchip

has a line of evaluation kits and demonstration software

for analog filter design, KEELOQ® security ICs, CAN,

IrDA®, PowerSmart® battery management, SEEVAL®

evaluation system, Sigma-Delta ADC, flow rate

sensing, plus many more.

Check the Microchip web page (www.microchip.com)

and the latest “Product Selector Guide” (DS00148) for

the complete list of demonstration, development and

evaluation kits.

PIC16C712/716

12.0 ELECTRIC AL CHARACTERISTICS

Absolute Maximum Ratings (†)

Ambient temperature under bias.............................................................................................................-55°C to +125°C

Storage temperature.............................................................................................................................. -65°C to +150°C

Voltage on any pin with respect to VSS (except VDD, MCLR, and RA4) .........................................-0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)

Voltage on VDD with respect to VSS ......................................................................................................... -0.3V to +7.5V

Voltage on MC LR with respect to VSS (Note 2).........................................................................................0V to +13.25V

Voltage on RA4 with respect to Vss............................................................................................................... 0V to +8.5V

Total powe r dissipation (Note 1) (PDIP and SOIC)...................................................................................................1.0W

Total powe r dissipation (Note 1) (SSOP)................................................................................................................0.65W

Maximum curr ent out of VSS pin ...........................................................................................................................300 mA

Maximum curr ent into VDD pin..............................................................................................................................250 mA

Input clamp current, IIK (VI < 0 or VI > VDD)...................................................................................................................... ±20 mA

Output clamp cur rent, IOK (VO < 0 or VO > VDD).............................................................................................................. ±20 mA

Maximum output current sunk by any I/O pin..........................................................................................................25 mA

Maximum output current sourced by any I/O pin ....................................................................................................25 mA

Maximum curr ent sunk by PORTA and PORTB (combined).................................................................................200 mA

Maximum current sourced by PORTA and PORTB (combined)...........................................................................200 mA

Note 1: Power dissip ati on is ca lculated as follow s: Pdis = VDD x {IDD - ∑ IOH} + ∑ {(VDD-VOH) x IOH} + ∑(VOl x IOL)

2: V o ltage sp ikes below VSS at the MCLR/VPP pin, induc ing c urrent s g rea ter than 80 mA , ma y ca use l atch-u p.

Thus, a series resistor of 50-100Ω should be used when applying a “low” level to the MCLR/VPP pin rather

than pulling this pin directly to VSS.

† NOTICE: Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the

device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those

indicated in the operation listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for

extended periods may affect device reliability.

PIC16C712/716

FIGURE 12-1: PIC16C712/716 VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH, -40°C < TA < +125°C

FIGURE 12-2: PIC16LC7 12/7 16 VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH, 0°C < TA < +70°C

6.0

2.5

4.0

3.0

3.5

4.5

5.0

5.5

410

Frequency (MHz)

VDD

(Volts)

2.0

Note 1: The shaded region indicates the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency.

6.0

2.5

4.0

3.0

3.5

4.5

5.0

5.5

4 10

Frequency (MHz)

VDD

(Volts)

2.0

Note 1: The shaded region indicates the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency.

PIC16C712/716

12.1 DC Characteristics: PIC16C712/716-04 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended)

PIC16C712/716-20 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended)

DC CHARACTERISTICS

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)

Operating temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤+70°C for commercial

-40°C ≤ TA ≤+85°C for industrial

-40°C ≤ TA ≤+125°C for extended

Param

No. Sym. Characteristic Min. Typ† Max. Units Conditions

D001

D001A VDD Supply Voltage 4.0

4.5

VBOR*

—

5.5

XT, RC and LP osc mode

HS osc mode

BOR enabled(7)

D002* VDR RAM Data Retention Voltage(1) —1.5—V

D003 VPOR VDD St art Voltage to ensure inter-

nal Power-on Reset signal —VSS — V See section on Power-on Reset for details

D004*

D004A* SVDD VDD Rise Rate to ensure internal

Power-on Reset signal 0.05

TBD —

——

—V/ms PWRT enabled (PWRTE bit clear)

PWRT disabled (PWRTE bit set)

See section on Power-on Reset for details

D005 VBOR Brown-out Reset

voltage trip point 3.65 — 4.35 V B OD EN bit set

D010

D013 IDD Supply Current(2,5) —

—0.8

4.0 2.5

8.0 mA

mA FOSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 4.0V

FOSC = 20 MHz, VDD = 4.0V

D020

D021

D021B

IPD Power-down Current(3,5) —

—

10.5

1.5

2.5

μA

VDD = 4.0V, WDT enabled,-40°C to +85°C

VDD = 4.0V, WDT disabled, 0°C to +70°C

VDD = 4.0V, WDT disabled,-40°C to +85°C

VDD = 4.0V, WDT disabled,-40°C to +125°C

D022*

D022A* ΔIWDT

ΔIBOR

Module Different ial Current(6)

Watchdog Timer

Brown-out Reset —

—6.0

TBD 20

200 μA

μAWDTE bit set, VDD = 4.0V

BODEN bit set, VDD = 5.0V

1A FOSC LP Oscillator Operating Frequency

RC Oscillator Operating Frequency

XT Oscillator Operating Frequency

HS Oscillator Operating Frequency

—

200

KHz

MHz

All temperatures

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not

tested.

Note1: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered without losing RAM data.

2: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as I/O pin loading and

switching rate, oscillator type, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on the current

consumption.

The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:

OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD,

MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.

3: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with the

part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD and VSS.

4: For RC O sc mode, curren t throug h REXT is not includ ed. The cu rrent through t he resistor can be est imated by the f ormula

Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in k Ohm.

5: T imer1 oscillator (when enabled) adds approximately 20 μA to the specification. This value is from characterization and is for

design guidance only. This is not tested.

6: The Δ current is the additional current consumed when this peripheral is enabled. This current should be added to the base

IDD or IPD measurement.

7: This is the voltage where the device enters the Brown-out Reset. When BOR is enabled, the device will operate correctly to

this trip point.

PIC16C712/716

12.2 DC Characteristics: PIC16LC712/716-04 (Commercial, Industrial)

DC CHARACTERISTICS Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)

Operating temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤+70°C for com mercial

-40°C ≤ TA ≤+85°C for industrial

Param

No. Sym. Characteristic Min. Typ† Max. Units Conditions

D001 VDD Supply Voltage 2.5

VBOR*—

—5.5

5.5 V

V BOR enabled (Note 7)

D002* VDR RAM Data Retention Voltage(1) —1.5—V

D003 VPOR VDD Start Voltage to ensure inter-

nal Power-on Reset signal —VSS — V See section on Power-on Reset for details

D004*

D004A* SVDD VDD Rise Rate to ensure internal

Power-on Reset signal 0.05

TBD —

——

—V/ms PWRT enabled (PWRTE bit clear)

PWRT disabled (PWRTE bit set)

See section on Power-on Reset for details

D005 VBOR Bro wn- out Reset

voltage trip point 3.65 — 4.35 V BODEN bit set

D010

D010A

IDD Supply Cu r r e nt(2,5) —

—

2.0

22.5

3.8

μA

XT, RC osc modes

FOSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 3.0V (Note 4)

LP osc mode

FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled

D020

D021

D021A

IPD Power-down Current(3,5) —

—

7.5

0.9

μA

VDD = 3.0V, WDT enabled, -40°C to +85°C

VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled, 0°C to +70°C

VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled, -40°C to +85°C

D022*

D022A* ΔIWDT

ΔIBOR

Module Differential Current(6)

Watchdog Timer

Brown-out Reset —

—6.0

TBD 20

200 μA

μAWDTE bit set , VDD = 4.0V

BODEN bit set, VDD = 5.0V

1A FOSC LP Oscillator Operating Frequency

RC Oscillator Operating Frequency

XT Oscillator Operating Frequency

HS Oscillator Operating Frequency

—

200

KHz

MHz

All temperatures

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not

tested.

