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LT3033
14
Rev. A
For more information www.analog.com
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
noise decreases to 60μVRMS when the output voltage is
set to 1.2V by a 50μA feedback resistor divider. If the cur-
rent in the feedback resistor divider is doubled, CFF must
also be doubled to achieve equivalent noise performance.
Higher values of output voltage noise are often measured
if care is not exercised with regard to circuit layout and
testing. Crosstalk from nearby traces induces unwanted
noise onto the LT3033’s output. Power supply ripple rejec-
tion must also be considered. The LT3033 regulator does
not have unlimited power supply rejection and will pass
a small portion of the input noise through to the output.
Using a feedforward capacitor (CFF) from VOUT to the ADJ
pin has the added benefit of improving transient response
for output voltages greater than 0.2V. With no feedforward
capacitor, the settling time will increase as the output volt-
age is raised above 0.2V (see Transient Response in the
Typical Performance Characteristics section).
During start-up, the internal reference soft-starts if a refer-
ence bypass capacitor is present. Regulator start-up time
is directly proportional to the size of the bypass capaci-
tor, slowing to 0.5ms with a 10nF bypass capacitor (See
Start-Up Time in the Typical Performance Characteristics
section). The reference bypass capacitor is actively pulled
low during shutdown to reset the internal reference.
Start-up time is also affected by the use of a feedforward
capacitor. Start-up time is directly proportional to the size
of the feedforward capacitor and output voltage, and is
inversely proportional to the feedback resistor divider cur-
rent, slowing to 0.4ms with a 10nF feedforward capacitor
and a 10μF output capacitor for an output voltage set to
1.2V by a 50μA feedback resistor divider.
Input Capacitance and Stability
The LT3033 design is stable with a minimum of 10μF
capacitor placed at the IN pin. Very low ESR ceramic
capacitors may be used. However, in cases where long
wires connect the power supply to the LT3033’s input and
ground, use of low value input capacitors combined with
an output load current of greater than 20mA may result
in instability. The resonant LC tank circuit formed by the
wire inductance and the input capacitor is the cause and
not a result of LT3033 instability.
The self-inductance, or isolated inductance, of a wire
is directly proportional to its length. However, the wire
diameter has less influence on its self-inductance. For
example, the self-inductance of a 2-AWG isolated wire
with a diameter of 0.26" is about half the inductance of a
30-AWG wire with a diameter of 0.01". One foot of 30-AWG
wire has 465nH of self-inductance.
Several methods exist to reduce a wire’s self-inductance.
One method divides the current flowing towards the
LT3033 between two parallel conductors. In this case,
placing the wires further apart reduces the inductance;
up to a 50% reduction when placed only a few inches
apart. Splitting the wires connects two equal inductors
in parallel. However, when placed in close proximity to
each other, mutual inductance adds to the overall self-
inductance of the wires. The most effective technique to
reducing overall inductance is to place the forward and
return current conductors (the input wire and the ground
wire) in close proximity. Tw o 30-AWG wires separated by
0.02" reduce the overall self-inductance to about one-fifth
of a single wire.
If a battery, mounted in close proximity, powers the LT3033,
a 10μF input capacitor suffices for stability. However, if a
distantly located supply powers the LT3033, use a larger
value input capacitor. Use a rough guideline of 1μF (in
addition to the 10μF minimum) per eight inches of wire
length. The minimum input capacitance needed to stabi-
lize the application also varies with power supply output
impedance variations. Placing additional capacitance on
the LT3033’s output also helps. However, this requires
an order of magnitude more capacitance in comparison
with additional LT3033 input bypassing. Series resistance
between the supply and the LT3033 input also helps stabi-
lize the application; as little as 0.1Ω to 0.5Ω suffices. This
impedance dampens the LC tank circuit at the expense of
dropout voltage. A better alternative is to use higher ESR
tantalum or electrolytic capacitors at the LT3033 input in
place of ceramic capacitors.