General Description
The MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645 monitor temperature
and automatically adjust fan speed to ensure optimum
cooling while minimizing acoustic noise from the fan.
Each device measures two temperature locations.
The MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645 generate a PWM
waveform that drives an external power transistor, which
in turn modulates the fan’s power supply. The
MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645 monitor temperature and
adjust the duty cycle of the PWM output waveform to con -
trol the fan’s speed according to the cooling needs of the
system. The MAX6643 monitors its own die temperature
and an optional external transistor’s temperature, while the
MAX6644 and MAX6645 each monitor the temperatures
of one or two external diode-connected transistors.
The MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645 are available in H
and L versions. The H versions are trimmed for higher
temperature trip thresholds than the L versions. The
MAX6643 and MAX6644 have nine selectable trip tem-
peratures (in 5°C increments). The MAX6645 is factory
programmed and is not pin selectable.
All versions include an overtemperature output (OT).
OT can be used for warning or system shutdown. The
MAX6643 also features a FULLSPD input that forces the
PWM duty cycle to 100%. The MAX6643/MAX6644/
MAX6645 also feature a FANFAIL output that indicates
a failed fan. See the Selector Guide for a complete list
of each device’s functions.
The MAX6643 and MAX6644 are available in a small
16-pin QSOP package and the MAX6645 is available in
a 10-pin µMAX®package. All versions operate from
3.0V to 5.5V supply voltages and consume 500µA (typ)
supply current. Applications
Networking Equipment
Storage Equipment
Servers
Desktop Computers
Workstations
Features
♦Simple, Automatic Fan-Speed Control
♦Internal and External Temperature Sensing
♦Detect Fan Failure Through Locked-Rotor Output,
Tachometer Output, or Fan-Supply Current
Sensing
♦Multiple, 1.6% Output Duty-Cycle Steps for Low
Audibility of Fan-Speed Changes
♦Pin-Selectable or Factory-Selectable Low-
Temperature Fan Threshold
♦Pin-Selectable or Factory-Selectable High-
Temperature Fan Threshold
♦Spin-Up Time Ensures Fan Start
♦Fan-Start Delay Minimizes Power-Supply Load at
Power-Up
♦32Hz PWM Output
♦Controlled Duty-Cycle Rate-of-Change Ensures
Good Acoustic Performance
♦2°C Temperature-Measurement Accuracy
♦FULLSPD/FULLSPD Input Sets PWM to 100%
♦Pin-Selectable OT Output Threshold
♦16-Pin QSOP and 10-Pin µMAX Packages
MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645
Automatic PWM Fan-Speed Controllers with
Overtemperature Output
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1
Ordering Information
19-3305; Rev 1; 8/04
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at
1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
Pin Configurations, Typical Operating Circuit, and Selector
Guide appear at end of data sheet.
PART TEMP RANGE
PIN-PACKAGE
MAX6643LBFAEE -40°C to +125°C 16 QSOP
MAX6643LAFAEE*
-40°C to +125°C 16 QSOP
MAX6643LBBAEE -40°C to +125°C 16 QSOP
MAX6643LABAEE*
-40°C to +125°C 16 QSOP
MAX6643HAFAEE*
-40°C to +125°C 16 QSOP
MAX6644LBAAEE -40°C to +125°C 16 QSOP
MAX6644HAFAEE*
-40°C to +125°C 16 QSOP
MAX6645ABFAUB*
-40°C to +125°C 10 µMAX
MAX6645BAFAUB -40°C to +125°C 10 µMAX
*Future product—contact factory for availability.