Note1: Th is is the limit to which VDD can be lowered without losing RAM data.

2: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as I/O pin loading and

switching rate, oscillator type, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on the current

consumption.

The test conditions for all IDD measurem ents in active operation mode are:

OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD,

MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.

3: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with the

part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD and VSS.

4: For RC Osc mode , current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated by the formula

Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in k Ohm.

5: Timer1 oscillator (when enabled) adds approximately 20 μA to the specification. This value is from characterization and is

for design guidance only. This is not tested.

6: The Δ current is the additional current consumed when this peripheral is enabled. This current should be added to the base

IDD or IPD measurement.

7: This is the voltage where the device enters the Brown-out Reset. When BOR is enabled, the device will operate correctly to

this trip point.

PIC16C712/716

12.3 DC Characteristics: PIC16C712/716-04 (Commerci al, Industrial, Extended)

PIC16C712716-20 (Commercial, Industr ial , Extended)

PIC16LC712/716-04 (Commercial, Industrial)

DC CHARACTERISTICS

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)

Operati ng tem per ature 0°C ≤ TA ≤+70°C for commercia l

-40°C ≤ TA ≤+85°C for industrial

-40°C ≤ TA ≤+125°C for extended

Operating voltage VDD range as described in DC spec Section 12.1

“DC Characteristics: PIC16C712/716-04 (Commercial, Industrial,

Extended) PIC16C712/716-20 (Commercial, Industrial,

Extended)” and Secti on 12.2 “DC Characteristics: PIC1 6LC712/

716-04 (Commercial, Industrial)”

Param

No. Sym. Characteristic Min. Typ† Max. Units Conditions

Input Low Voltage

VIL I/O ports

D030

D030A with TTL buffer VSS

VSS —

—0.8V

0.15VDD V

V4.5V ≤ VDD ≤ 5.5 V

otherwise

D031 with Schmitt Trigger buffer VSS —0.2VDD V

D032 MCLR, OSC1 (in RC mode) Vss —0.2VDD V

D033 OSC1 (in XT, HS and LP

modes) Vss —0.3VDD V(Note 1)

Input High Voltage

VIH I/O ports —

D040 with TTL buffer 2.0 —VDD V4.5V ≤ VDD ≤ 5.5V

D040A 0.25VDD

+ 0.8V —VDD Votherwise

D041 with Schmitt Trigger buffer 0.8VDD —VDD V For entire VDD range

D042 MCLR 0.8VDD —VDD V

D042A OSC1 (XT, HS and LP modes) 0.7VDD —VDD V(Note 1)

D043 OSC1 (in RC mode) 0.9VDD —VDD V

Input Leakage Current

(Notes 2, 3)

D060 IIL I/O ports ——±1μAVss ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD,

Pin at high-impedance

D061 MCLR, RA4/T0CKI ——±5μAVss ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD

D063 OSC1 ——±5μAVss ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD,

XT, HS and LP osc modes

D070 IPURB PORTB weak pull-up current 50 250 400 μAVDD = 5V, VPIN = V SS

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only

and are not tested.

Not e 1 : In RC Oscillator mode, the OSC1/CLKIN pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that the

PICmicro be driven with external clock in RC mode.

2: The leakage current on the MCL R /VPP pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The specified

levels represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input

voltages.

3: Negative current is defined as current sourced by the pin.

PIC16C712/716

Output Low Voltage

D080 VOL I/O ports ——0.6 V IOL = 8.5 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

-40°C to +85°C

——0.6 V IOL = 7.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

-40°C to +125°C

D083 OSC2/CLKOUT

(RC Osc mode) ——0.6 V IOL = 1.6 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

-40°C to +85°C

——0.6 V IOL = 1.2 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

-40°C to +125°C

Output High Voltage

D090 VOH I/O ports (Note 3) VDD-0.7 ——VIOH = -3.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

-40°C to +85°C

VDD-0.7 ——VIOH = -2.5 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

-40°C to +125°C

D092 OSC2/CLKOUT (RC Osc

mode) VDD-0.7 ——VIOH = -1.3 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

-40°C to +85°C

VDD-0.7 ——VIOH = -1.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

-40°C to +125°C

D150* VOD Open-Drain High Voltage ——8.5 V RA4 pin

Capacitive Loading Specs on

Output Pins

D100 COSC2 OSC2 pin ——15 pF In XT, HS and LP modes when

external clock is used to drive

OSC1.

D101 CIO All I/O pins and OSC2 (in RC

mode) ——50 pF

DC CHARACTERISTICS

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)

Operati ng tem per ature 0°C ≤ TA ≤+70°C for commercia l

-40°C ≤ TA ≤+85°C for industrial

-40°C ≤ TA ≤+125°C for extended

Operating voltage VDD range as described in DC spec Section 12.1

“DC Characteristics: PIC16C712/716-04 (Commercial, Industrial,

Extended) PIC16C712/716-20 (Commercial, Industrial,

Extended)” and Secti on 12.2 “DC Characteristics: PIC1 6LC712/

716-04 (Commercial, Industrial)”

Param

No. Sym. Characteristic Min. Typ† Max. Units Conditions

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only

and are not tested.

Not e 1 : In RC Oscillator mode, the OSC1/CLKIN pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that the

PICmicro be driven with external clock in RC mode.

2: The leakage current on the MCL R /VPP pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The specified

levels represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input

voltages.

3: Negative current is defined as current sourced by the pin.

PIC16C712/716

12.4 AC (Timin g) Characteristi cs

12.4.1 TIMING PARAMETER SYMBOLOGY

The timing parameter symbols have been created

using one of the following formats:

1. TppS2ppS

2. TppS

TF Frequency T Time

Lowercase letters (pp) and their meanings:

cc CCP1 osc OSC1

ck CLKOUT rd RD

cs CS rw RD or WR

di SDI sc SCK

do SDO ss SS

dt Data in t0 T0CKI

io I/O port t1 T1CKI

mc MCLR wr WR

Uppercase letters and their meanings:

SFFall PPeriod

HHigh RRise

I Invalid (High-impedance) V Valid

L Low Z High-impedance

PIC16C712/716

12.4.2 TIMING CONDITIONS

The temperature and voltages specified in Table 12-1

apply to all timing specifications, unless otherwise

noted. Figure 12-3 specifies the load conditions for the

timing specif ic ati on s.

TABLE 12-1: TEMPERATURE AND VOLTAGE SPECIFICATIONS – AC

FIGURE 12-3: LOAD CONDITIONS FOR DEVICE TIMING SPECIFICATIONS

AC CHARACTERISTICS

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)

Operating temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤+70°C for commercial

-40°C ≤ TA ≤+85°C for industrial

-40°C ≤ TA ≤+125°C for extended

Operating voltage VDD range as described in DC spec Section 12.1 “DC Characteristics:

PIC16C712/716-04 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended) PIC16C712/ 716-20 (Commerci al,

Industrial, Extended)” and S ecti on 12.2 “DC Characteristics: PIC16LC712/716-04 (Com-

mercial, Industrial)”.

LC parts operate for commercial/industrial temp’s only.