µMAX is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645
Automatic PWM Fan-Speed Controllers with
Overtemperature Output
2 _______________________________________________________________________________________
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VDD = +3.0V to +5.5V, TA= -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VDD = +3.3V, TA= +25°C.) (Note 1)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
VDD to GND..............................................................-0.3V to +6V
PWM_OUT, OT, and FANFAIL to GND.....................-0.3V to +6V
FAN_IN1 and FAN_IN2 to GND...........................-0.3V to +13.2V
DXP_ to GND.........................................................-0.3V to +0.8V
FULLSPD, FULLSPD, TH_, TL_, TACHSET,
and OT_ to GND ..................................-0.3V to +(VDD + 0.3V)
FANFAIL, OT Current..........................................-1mA to +50mA
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA= +70°C)
10-Pin µMAX (derate 5.6mW/°C above +70°C)...........444mW
16-Pin QSOP (derate 8.3mW/°C above +70°C).......... 667mW
Operating Temperature Range .........................-40°C to +125°C
Junction Temperature......................................................+150°C
Storage Temperature Range ............................-65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s).................................+300°C
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
UNITS
Operating Supply Voltage Range
VDD
+3.0 +5.5
V
TA = +20°C to +60°C ±2
Remote Temperature Error VDD = +3.3V,
+20°C ≤ TRJ ≤
+100°CTA = 0°C to +125°C ±3 °C
TA = +10°C to +70°C
±2.5
Local Temperature Error VCC = +3.3V TA = 0°C to +125°C
±3.5
°C
Temperature Error from Supply
Sensitivity
±0.2
°C/V
Power-On-Reset (POR) Threshold
VDD falling edge 1.5 2.0 2.5 V
POR Threshold Hysteresis 90 mV
Operating Current ISDuring a conversion 0.5 1 mA
Average Operating Current Duty cycle = 50%, no load 0.5 mA
Remote-Diode Sourcing Current High level 80
100
120 µA
Conversion Time
125
ms
MAX664_ _A_ _ _ _ 2.5
Spin-Up Time MAX664_ _B_ _ _ _ 8 s
MAX664_ _A_ _ _ _ 2.5
Startup Delay MAX664_ _B_ _ _ _ 0.5 s
Minimum Fan-Fail Tachometer
Frequency 16 Hz
PWM_OUT Frequency
FPWM_OUT
32 Hz
DIGITAL OUTPUTS (OT, FANFAIL, PWM_OUT)
Output Low Voltage (OT)V
OL ISINK = 1mA 0.4 V
ISINK = 6mA 0.5
Output Low Voltage
(FANFAIL, PWM_OUT) VOL ISINK = 1mA 0.4 V
Output-High Leakage Current IOH VOH = 3.3V 1 µA
MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645
Automatic PWM Fan-Speed Controllers with
Overtemperature Output
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
OPERATING SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX6643 toc01
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
5.04.54.03.5
240
280
320
360
400
200 3.0 5.5
PWMOUT FREQUENCY
vs. DIE TEMPERATURE
MAX6643 toc02
TEMPERATURE (°C)
PWMOUT FREQUENCY (Hz)
10085603510-15
31.2
31.4
31.6
31.8
32.0
31.0 -40
TRIP-THRESHOLD ERROR
vs. TRIP TEMPERATURE
MAX6643 toc04
TRIP TEMPERATURE (°C)
TRIP-THRESHOLD ERROR (°C)
806040
-0.6
-0.2
0.2
0.6
1.0
-1.0 20 100
MAX664_L VERSIONS
PWMOUT FREQUENCY
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX6643 toc03
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
PWMOUT FREQUENCY (Hz)
5.04.54.03.5
31
32
33
34
35
303.0 5.5
Typical Operating Characteristics
(TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VDD = +3.0V to +5.5V, TA= -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VDD = +3.3V, TA= +25°C.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
UNITS
DIGITAL INPUTS (FULLSPD, FULLSPD, TACHSET)
VDD = 5.5V
3.65
Logic-Input High VIH VDD = 3.0V 2.2 V
Logic-Input Low VIL VDD = 3.0V 0.8 V
Input Leakage Current VIN = GND or VDD -1 +1 µA
Note 1: All parameters tested at TA= +25°C. Specifications over temperature are guaranteed by design.
MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645
Automatic PWM Fan-Speed Controllers with
Overtemperature Output
4 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Pin Description
PIN
MAX6643_A
MAX6643_B MAX6644_ MAX6645_
NAME FUNCTION
1, 15 1, 15 1, 15 —
TH1, TH2
High-Temperature Threshold Inputs. Connect to VDD, GND,
or leave unconnected to select the upper fan-control trip
temperature (THIGH), in 5°C increments. See Table 1.
2, 3 2, 3 2, 3 — TL2, TL1 Low-Temperature Threshold Inputs. Connect to VDD, GND,
or leave unconnected to select the lower fan-control trip
temperature (TLOW), in 5°C increments. See Table 2.
4441
FANFAIL
Fan-Fail Alarm Output. FANFAIL is an active-low, open-
drain output. If the FAN_IN_ detects a fan failure, the
FANFAIL output asserts low.
5552
TACHSET
FAN_IN_ Control Input. TACHSET controls what type of fan-
fail condition is being detected. Connect TACHSET to VDD,
GND, or leave floating to set locked rotor, current sense, or
tachometer configurations (see Table 3).
—6——
FULLSPD
Active-High Logic Input. When pulled high, the fan runs at
100% duty cycle.