VDD/2

VSS

RL=464Ω

CL= 50 pF for all pins except OSC2/CLK OUT

15 pF for OSC2 output

Load condition 1 Load condition 2

Legend:

PIC16C712/716

12.4.3 TIMING DIAGRAMS AND SPECIFICATIONS

FIGURE 12-4: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING

TABLE 12-2: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING REQUIREMENTS

Param

No. Sym. Characteristic Min. Typ† Max. Units Conditions

1A FOSC External CLKIN Frequency

(Note 1) DC — 4 MHz RC and XT osc modes

DC — 4 MHz HS osc mode (-04)

DC — 20 MHz HS osc mode (-20)

DC — 200 kHz LP osc mode

Oscillator Frequency

(Note 1) DC — 4 MHz RC osc mode

0.1 — 4 MHz XT osc mode

4 — 20 MHz HS osc mode

5 — 200 kHz LP osc mode

OSC External CLKIN Period

(Note 1) 250 — — ns RC and XT osc modes

250 — — ns HS osc mode (-04)

50 — — ns HS osc mode (-20)

5— —μs LP osc mode

Oscillator Period

(Note 1) 250 — — ns RC osc mode

250 — 10,000 ns XT osc mode

250 — 250 ns HS osc mode (-04)

50 — 250 ns HS osc mode (-20)

5— —μs LP osc mode

CY Instruction Cycle Time (Note 1) 200 — DC ns TCY = 4/FOSC

3* TosL,

TosH External Clock in (OSC1) High or

Low Time 100 — — ns XT oscillator

2.5 — — μs LP oscillator

15 — — ns HS oscillator

4* TosR,

TosF External Clock in (OSC1) Rise or

Fall Time — — 25 ns XT oscillator

— — 50 ns LP oscillator

— — 15 ns HS oscillator

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

† Dat a i n “Typ” colu mn is a t 5 V, 25°C un les s oth erwis e stat ed . Th es e para me ters are fo r de si gn guidance on ly

and are not tested.

Note1: Instr uction cyc le peri od (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time base period. All specified values are

based on charac terizat ion dat a for tha t parti cular o scill ator type under st and ard operat ing con dition s with t he

device exe cutin g code. Ex ceedi ng thes e spec ified li mit s may result in an u nst abl e osci llator o peratio n and/or

higher th an ex pected curren t cons umption. All devices are te sted to operat e at “min.” value s with a n exte rnal

clock applied to the OSC1/CLKIN pin.

When an external clock input is used, the “Max.” cycle time limit is “DC” (no clock) for all devices.

344

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

OSC1

CLKOUT

PIC16C712/716

FIGURE 12-5: CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING

TABLE 12-3: CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING REQUIREMENTS

Param

No. Sym. Characteristic Min. Typ† Max. Units Conditions

10* TosH2ckL OSC1↑ to CLKOUT↓ — 75 200 ns Note 1

11* TosH2ckH OSC1¦ to CLKOUT¦ — 75 200 ns Note 1

12* TckR CLKOUT rise time — 35 100 ns Note 1

13* Tck F CLKOUT fall time — 35 100 ns Note 1

14* Tck L2ioV CLKO UT Ø t o Port out valid — — 0.5TCY + 20 ns Note 1

15* TioV2ckH Por t in valid before CLKOUT ¦ Tosc + 200 — — ns Note 1

16* TckH2ioI Port in hold after CLKOUT ¦ 0 — — ns Note 1

17* TosH2ioV OSC1¦ (Q1 cycle) to Port out valid — 50 150 ns

18* TosH2ioI OSC1¦ (Q2 cycle) to Port input

invalid (I/O in hold time) Standard 100 — — ns

18A* Extended (LC) 200 — — ns

19* TioV2osH Port input valid to OSC1¦ (I/O in setup time) 0 — — ns

20* TioR Port output rise time Standard — 10 40 ns

20A* Extended (LC) — — 80 ns

21* TioF Port output fall time Standard — 10 40 ns

21A* Extended (LC) — — 80 ns

22††* TINP INT pin high or low time TCY ——ns

23††* TRBP RB7:RB4 change INT high or low time TCY ——ns

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

† Dat a in “Typ” colu mn is a t 5V, 25°C unl ess ot herwise sta ted. The se p arame ters are fo r desig n guida nce on ly

and are not tested.

†† These parameters are asynchronous events not related to any internal clock edge.

Note1: Measurements are taken in RC mode where CLKOUT output is 4 x TOSC.

Note: Refer to Figure 12-3 for load conditions.

OSC1

CLKOUT

I/O Pin

(input)

I/O Pin

(output)

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3

13 14

20, 21

19 18

old value new value

PIC16C712/716

FIGURE 12-6: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER AND POWER-UP

TIMER TIMI NG

FIGURE 12-7: BROWN-OUT RESET TIMING

TABLE 12-4: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER, POWER-UP TIMER,

AND BROWN-OUT RESET REQUIREMENTS

Parameter

No. Sym. Characteristic Min. Typ† Max. Units Conditions

30 TmcL MCLR Pulse Width (low) 2 — — μsVDD = 5V, -40°C to +125°C

31* TWDT W atchdog Timer T ime-out Period

(No Prescaler) 71833ms

VDD = 5V, -40°C to +125°C

32 TOST Oscillation Start-up Timer Period — 1024 TOSC ——

TOSC = OSC1 period

33* TPWRT Power-up T imer Period 28 72 132 ms VDD = 5V, -40°C to +125°C

34 TIOZ I/O High-impedance from MCLR

Low or WDT Reset ——2.1

μs

35 TBOR Brown-out Reset Pulse Width 100 — — μsVDD ≤ BVDD (D005)

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not

tested.

VDD

MCLR

Internal

POR

PWRT

Time-out

OSC

Time-out

Internal

Reset

Watchdog

Timer

Reset

I/O Pins

Note: Refer to Figure 12-3 for load conditions.

VDD BVDD

PIC16C712/716

FIGURE 12-8: TIMER0 AND TIMER1 EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMINGS

TABLE 12-5: TIMER0 AND TIMER1 EXTERNAL CLOCK REQUIREMENTS

Param

No. Sym. Characteristic Min. Typ† Max. Units Conditions

40* T t0H T0CKI High Pulse Width No Prescaler 0.5TCY + 20 — — ns Must also meet

parameter 42

With Prescaler 10 — — ns

41* Tt0L T 0CKI Low Pulse Width No Prescaler 0.5TCY + 20 — — n s Must also meet

parameter 42

With Prescaler 10 — — ns

42* Tt0P T0CKI Period No Prescaler TCY + 40 — — ns

With Prescaler Greater of:

20 or TCY + 40

— — ns N = prescale value

(2, 4,.. ., 25 6 )

45* T t1H T1CKI High Time Synchronous, Prescaler = 10.5TCY + 20 — — ns Mu st also meet

parameter 47

Synchronous,

Prescaler =

2,4,8

Standard 15 — — ns

Extended (LC) 25 — — ns

Asynchronous Standard 30 — — ns

Extended (LC) 50 — — ns

46* Tt1L T 1CKI Low Time Synchronous, Prescaler = 10.5TCY + 20 — — ns Mu st also meet

parameter 47

Synchronous,

Prescaler =

2,4,8

Standard 15 — — ns

Extended (LC) 25 — — ns

Asynchronous Standard 30 — — ns

Extended (LC) 50 — — ns

47* Tt1P T1CKI input period Synchronous Standard Greate r of:

30 OR TCY + 40

— — ns N = prescale value

(1, 2, 4, 8)

Extended (LC) Greater of:

50 OR TCY + 40

N = prescale value

(1, 2, 4, 8)

Asynchronous Standard 60 — — ns

Extended (LC) 100 — — ns

Ft1 Timer1 oscillator input frequency range

(oscillator enabled by setti ng bit T1OSCEN) DC — 200 kHz

48 TCKEZtmr1 Delay fro m ext ernal clock edge to timer increment 2Tosc — 7Tosc —

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not

tested.