6———
FULLSPD
Active-Low Logic Input. When pulled low, the fan runs at
100% duty cycle.
7 7 7 4 GND Ground
8 8 — — DXP
— — 6, 8 3, 5
DXP2, DXP1
C om b i ned C ur r ent S our ce and A/ D P osi ti ve Inp ut for Rem ote
D i od e. C onnect to anod e of r em ote d i od e- connect ed
tem p er atur e- sens i ng tr ansi stor . C on nec t to G N D i f no r em ote
d i od e i s us ed . P l ace a 220 0p F cap aci tor b etw een D X P _ and
G N D fo r noi se fi l ter i ng .
9996OT Active-Low, Open-Drain Overtemperature Output. When OT
threshold is exceeded, OT pulls low.
10, 11 10, 11 10, 11 7, 8
FAN_IN2,
FAN_IN1
Fan- S ense Inp ut. FAN _IN _ can b e confi g ur ed to m oni tor ei ther
a fan’ s l og i c- l evel l ocked - r otor outp ut, tachom eter outp ut, or
sense- r esi stor w avefor m to d etect fan fai l ur e. The M AX 6643’ s
FAN _IN _ i np ut can m oni tor onl y tachom eter si g nal s. The
M AX 6644 and the M AX 6645 can m oni tor any one of the thr ee
si g nal typ es as confi g ur ed usi ng the TAC H S E T i np ut.
Detailed Description
The MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645 measure temperature
and automatically adjust fan speed to ensure optimum
cooling while minimizing acoustic noise from the fan.
The MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645 generate a PWM
waveform that drives an external power transistor,
which in turn modulates the fan’s power supply. The
MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645 monitor temperature and
adjust the duty cycle of the PWM output waveform to
control the fan’s speed according to the cooling needs
of the system. The MAX6643 monitors its own die tem-
perature and an optional external transistor’s tempera-
ture, while the MAX6644 and MAX6645 each monitor
the temperatures of one or two external diode-connect-
ed transistors.
Temperature Sensor
The pn junction-based temperature sensor can mea-
sure temperatures up to two pn junctions. The
MAX6643 measures the temperature of an external
diode-connected transistor, as well as its internal tem-
perature. The MAX6644 and MAX6645 measure the
temperature of two external diode-connected transis-
tors. The temperature is measured at a rate of 1Hz.
If an external “diode” pin is shorted to ground or left
unconnected, the temperature is read as 0°C. Since the
larger of the two temperatures prevails, a faulty or
unconnected diode is not used for calculating fan
speed or determining overtemperature faults.
PWM Output
The larger of the two measured temperatures is always
used for fan control. The temperature is compared to
three thresholds: the high-temperature threshold (THIGH),
the low-temperature threshold (TLOW), and the overtem-
perature threshold, OT. The OT comparison is done once
per second, whereas the comparisons with fan-control
thresholds THIGH and TLOW are done once every 4s.
The duty-cycle variation of PWM_OUT from 0% to 100%
is divided into 64 steps. If the temperature measured
exceeds the threshold THIGH, the PWM_OUT duty cycle
is incremented by one step, i.e., approximately 1.5%
(100/64). Similarly, if the temperature measured is below
the threshold TLOW, the duty cycle is decremented by
one step (1.5%). Since the THIGH and TLOW compar-
isons are done only once every 4s, the maximum rate of
change of duty cycle is 0.4% per second.
Tables 1 and 2 show the °C value assigned to the TH_
and TL_ input combinations.
MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645
Automatic PWM Fan-Speed Controllers with
Overtemperature Output
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5
Pin Description (continued)
PIN
MAX6643_A
MAX6643_B MAX6644_ MAX6645_
NAME FUNCTION
12 12 12 9
PWM_OUT
PWM Output for Driving External Power Transistor. Connect
to the gate of an n-channel MOSFET or to the base of an
npn. PWMOUT requires a pullup resistor. The pullup
resistor can be connected to a supply voltage as high as
5.5V, regardless of the supply voltage.
13, 14 13, 14 13, 14 —
OT2, OT1
Overtemperature Threshold Inputs. Connect to VDD, GND,
or leave unconnected to select the upper-limit OT fault
output trip temperature, in 5°C increments. See Table 4.
16 16 16 10 VDD Power-Supply Input. 3.3V nominal. Bypass VDD to GND with
a 0.1µF capacitor.