Note: Refer to Figure 12-3 for load conditions.

T0CKI

T1OSO/T1CKI

TMR0 or

TMR1

PIC16C712/716

FIGURE 12-9: CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM TIMINGS

TABLE 12-6: CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM REQUIREMENTS

Param

No. Sym. Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions

50* TccL CCP1 input low

time No Prescaler 0.5TCY + 20 — — ns

With Prescaler Standard 10 — — ns

Extended (LC) 20 — — ns

51* TccH CCP1 input high

time No Prescaler 0.5TCY + 20 — — ns

With Prescaler Standard 10 — — ns

Extended (LC) 20 — — ns

52* TccP CCP1 input period 3TCY + 40

N— — ns N = prescale value

(1,4, or 16)

53* TccR CCP1 output rise time Standard — 10 25 ns

Extended (LC) — 25 45 ns

54* TccF CCP1 output fall time Standard — 10 25 ns

Extended (LC) — 25 45 ns

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not

tested.

Note: Refer to Figure 12-3 for load conditions.

CCP1

(Capture Mode)

50 51

CCP1

53 54

(Compare or PWM Mode)

PIC16C712/716

TABLE 12-7: A/D CONVERTER CHARACTERISTICS:

PIC16C712/716-04 (COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL, EXTENDED)

PIC16C712/716-20 (COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL, EXTENDED)

PIC16LC712/716-04 (COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL)

Param

No. Sym. Characteristic Min. Typ† Max. Units Conditions

A01 NRResolution — — 8-bits bit VREF = VDD = 5.12V,

VSS £ VAIN £ VREF

A02 EABS Total Ab solu te e r ro r ——< ± 1 LSb VREF = VDD = 5.12V,

VSS £ VAIN £ VREF

A03 EIL Integral linearity error — — < ± 1 LSb VREF = VDD = 5.12V,

VSS £ VAIN £ VREF

A04 EDL Diff erential linearity error — — < ± 1 LSb VREF = VDD = 5.12V,

VSS £ VAIN £ VREF

A05 EFS Full scale error — — < ± 1 LSb VREF = VDD = 5.12V,

VSS £ VAIN £ VREF

A06 EOFF Offset error — — < ± 1 LSb VREF = VDD = 5.12V,

VSS £ VAIN £ VREF

A10 — Monotonicity — guaranteed

(Note 3) ——VSS £ VAIN £ VREF

A20 VREF Reference voltage 2.5V — VDD + 0.3 V

A25 VAIN Analog input voltage VSS - 0.3 — VREF + 0.3 V

A30 ZAIN Recommended impedance of

analog voltage source — — 10.0 kΩ

A40 IAD A/D conversion cur-

rent (VDD)Standard — 180 — μA Average current consump-

tion when A/D is on.

(Note 1)

Extended (LC) — 90 — μA

A50 IREF VREF input current (Note 2) 10

—

1000

μA

During VAIN acquisition.

Based on differential of

VHOLD to VAIN to charge

CHOLD, see Section 9.1

“Configuration Bits”.

During A/D Conversion

cycle

2: * These parameters are characterized but not tested.

3: † Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are

not tested.

Note 1: When A/D is off, it will not consume any current other than minor leakage current.

The power-down current spec includes any such leakage from the A/D module.

2: VREF current is from RA3 pin or VDD pin, whichever is selected as reference input.

3: The A/D conversion result never decreases with an increase in the Input Voltage, and has no missing codes.

PIC16C712/716

FIGURE 12-10: A/D CONVE RSION TIMING

TABLE 12-8: A/D CONVERSION REQUIREM ENTS

Param

No. Sym. Characteristic Min. Typ† Max. Units Conditions

130 TAD A/D clock perio d Standard 1.6 — — μsTOSC based, VREF ≥ 3.0V

Extended (LC) 2.0 — — μsT

OSC based, VREF full range

Standard 2.0 4.0 6.0 μs A/D RC Mode

Extended (LC) 3.0 6.0 9.0 μs A/D RC Mode

131 TCNV Conversion time (not including S/H time)

(Note 1) 11 — 11 TAD

132 TACQ Acquisition time (Note 2)

—

μs

μs The minimum time is the amplifier

settling time. This may be used if

the “new” input voltage has not

changed by more than 1 LSb (i.e.,

20.0 mV @ 5.12V) from the last

sampled voltage (as stated on

CHOLD).

134 TGO Q4 to A/D clock start — TOSC/ 2 § — — If the A/D clock source is selected

as RC, a time of TCY is added

before the A/D clock starts. This

allows the SLEEP instruction to be

executed.

135 TSWC Switching from convert Æ sample time 1.5 § — — TAD

:* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

:† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not

tested.

:§ This specification ensured by design.

Note 1: ADRES register may be read on the following TCY cycle.

2: See Section 9.1 “Configuration Bits” for min. conditions.

131

130

132

BSF ADCON0, GO

A/D CLK

A/D DATA

ADRES

ADIF

SAMPLE

OLD_DATA

SAMPLING STOPPED

DONE

NEW_DATA

(TOSC/2) (1)

7 6543210

Note1: If the A/D clock source is selected as RC, a time of TCY is added before the A/D clock starts. This

allows the SLEEP instruction to be executed.

1 Tc y

134

PIC16C712/716

NOTES:

PIC16C712/716

13.0 PACKAGING INFORMATION

13.1 Package Marking Information

*Standard OTP marking consists of Microchip part number, year code, week code, facility code, mask

rev#, and assembly code. For OTP marking beyond this, certain price adders apply. Please check with

your Microchip Sales Office. For QTP devices, any special marking adders are included in QTP price.

18-Lead PDIP

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

YYWWNNN

Example

PIC16C716-04/P

0510017

XXXXXXXX

18-Lead CERDIP Windowed

XXXXXXXX

YYWWNNN

PIC16C

Example

716/JW

0510017

18-Lead SOIC (.300”)

XXXXXXXXXXXX

YYWWNNN

Example

PIC16C712-20

/SO 0510017

20-Lead SSOP

XXXXXXXXXXX

YYWWNNN

Example

PIC16C712

-20I/SS

0510017

Legend: XX...X Customer-specific information

Y Year code (last digit of calendar year)

YY Year code (last 2 digits of calendar year)

WW Week code (week of January 1 is week ‘01’)

NNN Alphanumeric traceability code

Pb-free JEDEC designator for Matte Tin (Sn)

*This pa ckage is Pb-free. The Pb-free JEDEC designator ( )

can be found on the outer packaging for this package.

Note: In the ev ent the fu ll Micr ochip p art num ber cann ot be marked on one lin e, it will

be carried over to the next line, thus limiting the number of available

characters for customer-specific information.

PIC16C712/716

13.2 Package Details

The following sections give the technical details of the

packages.

18-Lead Plastic Dual In-line (P) – 300 mil (PDIP)

1510515105

Mold Draft Angle Bottom 1510515105

Mold Draft Angle Top 10.929.407.87.430.370.310

Overall Row Spacing § 0.560.460.36.022.018.014BLower Lead Width 1.781.461.14.070.058.045

Upper Lead Width 0.380.290.20.015.012.008

Lead Thickness 3.433.303.18.135.130.125LTip to Seating Plane 22.9922.8022.61.905.898.890DOverall Len gth 6.606.356.10.260.250.240E1Molded Package Width 8.267.947.62.325.313.300EShoulder to Should er Wi dth 0.38.015A1Base to Seating Plane 3.683.302.92.145.130.115A2Molded Package Thickness 4.323.943.56.170.155.140ATop to Seating Plane 2.54

.100

Pitch 1818

Number of Pins MAXNOMMINMAXNOMMINDimen sion Li mits MILLIMETERSINCHES*Units

* Controlling Parameter

Notes:

Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed

.010” (0.254mm) per side.

JEDEC Equivalent: MS-001

Drawing No. C04-007

§ Significant Characteristic

PIC16C712/716

18-Lead Plasti c Small Outline (SO) – Wide, 300 mil (SOIC)

Foot A ngle φ048048

1512015120

Mold Draft Angle Bottom 1512015120

Mold Draft Angle Top 0.510.420.36.020.017.014BLead Width 0.300.270.23.012.011.009

Lead Thicknes s

1.270.840.41.050.033.016LFoot Length 0.740.500.25.029.020.010hChamfer Distance 11.7311.5311.33.462.454.446DOverall Length 7.597.497.39.299.295.291E1Mold ed Packag e Width 10.6710.3410.01.420.407.394EOverall Width 0.300.200.10.012.008.004A1Standoff § 2.392.312.24.094.091.088A2M ol d ed Packag e Thick ness 2.642.502.36.104.099.093AOverall Height 1.27.050

Pitch 1818

Number of Pins MAXNOMMINMAXNOMMINDimension Limits MILLIMETERSINCHES*Units

45°

* Controlling Parameter

Notes:

Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed

.010” (0.254mm) per side.

JEDEC Equivalent: MS-013

Drawing No. C04-051

§ Significant Characteristic

PIC16C712/716

18-Lead Ceramic Dual In-line with Window (J W) – 300 mil (CERDIP)

3.30 3.56 3.81

5.335.084.83.210.200.190W2Window Length .150.140.130

Wi ndow Width 10.809.788.76.425.385.345

Overall Row Spacing § 0.530.470.41.021.019.016BLower Lead Width 1.521.401.27.060.055.050B1Upper Lead Width 0.300.250.20.012.010.008

Lead Thickness 3.813.493.18.150.138.125LTip to Seating Plane 23.3722.8622.35.920.900.880DOverall Length 7.497.377.24.295.290.285E1Cera mic Pkg . Width 8.267.947.62.325.313.300EShoulder to Shoulder Width 0.760.570.38.030.023.015A1Standoff 4.194.063.94.165.160.155

Ceramic Package Height 4.954.644.32.195.183.170A

Top to Seating Plane 2.54.100

Pitch 1818

Number of Pins MAXNOMMINMAXNOMMINDimension Limi ts MILLIMETERSINCHES*Units

* Controlling Parameter

§ Significant Characteristic

JEDEC Equivalent: MO-036

Drawing No. C04-010

PIC16C712/716

20-Lead Plasti c Shrink Small Outline (SS) – 209 mil, 5.30 mm (SSOP)

10501050

Mold Draft Angle Bottom 10501050

Mold Draft Angle Top 0.380.320.25.015.013.010BLead Width 203.20101.600.00840

Foot Angle 0.250.180.10.010.007.004

Lead Thickness 0.940.750.56.037.030.022LFoot Length 7.347.207.06.289.284.278DOverall Length 5.385.255.11.212.207.201E1Molded Package Width 8.187.857.59.322.309.299EOverall Width 0.250.150.05.010.006.002A1Standoff § 1.831.731.63.072.068.064A2Molded Package Thickness 1.981.851.73.078.073.068AOverall Height 0.65.026

Pitch 20

Number of Pins MAXNOMMINMAXNOMMINDimension Limits MILLIMETERSINCHES*Units

* Controlling Parameter

Notes:

Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed

.010” (0.254mm) per side.

JEDEC Equivalent: MO-150

Drawing No. C04-072

§ Significant Characteristic

PIC16C712/716

NOTES:

PIC16C712/716

APPENDIX A: REVISION HISTORY

APPENDIX B: CONVERSION

CONSIDERATIONS

There are no previous versions of this device.

APPENDIX C: MIGRATION FROM

BASE-LINE TO

MID-RANGE DEVICES

This section discusses how to migrate from a baseline

device (i.e., PIC16C5X) to a mid-range device (i.e.,

PIC16CXXX).

The following are the list of modifications over the

PIC16C5X mi cro con trol ler family:

1. Instruction word length is increased to 14-bits.

This allows larger page sizes both in program

memory (2K now as oppose d to 512 befor e) and

before).

2. A PC high latch register (PCLATH) is added to

handle program memory paging. Bits P A2, PA1,

PA0 are removed from STATUS register.

3. Data memory paging is redefined slightly.

STATUS register is modified.

4. Four new instructions have been added:

RETURN, RETFIE, ADDLW, and SUBLW.

Two instructions TRIS and OPTION are being

phased out although they are kept for compati-

bility with PIC16C5 X.

5. OPTION_REG and TRIS registers are made

addressable.

6. Interrupt capability is added. Interrupt vector is

at 0004h.

7. Stack size is increased to 8 deep.

8. Reset vector is changed to 0000h.

9. Reset of all registers is revisited. Five different

Reset (and wake-up) types are recognized.

Registers are reset differently.

10. Wake-up from Sleep through interrupt is added .

11. Two separate timers, Oscillator Start-up Timer

(OST) and Power-up Timer (PWRT) are

included for more reliable power-up. These

timers are i nvok ed s electi vely to a void unne ces-

sary delays on power-up and wake-up.

12. PORTB has weak pull-ups and interrupt on

change fea ture.

13. T0CKI pin is also a port pin (RA4) now.

14. FSR is made a full eight-bit register.

15. “In-cir cuit serial pr ogramming” is m ade possible.

The use r can pro gram PIC16CXX devices using

only five pins: VDD, VSS, MCLR/VPP, RB6 (clock)

and RB7 (data in/out).

16. PCON STATUS register is added with a Power-

on Reset Status bit (POR).

17. Code protection scheme is enhanced such that

portions of the program memory can be

protected, while the remainder is unprotected.

18. Brown-out protection circuitry has been added.

Controlled by Configuration Word bit BODEN.

Brown-ou t Reset ensures th e device is placed in

a Reset condition if VDD dips below a fixed

setpoint.

To convert code written for PIC16C5X to PIC16CXXX,

the user should take the following steps:

1. Remove any program memory page select

operations (P A2, P A1, P A0 bits) for CALL, GOTO.

2. Revisit any computed jump operations (write to

PC or add to PC, etc.) to make sure page bits

are set properly under the new scheme.

3. Eliminate any data memory page switching.

Redefine data variables to reallocate them.

4. Verify all writes to STATUS, OPTION, and FSR

registers since these have changed.

5. Change Reset vector to 0000h.

Version Date Revision Description

A 2/99 This is a new data sheet. How-

ever , the devices described in this

dat a sh eet are the upg rad es to

the devices found in the

PIC16C6X Dat a Shee t ,

DS30234, and the PIC16C7X

Data Sheet, DS30390.

B 9/05 Removed Preliminary Status.