TH2 TH1 THIGH (°C)
L SUFFIX THIGH (°C)
H SUFFIX
0 0 20 40
0 High-Z 25 45
0 1 30 50
High-Z 0 35 55
High-Z High-Z 40 60
High-Z 1 45 65
1 0 50 70
1 High-Z 55 75
1 1 60 80
Table 1. Setting THIGH
(MAX6643 and MAX6644)
High-Z = High impedance.
MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645
There are two options for the behavior of the PWM out-
puts at power-up. Option 1 (minimum duty cycle = 0):
at power-up, the PWM duty cycle is zero. Option 2
(minimum duty cycle = the start duty cycle): at power-
up, there is a startup delay, after which the duty cycle
goes to 100% for the spin-up period. After the startup
delay and spin-up, the duty cycle drops to its minimum
value. The minimum duty cycle is in the 0% to 50%
range (see the Selector Guide).
To control fan speed based on temperature, THIGH is
set to the temperature beyond which the fan should spin
at 100%. TLOW is set to the temperature below which
the duty cycle can be reduced to its minimum value.
After power-up and spin-up (if applicable), the duty
cycle reduces to its minimum value (either 0% or the
start duty cycle). For option 1 (minimum duty cycle = 0),
if the measured temperature remains below THIGH, the
duty cycle remains at zero (see Figure 1). If the temper-
ature increases above THIGH, the duty cycle goes to
100% for the spin-up period, and then goes to the start
duty cycle (for example, 40%). If the measured temper-
ature remains above THIGH when temperature is next
measured (4s later), the duty cycle begins to increase,
incrementing by 1.5% every 4s until the fan is spinning
fast enough to reduce the temperature below T HIGH.
For option 2 (minimum duty cycle = start duty cycle), if
the measured temperature remains below THIGH, the
duty cycle does not increase and the fan continues to
run at a slow speed. If the temperature increases
above THIGH, the duty cycle begins to increase, incre-
menting by 1.5% every 4s until the fan is spinning fast
enough to reduce the temperature below THIGH (see
Figure 2). In both cases, if only a small amount of extra
cooling is necessary to reduce the temperature below
Automatic PWM Fan-Speed Controllers with
Overtemperature Output
6 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Table 2. Setting TLOW
(MAX6643 and MAX6644)
STARTUP
DUTY CYCLETEMPERATURE
TIME
TIME
THIGH
SPIN-UP
TLOW
Figure 1. Temperature-Controlled Duty-Cycle Change with
Minimum Duty Cycle 30%
STARTUP
MAX664_B HAS 30% PWM_OUT DUTY CYCLE DURING STARTUP.
DUTY CYCLETEMPERATURE
TIME
TIME
THIGH
TLOW
SPIN-UP
Figure 2. Temperature-Controlled Duty-Cycle Change with
Minimum Duty Cycle 30%
TL2 TL1 TLOW (°C)
L SUFFIX TLOW (°C)
H SUFFIX
0 0 15 35
0
High-Z
20 40
0 1 25 45
High-Z
030 50
High-Z
High-Z
35 55
High-Z
140 60
1 0 45 65
1
High-Z
50 70
1 1 55 75
High-Z = High impedance.
THIGH, the duty cycle may increase just a few percent
above the minimum duty cycle. If the power dissipation
or ambient temperature increases to a high-enough
value, the duty cycle may eventually need to increase
to 100%.
If the ambient temperature or the power dissipation
reduces to the point that the measured temperature is
less than TLOW, the duty cycle begins slowly decre-
menting until either the duty cycle reaches its minimum
value or the temperature rises above TLOW.
The small duty-cycle increments and slow rate-of-
change of duty cycle (1.5% maximum per 4s) reduce
the likelihood that the process of fan-speed control is
acoustically objectionable. The “dead band” between
TLOW and THIGH keeps the fan speed constant when
the temperature is undergoing small changes, thus
making the fan-control process even less audible.
Fan-Fail Sensing
The MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645 feature a FANFAIL
output. The FANFAIL output is an active-low, open-
drain alarm. The MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645 detect
fan failure either by measuring the fan’s speed and rec-
ognizing when it is too low, or by detecting a locked-
rotor logic signal from the fan. Fan-failure detection is
enabled only when the duty cycle of the PWM drive sig-
nal is equal to 100%. This happens during the spin-up
period when the fan first turns on and whenever the
temperature is above THIGH long enough that the duty
cycle reaches 100%.
Many fans have open-drain tachometer outputs that
produce periodic pulses (usually two pulses per revolu-
tion) as the fan spins. These tachometer pulses are
monitored by the FAN_IN_ inputs to detect fan failures.