PIC16C712/716

NOTES:

© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc. DS41106B-page 97
PIC16C712/716
INDEX
A
A/D..................................................................................... 45
A/D Converter Enable (ADIE Bit)............................... 16
A/D Converter Flag (ADIF Bi t) ......... ................... . 17, 47
A/D Converter Interr u pt, Configuring  ............... ..........47
ADCON0 Register................................................ 11, 45
ADCON1 Register.......................................... 12, 45, 46
ADRES Register ............................................11, 45, 47
Analog  Port Pins, Config u ring........ ................... ......... 49
Block Diag ram......... ....................... ....................... ..... 47
Block Diagram, Analog Input Model ........................... 48
Channel Select (CHS2:CHS0 Bits)........................... . 45
Clock Select (ADCS1:ADCS0 Bits)............................ 45
Configuring the Module.............................................. 47
Conversio n  Clo ck  (T a d).......... ................... ................ 49
Conversion Status (GO/DONE Bit)...................... 45, 47
Conversions............................................................... 50
Converter Characteristics .......................................... 86
Module On/Off (ADON Bit)......................................... 45
Port Configuration Control (PCFG2:PCFG0 Bits)...... 46
Sampling Requirements......................... .. .. ....... .... .. .. . 48
Special Event Trigger (CCP)................................ 41, 50
Timing Dia g r a m............... ........................... ................ 87
Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................... 73
ADCON0 Register........................................................ 11, 45
ADCS1:ADCS0  Bits......................... .......................... 45
ADON Bit ................................................................... 45
CHS2:CHS0 Bits................... ................................ ..... 45
GO/DONE Bit ....................................................... 45, 47
ADCON1 Register ..................................................12, 45, 46
PCFG2: PCFG0  Bits............................. ...................... 46
ADRES Register ....................................................1 1, 45, 47
Analog-to-Digital Converter. See A/D Architecture
PIC16C712/716 Block Diagram................................... 5
Assembler
MPASM Assembler.................................................... 70
B
Banking, Data Memory ................................................ 10, 13
BOR. See Brown-out Reset
Brown-Out Reset (BOR).................................................... 55
Brown-out Reset (BOR)................................... 51, 54, 58, 59
BOR Enable (BODEN Bit).......................................... 52
BOR Status  (BO R  Bit)....... ......................................... 18
Timing Dia g r a m............... ........................... ................ 83
C
C Compilers
MPLAB C18................................. .............................. 70
MPLAB C30................................. .............................. 70
Capture (CCP Module) ...................................................... 40
Block Diag ram......... ....................... ....................... ..... 40
CCP Pin Configuration............................................... 40
CCPR1H:CCPR1L Registers..................................... 40
Changing Between Capture Prescalers................ .... . 40
Softwa re In terrupt........................ ........................... ... 40
Timer1 Mode Selection ..............................................40
Capture/Compare /P WM ( CCP)....... ............... ................... . 39
Capture Mode. See Capture
CCP1CON Register............................................. 11, 39
CCPR1H Register................................................ 11, 39
CCPR1L Register ................................................ 11, 39
Compare Mode. See Compare
Enable (CCP1IE Bit)..................................................  16
Flag (CCP1IF Bit)......................................................  17
PWM Mode. See PW M
Timer Resources.......................................................  39
Timing Dia g ram.... ........................... ..........................  85
CCP1CON Regis te r............ ....................... ....................... .  39
CCP1M3:CCP1 M0 Bits .............................. ...............  39
CCP1X:CCP1Y Bits........... ........................... .............  39
Code Protection...........................................................  51, 65
CP1:CP0 Bits...... ........................... ............................  52
Compare (CCP Module)....................................................  41
Block Diag ram ..... ................... ........................... ........ 41
CCP Pin Configuration ..............................................  41
CCPR1H:CCPR1L Registers ....................................  41
Softwar e  In terrup t................ ............................... .......  41
Special Event Trigger....................................  34, 41, 50
Timer1 Mode Selection ..............................................  41
Configuration Bits..............................................................  51
Conversi o n  Consid e rati o n s .... ........................ .................... 95
Customer Change Notification Service ............................ 101
Custome r Notificatio n Se rvice.......................... ...............  101
Customer Support............................ .... .... .... ........... .... .....  101
D
Data Memor y........ ........................... ........................... .......  10
Bank Select (RP1:RP0 Bits) ................................ 10, 13
General Purpose Registers .......................................  10
Register File Map .............. ....................... .................  10
Special Function Registers........................................  11
DC Characteristics.......................................................  75, 77
Development Support ........................................................ 69
Direct Add ressing  .................. ............................ ................ 20
E
Electrical Characteristics...................................................  73
Errata ................................................................................... 3
External Power-on Reset Circuit........................................  55
F
Family of Devices
PIC16C7XX.................................................................  2
Firmware Instructions ........................................................  67
I
I/O Ports ........ .................................... ................................  21
ID Locations.................................................................  51, 65
In-Circuit Serial Programming™ (ICSP™)...................  51, 65
Indirect Addressing............................................................  20
FSR Register.................................................  10, 11, 20
INDF Register............................................................  11
Instruction Format..............................................................  67
Instruction Set....................................................................  67
Summary Ta b l e...... ....................... ............................  68
INT In t e rr up t (RB0/INT) .  See Interrupt Sources
INTCON Register.........................................................  11, 15
GIE Bi t.......................................................... .............  15
INTE Bi t..................................... ................................  15
INTF Bit ........ ........................... ............................... ...  15
PEIE Bi t......................................... ............................  15
RBIE Bit.....................................................................  15
RBIF Bit...............................................................  15, 24
T0IE Bi t............... ............................................ ...........  15
T0IF Bit.. ....................... ................................ .............  15
Inter n e t Ad d ress....... ............................... ......................... 101

PIC16C712/716
DS41106B-page 98 © 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
Interrupt Sources.......................................................... 51, 61
A/D Conversion Complete ......................................... 47
Block Diag ram....................... ........................... ...........61
Capture Comple te (CCP)........ ............... .............. .......40
Compare Complete (CCP)......................................... 41
Interrupt-on-Change (RB7: RB4 ) ............................... 24
RB0/INT Pin, External................................................ 62
TMR0 Overflow.................................................... 30, 62
TMR1 Overflow.................................................... 31, 34
TMR2 to PR2 Match  ..................................................37
TMR2 to PR2 Match (PWM) ................................ 36, 42
Inter rupts, Co n te x t Sa ving Durin g  ............. .........................62
Interrupts, Enable Bits
A/D Converter Enable (ADIE Bit)............................... 16
CCP1 Enable (CCP1IE Bit) .................................. 16, 40
Global Interrupt Enable (GIE Bit) ......................... 15, 61
Interrupt-on-Change (RB7:RB4) Enable 
(RBIE Bit)..................................................... 15, 62
Peripheral Interrupt Enable (PEIE Bit) ....................... 15
RB0/INT Enable (INTE Bit) ........................................ 15
TMR0 Overflow Enable (T0IE Bit).............................. 15
TMR1 Overflow Enable (TMR1IE Bit) ........................16
TMR2 to PR2 Match Enable (TMR2IE Bit) ................ 16
Interrupts, Flag Bits
A/D Converter Flag (ADIF Bi t) .... ........... .............. 17, 47
CCP1  F l a g  (CCP1 I F Bi t)...... ...... .. ..... ...... .. ..... 1 7 , 4 0 , 41
Interrupt-on-Change (RB7:RB4) Flag 
(RBIF Bit).................... ........................... 15, 24, 62
RB0/INT Flag (INTF Bit) ............................................. 15
TMR0 Overflow Flag (T0IF Bit)............................ 15, 62
TMR1 Overflow Flag (TMR1IF Bit) ............................ 17
TMR2  to  PR 2  M a t c h  F la g  (TMR 2 IF  B i t).......... ...... . .... 17
M
Master Clear (MCLR)
MCLR Reset, Normal Operat io n................ .... 54, 58, 59
MCLR Reset, Slee p... ............................ .................... 59
MCLR Reset, Slee p... ............................ .............. 54, 58
Memory Organization
Data Memor y ..... ............... ....................... .................. 10
Program Memory ......................................................... 9
Microc h i p  In ternet  Web Site........................... .................. 101
MPLAB ASM30 Assembler, Linker, Librarian .................... 70
MPLAB ICD 2 In-Circuit Debugger..................................... 71
MPLAB ICE 2000 High-Performance Universal 
In-Circuit Emulator ..................................................... 71
MPLAB ICE 4000 High-Performance Universal 
In-Circuit Emulator ..................................................... 71
MPLAB Integrated Development Environment Software ... 69
MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer...................................... 71
MPLINK Object Linker/MPLIB Object Librarian ................. 70
O
OPCODE Field Descriptions.............................................. 67
OPTION_REG Register............................................... 12, 14
INTEDG Bi t............................. ................................ ... 14
PS2:PS0 Bits ....................................................... 14, 29
PSA Bit................................................................. 14, 29
RBPU Bit........ ........................... ................................ . 14
T0CS Bit............................................................... 14, 29
T0SE Bit................................................................14, 29
Oscillator Configuration................................................ 51, 53
HS........................................................................ 53, 58
LP......................................................................... 53, 58
RC.................................................................. 53, 54, 58
Selection (FOSC1:FOSC0 Bits)................................. 52
XT........................................................................  53, 58
Oscillator, Timer1.........................................................  31, 34
Oscillator, WDT..................................................................  63
P
Packaging..........................................................................  89
Details........................................................................  90
Pagin g , Progra m Mem o ry................................ ..............  9, 19
PCON Register............................................................  18, 58
BOR Bit......................................................................  18
POR Bit......................................................................  18
PICSTART Plus Development Programmer......................  72
PIE1 Register...............................................................  12, 16
ADIE Bit.....................................................................  16
CCP1IE Bit ............. ............................................ .......  16
TMR1IE Bit................................................................ 16
TMR2IE Bit................................................................ 16
Pin Functions
MCLR/VPP ...................................................................  6
RA0/AN0......................................................................  6
RA1/AN1......................................................................  6
RA2/AN2......................................................................  6
RA3/AN3/VREF.............................................................  6
RA4/T0CKI ..................................................................  6
RB0/INT.......................................................................  7
RB1..............................................................................  7
RB2..............................................................................  7
RB3..............................................................................  7
RB4..............................................................................  7
RB5..............................................................................  7
RB6..............................................................................  7
RB7..............................................................................  7
VDD..............................................................................  7
VSS ..............................................................................  7
Pinout Descriptions
PIC16C712/716 Pinout Description.............................  6
PIR1 Register ..............................................................  11, 17
ADIF Bi t....................................... ..............................  17
CCP1IF Bit....... ................................ ..........................  17
TMR1IF Bit.................................................................  17
TMR2IF Bit ................................................................. 17
Pointer, FSR......................................................................  20
POR. See Power-on Reset
PORTA
Initialization................................................................  21
PORTA Register..................................................  11, 21
RA3:RA0 Port Pins.................................................... 21
RA4/T0CKI Pin..... .................. ................... ................  22
TRISA Register .................................................... 12, 21
PORTB
Block Diagram of RB1/T1OSO/T1CKI Pin .................  24
Block Diagram of RB2/T10SI Pin...............................  25
Block Diagram of RB3/CCP1 Pin ............................... 25
Initialization................................................................  23
PORTB Register..................................................  11, 23
Pull-up Enable (RBPU Bit) .........................................  14
RB0/INT Edge Select (INTEDG Bit) ..........................  14
RB0/INT Pin, External................................................  62
RB3:RB0 Port Pins.................................................... 23
RB7:RB4 Interrupt-on-Change ..................................  62
RB7:RB4 Interrupt-on-Change Enable (RBIE Bit) 15, 62
RB7:RB4 Interrupt-on-Change Flag 
(RBIF Bit)...............................................  15, 24, 62
RB7:RB4 Port Pins.................................................... 26
TRISB Register .................................................... 12, 23

© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc. DS41106B-page 99
PIC16C712/716
PORTC
TRISC Register....................... ............................ ....... 12
Postscaler, Timer2
Select (TOUTPS3:TOUTPS0 Bits) ........ . ................... 36
Postscaler, WDT................................................................ 29
Assignment (PS A Bit) ...................... .................... 14, 29
Block Diag ram......... ....................... ........................... . 30
Rate Select (PS2:PS0 Bits) ................................. 14, 29
Switching Between Timer0 and WDT..................... ... 30
Power-down Mode. See Sleep
Power-on  Res et (POR).......................... .... 51, 54, 55, 58,  59
Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)........................... 51, 55
POR Status  (PO R  Bit)....... ......................................... 18
Power Contro l (PCON) Register.... .......... ............... ... 58
Power-down (PD Bit) ........................................... 13, 54
Power-on  R e se t C i r cu i t, Exte rn a l.... ...... ...... .. ..... .. ...... 55
Power-up  Tim e r ( PWRT)............................. ........ 51, 55
PWRT Enable (PWRTE Bit)....................................... 52
Time-o ut (TO Bit)................................................. 13, 54
Time-out Sequence................................ .. .... ....... .... ... 57
Time-out Sequence on Power-up.............................. 60
Timing Dia g r a m............... ........................... ................ 83
Presca le r, Capture..... ............... ........................... .............. 40
Presca le r, Timer0....... ................... ....................... .............. 29
Assignment (PS A Bit) ...................... .................... 14, 29
Block Diag ram......... ....................... ....................... ..... 30
Rate Select (PS2:PS0 Bits) ................................. 14, 29
Switching Between Timer0 and WDT..................... ... 30
Presca le r, Timer1....... ................... ....................... .............. 32
Select (T1CKPS1:T1CKPS0 Bits).............................. 31
Presca le r, Timer2....... ................... ....................... .............. 42
Select (T2CKPS1:T2CKPS0 Bits).............................. 36
Product Identification System .......................................... 103
Program Counter
PCL Register........................................................ 11, 19
PCLATH Register ...................... .................. .. 11, 19, 62
Reset Conditions............... ................... ................... ... 58
Program Memory ................................................................. 9
Inter rupt Vec to r ................ ............................................9
Paging .................................................................... 9, 19
Program Memory Map................................................. 9
Reset Vec to r............. ............................... .................... 9
Program Verification .......................................................... 65
Programming, Device Instructions..................................... 67
PWM (CCP Module) .......................................................... 42
Block Diag ram......... ....................... ....................... ..... 42
CCPR1H:CCPR1L Registers..................................... 42
Duty Cycle............. ....................... ....................... ....... 42
Example Frequencies/Resolutions . ........................... 43
Output Dia g ram......... ........................... ...................... 42
Period......................................................................... 42
Set-Up for PWM Operation........................................ 43
TMR2 to PR2 Match  ............................................36, 42
TMR2 to PR2 Match Enable (TMR2IE Bit) ................ 16
TMR2 to PR2 Match Flag (TMR2IF Bit) .....................17
Q
Q-Clock.............................................................................. 42
R
RAM. See Data Memory
Reader Response............................................................ 104
Register File....... ............... ................... ....................... ....... 10
Register File Map............ ....................... ....................... ..... 10
Reset ............................................................................51, 54
Block Diag ram......... ....................... ........................... . 56
Brown-out Reset (BOR). See Brown-out Reset (BOR)
MCLR Reset. See MCLR
Power-on Reset (POR). See Power-on Reset (POR)
Reset Conditions for All Registers.............................  59
Reset Conditions for PCON Register . .......................  58
Reset Conditions for Program Counter  ..................... 58
Reset Conditions for STATUS Register  . ................... 58
Timing Dia g ram ..... ................... ....................... .......... 83
WDT Reset. See Watchdog Timer (WDT)
Revision History ................................................................. 95
S
Sleep .................................................................................  64
Sleep ...........................................................................  51, 54
Softwar e  Simulat or (MPLAB SIM).................. ...................  70
Special Event Trigger. See Compare
Special Features of the CPU.............................................  51
Special Function Registers................................................  11
Speed, Operating ................................................................  1
Stack..................................................................................  19
STATUS Register..................................................  11, 13, 62
C Bit ........................................................................... 13
DC Bit........................................................................  13
IRP Bit ....................................... ............................... .  13
PD Bit ..................................................................  13, 54
RP1:RP0 Bits...... ........................... ............................  13
TO Bit ..................................................................  13, 54
Z Bit....... ................................ ................................... .  13
T
T1CON Register..........................................................  11, 31
T1CKPS1:T1CKPS0 Bits............. ..............................  31
T1OSCEN Bi t .................................. ..........................  31
T1SYNC Bit......................................... ......................  31
TMR1CS Bit....................... ....................... .................  31
TMR1ON Bit..............................................................  31
T2CON Register..........................................................  11, 36
T2CKPS1:T2CKPS0 Bits............. ..............................  36
TMR2ON Bit .............................................................. 36
TOU TPS3:TOUTPS 0  Bi ts .... ...... .. ...... ..... .. ...... ...... .. ..  3 6
Timer0 ...............................................................................  29
Block Diag ram ..... ................... ........................... ........ 29
Clock Source Edge Select (T0SE Bit) ... ..............  14, 29
Clock Source Select (T0CS Bit) ..........................  14, 29
Overflow Enable (T0IE Bit)........................................  15
Overflow  Fla g  (T0IF Bi t) ........ ..............................  15, 62
Overflow  In terrupt ......................... ....................... 30, 62
Prescaler. See Prescaler, Timer0
Timing Dia g ram.... ........................... ..........................  84
TMR0 Register ..........................................................  11
Timer1 ...............................................................................  31
Block Diag ram.... ....................... ........................... .....  32
Capacitor Selection ...................................................  34
Clock Source Select (TMR1CS Bit)...........................  31
Extern a l  Cl o ck  Input Syn c (T1 S YN C Bi t )  .. .. .. ...... ...... . 31
Module On/Off (TMR1ON Bit) ...................................  31
Oscillator. .............................................................  31, 34
Oscillato r Enabl e (T1OSCEN Bit) .......... ...... .......... .... 31
Overflow Enable (TMR1IE Bit) ..................................  16
Overflow  Fla g  (T MR1 IF Bit)............. ....................... ...  17
Overflow Interrupt................................................  31, 34
Prescaler. See Prescaler, Timer1
Special Event Trigger (CCP)...............................  34, 41
T1CON Register..................................................  11, 31
Timing Dia g ram.... ........................... ..........................  84
TMR1H Register..................................................  11, 31