If a 2-wire fan with no tachometer output is used, the
fan’s speed can be monitored by using an external
sense resistor at the source of the driving FET (see
Figure 3). In this manner, the variation in the current
flowing through the fan develops a periodic voltage
waveform across the sense resistor. This periodic
waveform is then highpass filtered and AC-coupled to
the FAN_IN input. Any variations in the waveform that
have an amplitude of more than ±150mV are converted
to digital pulses. The frequency of these digital pulses
is directly related to the speed of the rotation of the fan
and can be used to detect fan failure.
Note that the value of the sense resistor must be
matched to the characteristics of the fan’s current
waveform. Choose a resistor that produces voltage
variations of at least ±200mV to ensure that the fan’s
operation can be reliably detected. Note that while
most fans have current waveforms that can be used
with this detection method, there may be some that do
not produce reliable tachometer signals. If a 2-wire fan
is to be used with fault detection, be sure that the fan is
compatible with this technique.
To detect fan failure, the analog sense-conditioned
pulses or the tachometer pulses are deglitched and
counted for 2s while the duty cycle is 100% (either dur-
ing spin-up or when the duty cycle rises to 100% due to
measured temperature). If more than 32 pulses are
counted (corresponding to 480rpm for a fan that pro-
duces two pulses per revolution), the fan is assumed to
be functioning normally. If fewer than 32 pulses are
received, the FANFAIL output is enabled and the PWM
duty cycle to the FET transistor is either shut down in
case of a single-fan (MAX6643) configuration or contin-
ues normal operation in case of a dual-fan configuration
(MAX6644/MAX6645).
Some fans have a locked-rotor logic output instead of a
tachometer output. If a locked-rotor signal is to be used
to detect fan failure, that signal is monitored for 2s while
the duty cycle is 100%. If a locked-rotor signal remains
active (low) for more than 2s, the fan is assumed to
have failed.
The MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645 have two channels
for monitoring fan-failure signals, FAN_IN1 and
FAN_IN2. For the MAX6643, the FAN_IN_ channels
monitor a tachometer. The MAX6643’s fault sensing can
also be turned off by floating the TACHSET input.
For the MAX6644 and MAX6645, the FAN_IN1 and
FAN_IN2 channels can be configured to monitor either
a logic-level tachometer signal, the voltage waveform
on a current-sense resistor, or a locked-rotor logic sig-
nal. The TACHSET input selects which type of signal is
to be monitored (see Table 3). To disable fan-fault
sensing, TACHSET should be unconnected and
FAN_IN1 and FAN_IN2 should be connected to VDD.
OT
Output
The MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645 include an over-
temperature output that can be used as an alarm or a
system-shutdown signal. Whenever the measured tem-
perature exceeds the value selected using the OT pro-
gramming inputs OT1 and OT2 (see Table 4), OT is
asserted. OT deasserts only after the temperature
drops below the threshold.
FULLSPD
Input
The MAX6643_A_ features a FULLSPD input. Pulling
FULLSPD low forces PWM_OUT to 100% duty cycle.
The FULLSPD input allows a microcontroller to force the
fan to full speed when necessary. It also allows a
FANFAIL output to force other fans to 100% in multifan
MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645
Automatic PWM Fan-Speed Controllers with
Overtemperature Output
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7
MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645
systems, or for an over-temperature condition (by con-
necting OT to FULLSPD).
FULLSPD Input
The MAX6643_B_ features a FULLSPD input. Pulling
FULLSPD high forces PWM_OUT to 100% duty cycle.
The FULLSPD input allows a microcontroller to force
the fan to full speed when necessary. By connecting
FANFAIL to an inverter, the MAX6643_B_ can force
other fans to 100% in multifan systems, or for an over-
temperature condition (by connecting OT inverter to
FULLSPD). Applications Information
Figures 3–6 show various configurations.
Remote-Diode Considerations
When using an external thermal diode, temperature
accuracy depends upon having a good-quality, diode-
connected, small-signal transistor. Accuracy has been
experimentally verified for a variety of discrete small-
signal transistors, some of which are listed in Table 5.
The MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645 can also directly
measure the die temperature of CPUs and other ICs
with on-board temperature-sensing diodes.
The transistor must be a small-signal type with a rela-
tively high forward voltage. This ensures that the input
voltage is within the ADC input voltage range. The for-
ward voltage must be greater than 0.25V at 10µA at the
highest expected temperature. The forward voltage
must be less than 0.95V at 100µA at the lowest expect-
ed temperature. The base resistance has to be less
than 100Ω. Tight specification of forward-current gain
(+50 to +150, for example) indicates that the manufac-
turer has good process control and that the devices
have consistent characteristics.