PIC16C712/716
DS41106B-page 100 © 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
TMR1L Register................................................... 11, 31
Timer2
Block Diag ram................... ....................... .................. 36
Postscaler. See Postscaler, Timer2
PR2 Register ..................................................12, 36, 42
Prescaler. See Prescaler, Timer2
T2CON Register .................................................. 11, 36
TMR2 Register..................................................... 11, 36
TMR2 to PR2 Match Enable (TMR2IE Bit) ................ 16
TMR2 to PR2 Match Flag (TMR2IF Bit) .....................17
TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt........................ 36, 37, 42
Timing Diagrams
Time-out Sequence on Power-up  ..............................60
Wake-up from Sleep via Interrupt ...............................65
Timing Diagrams and Specifications............................ ...... 81
A/D Conversion......................... ................... .............. 87
Brown-out Reset (BOR)............................................. 83
Capture/Compare /P WM ( CCP)....... ........... ................ 85
CLKOUT and I/O ........................................................82
External Clock ............................................................81
Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)............. ...... ...... ....... . 83
Power-up  Timer (PWRT) ......................... .................. 83
Reset.......................................................................... 83
Timer0 and Timer1..................................................... 84
Watchdog Timer (WDT)............................................. 83
W
W Register... ........................... ........................... ................  62
Wake-up from Sleep.......................................................... 51
Wake-up from Sleep.......................................................... 64
Interrupts .............................................................  58, 59
MCLR Reset......................... ............................ .........  59
Timing Dia g ram ........ ........................... ......................  65
WDT Reset ..... ................... ....................... ................. 59
Watchdog Timer (WDT).............................................. .  51, 63
Block Diag ram ........ ....................... ....................... .....  63
Enable (WDTE Bit) ..............................................  52, 63
Postscaler. See Postscaler, WDT
Program ming  Co n side r a tions...................... ..............  63
RC Oscillator..............................................................  63
Time-o u t Pe riod............ .............................................  63
Timing Dia g ram ........ ........................... ......................  83
WDT Reset, Normal Operation ...................... 54, 58, 59
WDT Reset, Sleep.........................................  54, 58, 59
WWW Addres s ......................... .......................................  101
WWW, On-Line Support......................................................  3

PIC16C712/716

THE MICROCHIP WEB SITE

Microc hip pro vides onl ine s upport v ia our W WW site at

www.microchip.com . Thi s web si te i s us ed as a m ean s

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PIC16C712/716

READER RESPONSE

It is ou r intent io n to pro vi de you w it h th e b es t docume nta tion po ss ib le to e ns ure succ es sfu l u se of y ou r M ic roc hip prod-

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DS41106BPIC16C712/716

1. What are the best features of this document?

2. How does this document meet your hardware and software development needs?

3. Do you find the organization of this document easy to follow? If not, why?

4. What additions to the document do you think would enhance the structure and subject?

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PIC16C712/716

PIC16C712/716 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM

To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office.

* JW Devices are UV er asable and can be programm ed to any device configuration . JW Devices meet the electrical requirem ent of

each oscillator type (including LC devices).

Sales and Support

PART NO. -XX X/XX XXX

PatternPackageTemperature

Range

Frequency

Range

Device

Device: PIC16C712(1), PIC16C712T(2);VDD range 4.0V to 5.5V

PIC16LC712(1), PIC16LC712T(2);VDD range 2.5V to 5.5V

PIC16C716(1), PIC16C716T(2);VDD range 4.0V to 5.5V

PIC16LC716(1), PIC16LC716T(2);VDD range 2.5V to 5.5V

Frequency Range: 04 = 4 MHz

20 = 20 MHz

Temperature

Range: blank = 0°C to 70°C (Commercial)

I= -40°C to +85°C (Industrial)

E= -40°C to +125°C (Extended)

Package: JW = Win dowed CERDIP

SO = SOIC

P=PDIP

SS = SSOP

Pattern: QTP, SQTP, Code or Special Requirements

(blank otherwise)

Examples:

a) PIC16C716 – 04/P 301 = Commercial temp.,

PDIP package, 4 MHz, normal VDD limits, QTP

pattern #301.

b) PIC16LC712 – 04I/SO = Industrial temp., SOIC

package, 200 kHz, Extend ed VDD limits.

c) PIC16C712 – 20I/P = Industrial temp., PDIP

package, 20MHz, nor mal V DD limits.

Note 1: C = CMOS

LC = Low Power CMOS

2: T = in tape and reel – SOIC, SSOP

packages only.

3: LC extended temperature device is not

offered.

4: LC is not offered at 20 MHz

Data Sheets

Products supported by a preliminary Data Sheet may have an errata sheet describing minor operational differences and recom-

mended workarounds. To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please contact one of the following:

1. Your local Microchip sales office

2. The Microchip Corporate Literature Center U.S. FAX: (480) 786-7277

3. The Microchip Worldwide Site (www.micr ochip.com)

Please specify which device, revision of silicon and Dat a Sheet (include Literature #) you are using.

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08/24/05