Effect of Ideality Factor
The accuracy of the remote temperature measurements
depends on the ideality factor (n) of the remote diode
(actually a transistor). The MAX6643/MAX6644/
MAX6645 are optimized for n = 1.01, which is typical of
many discrete 2N3904 and 2N3906 transistors. It is also
near the ideality factors of many widely available CPUs,
GPUs, and FPGAs. However, any time a sense transis-
tor with a different ideality factor is used, the output data
is different. Fortunately, the difference is predictable.
Automatic PWM Fan-Speed Controllers with
Overtemperature Output
8 _______________________________________________________________________________________
MANUFACTURER MODEL NO.
Central Semiconductor (USA) CMPT3906
Rohm Semiconductor (USA) SST3906
Samsung (Korea) KST3906-TF
Siemens (Germany) SMBT3906
Table 5. Remote-Sensor Transistor
Manufacturers
OT2 OT1 TOVERT (°C)
L SUFFIX TOVERT (°C)
H SUFFIX
0 0 60 80
0
High-Z
65 85
0 1 70 90
High-Z
075 95
High-Z
High-Z
80 100
High-Z
1 85 105
1 0 90 110
1
High-Z
95 115
1 1 100 120
Table 4. Setting the Overtemperature
Thresholds (TOVERT)(MAX6643 and MAX6644)
Table 3. Configuring the FAN_IN_ Inputs with TACHSET
VDD GND UNCONNECTED
TACHSET FAN_IN1 FAN_IN2 FAN_IN1 FAN_IN2 FAN_IN1 FAN_IN2
MAX6643_A_
Tachometer Tachometer
Do not connect
to GND Do not connect
to GND Disables fan-
failure detection
Disables fan-
failure detection
MAX6644_A_
Tachometer Tachometer Current sense Current sense
Locked rotor Locked rotor
MAX6645_A_
Tachometer Tachometer Current sense Current sense
Locked rotor Locked rotor
MAX6643_B_
Tachometer Tachometer
Do not connect
to GND Do not connect
to GND Disables fan-
failure detection
Disables fan-
failure detection
MAX6644_B_
Tachometer Tachometer Current sense Current sense
Locked rotor Locked rotor
MAX6645_B_
Tachometer Tachometer Current sense Current sense
Locked rotor Locked rotor
High-Z = High impedance
MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645
Automatic PWM Fan-Speed Controllers with
Overtemperature Output
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 9
MAX6644
1
2
3
4
TH1
TL2
TL1
FANFAIL
TACHSET
DXP2
GND
DXP1
VDD
TH2
OT1
OT2
PWM_OUT
FAN_IN1
FAN_IN2
OT
5
6
7
8
16
15
4.7kΩ4.7kΩ
+VFAN (5V OR 12V)
VDD (+3.0V TO +5.5V) +VFAN (5V OR 12V)
2.0Ω2.0Ω
4.7kΩ
TO FANFAIL
ALARM
0.1µF
0.1µF
14
13
CURRENT-SENSE
MODE
CURRENT-SENSE
MODE
TO OVERTEMPERATURE
ALARM
12
11
10
9
N
N
MAX6645
1FANFAIL
TACHSET
DXP2
GND
DXP1
VDD
PWM_OUT
FAN_IN1
FAN_IN2
OT
2
3
4
5
4.7kΩ4.7kΩ
+VFAN (5V OR 12V)
VDD (+3.0V TO +5.5V) +VFAN (5V OR 12V)
4.7kΩ
TO FANFAIL
ALARM
10
TACHOMETER MODE
TACHOMETER MODE
TO OVERTEMPERATURE
ALARM
9
8
7
6
N
Figure 3. MAX6644 Using Two External Transistors to Measure Remote Temperatures and Control Two 2-Wire Fans. The fan’s power-
supply current is monitored to detect failure of either fan. Connect pin 10 to pin 11 if only one fan is used.
Figure 4. MAX6645 Using Two External Transistors to Measure Remote Temperatures and Control Two 2-Wire Cooling Fans. The
fan’s power-supply current is monitored to detect failure of either fan. Connect FAN_IN1 to FAN_IN2 if only one fan is used.
MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645
Automatic PWM Fan-Speed Controllers with
Overtemperature Output
10 ______________________________________________________________________________________
TO FANFAIL
ALARM
MAX6645
10
N
9
8TACHOMETER
MODE
TACHOMETER
MODE
TO OVERTEMPERATURE ALARM
7
6
FANFAIL
TACHSET
DXP2
GND
DXP1
VDD
VDD (+3.0V TO +5.5V)
+VFAN (5V OR 12V)
1
2
3
4
5
PWM_OUT
FAN_IN1
FAN_IN2
OT
4.7kΩ
4.7kΩ
4.7kΩ
Figure 5. Using the MAX6645 to Monitor Two Fans
MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645
Automatic PWM Fan-Speed Controllers with
Overtemperature Output
______________________________________________________________________________________ 11
MAX6643_A_
TH1 16
15
14
13
12
11 (TACHOMETER MODE)
(TACHOMETER MODE)
TO OVERTEMPERATURE ALARM
10
9
TL2
TL1
FANFAIL
TO FANFAIL
ALARM
TO FANFAIL
ALARM
TACHSET
FULLSPD
GND
DXP
VDD
VDD (+3.0V TO +5.5V)
+VFAN (5V OR 12V)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
TH2
OT1
OT2
PWM_OUT
FAN_IN1
FAN_IN2
OT
4.7kΩ
4.7kΩ
4.7kΩ
N
N
MAX6643_A_
TH1 16
15
14
13
12
11 (TACHOMETER MODE)
(TACHOMETER MODE)
TO OVERTEMPERATURE ALARM
10
9
TL2
TL1
FANFAIL
TACHSET
FULLSPD
GND
DXP
VDD
VDD (+3.0V TO +5.5V)
+VFAN (5V OR 12V)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
TH2
OT1
OT2
PWM_OUT
FAN_IN1
FAN_IN2
OT
4.7kΩ
4.7kΩ
4.7kΩ
Figure 6. Using Two MAX6643s, Each Controlling a Separate Fan
MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645
Automatic PWM Fan-Speed Controllers with
Overtemperature Output
12 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Assume a remote-diode sensor designed for a nominal
ideality factor nNOMINAL is used to measure the temper-
ature of a diode with a different ideality factor, n1. The
measured temperature TMcan be corrected using:
where temperature is measured in Kelvin.
As mentioned above, the nominal ideality factor of the
MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645 is 1.01. As an example,
assume the MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645 are config-
ured with a CPU that has an ideality factor of 1.008. If
the diode has no series resistance, the measured data
is related to the real temperature as follows:
For a real temperature of +60°C (333.15K), the mea-
sured temperature is 59.33°C (332.49K), which is an
error of -0.66°C.
Effect of Series Resistance
Series resistance in a sense diode contributes addition-
al errors. For nominal diode currents of 10µA and
100µA, change in the measured voltage is:
Since 1°C corresponds to 198.6µV, series resistance
contributes a temperature offset of:
Assume that the diode being measured has a series
resistance of 3Ω. The series resistance contributes an
offset of:
The effects of the ideality factor and series resistance
are additive. If the diode has an ideality factor of 1.008
and series resistance of 3Ω, the total offset can be cal-
culated by adding error due to series resistance with
error due to ideality factor:
1.36°C - 0.66°C = 0.7°C
for a diode temperature of +60.7°C.
In this example, the effect of the series resistance and
the ideality factor partially cancel each other.
For best accuracy, the discrete transistor should be a
small-signal device with its collector connected to
base, and emitter connected to GND. Table 5 lists
examples of discrete transistors that are appropriate for
use with the MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645.
The transistor must have a relatively high forward volt-
age; otherwise, the ADC input voltage range can be vio-
lated. The forward voltage at the highest expected
temperature must be greater than 0.25V at 10µA, and at
the lowest expected temperature, the forward voltage
must be less than 0.95V at 100µA. Large power transis-
tors must not be used. Also, ensure that the base resis-
tance is less than 100Ω. Tight specifications for forward
current gain (50 < ß <150, for example) indicate that the
manufacturer has good process controls and that the
devices have consistent VBE characteristics.
ADC Noise Filtering
The integrating ADC has inherently good noise rejec-
tion, especially of low-frequency signals such as
60Hz/120Hz power-supply hum. Micropower operation
places constraints on high-frequency noise rejection.
Lay out the PC board carefully with proper external
noise filtering for high-accuracy remote measurements
in electrically noisy environments.
Filter high-frequency electromagnetic interference
(EMI) at the DXP pins with an external 2200pF capaci-
tor connected between DXP, DXP1, or DXP2 and
ground. This capacitor can be increased to about
3300pF (max), including cable capacitance. A capaci-
tance higher than 3300pF introduces errors due to the
rise time of the switched-current source.
Twisted Pairs and Shielded Cables
For remote-sensor distances longer than 8in, or in par-
ticularly noisy environments, a twisted pair is recom-
mended. Its practical length is 6ft to 12ft (typ) before
noise becomes a problem, as tested in a noisy electron-
ics laboratory. For longer distances, the best solution is
a shielded twisted pair like that used for audio micro-
phones. For example, Belden 8451 works well for dis-
tances up to 100ft in a noisy environment. Connect the
twisted pair to DXP and GND and the shield to ground,
and leave the shield’s remote end unterminated. Excess
capacitance at DXP limits practical remote-sensor dis-
tances (see the Typical Operating Characteristics ).
For very long cable runs, the cable’s parasitic capaci-
tance often provides noise filtering, so the recommend-
ed 2200pF capacitor can often be removed or reduced
3CCΩΩ
×°=° . .0 453 1 36
90
198 6 0 453
µ
µ
°
=°
V
V
C
C
ΩΩ
. .
∆VM =µ−µ
()
=µ×RAA AR
Ss
100 10 90
TT
nnT1.01
1.008 T
ACTUAL M NOMINAL
1MM
=⎛
⎝
⎜⎞
⎠
⎟=⎛
⎝
⎜⎞
⎠
⎟=
()
.1 00198
TT n
n
M ACTUAL 1
NOMINAL
=⎛
⎝
⎜⎞
⎠
⎟
MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645
Automatic PWM Fan-Speed Controllers with
Overtemperature Output
______________________________________________________________________________________ 13
in value. Cable resistance also affects remote-sensor
accuracy. A 1Ωseries resistance introduces about
+1/2°C error.
PC Board Layout Checklist
1) Place the MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645 as close as
practical to the remote diode. In a noisy environment,
such as a computer motherboard, this distance can
be 4in to 8in or more, as long as the worst noise
sources (such as CRTs, clock generators, memory
buses, and ISA/PCI buses) are avoided.
2) Do not route the DXP lines next to the deflection coils
of a CRT. Also, do not route the traces across a fast
memory bus, which can easily introduce +30°C
error, even with good filtering. Otherwise, most noise
sources are fairly benign.
3) Route the DXP and GND traces parallel and close to
each other, away from any high-voltage traces such
as +12VDC. Avoid leakage currents from PC board
contamination. A 20MΩleakage path from DXP to
ground causes approximately +1°C error.
4) Route as few vias and crossunders as possible to
minimize copper/solder thermocouple effects.
5) When introducing a thermocouple, make sure that
both the DXP and the GND paths have matching
thermocouples. In general, PC board-induced ther-
mocouples are not a serious problem. A copper sol-
der thermocouple exhibits 3µV/°C, and it takes
approximately 200µV of voltage error at DXP/GN to
cause a +1°C measurement error, so most parasitic
thermocouple errors are swamped out.
6) Use wide traces. Narrow traces are more inductive
and tend to pick up radiated noise. The 10-mil widths
and spacings are recommended, but are not
absolutely necessary (as they offer only a minor
improvement in leakage and noise), but use them
where practical.
7) Placing an electrically clean copper ground plane
between the DXP traces and traces carrying high-
frequency noise signals helps reduce EMI.
Chip Information
TRANSISTOR COUNT: 12,518
PROCESS: BiCMOS
Pin Configurations
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
TH1 VDD
TH2
OT1
OT2
PWM_OUT
FAN_IN1
FAN_IN2
OT
TOP VIEW
MAX6643_A _
MAX6643_B_
QSOP
TL2
TL1
FULLSPD
(FULLSPD)
FANFAIL
TACHSET
GND
DXP
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
TH1 VDD
TH2
OT1
OT2
PWM_OUT
FAN_IN1
FAN_IN2
OT
MAX6644_ _
QSOP
TL2
TL1
DXP2
FANFAIL
TACHSET
GND
DXP1
1
2
3
4
5
10
9
8
7
6
VDD
PWM_OUT
FAN_IN1
FAN_IN2GND
DXP2
TACHSET
FANFAIL
MAX6645_ _
µMAX
OTDXP1
() ARE FOR MAX6643_A ONLY.
MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645
Automatic PWM Fan-Speed Controllers with
Overtemperature Output
14 ______________________________________________________________________________________
PART
PACKAGE-PINS
STARTUP
DELAY (s)
SPIN-UP
TIME (s)
START DUTY
CYCLE (%)
MINIMUM DUTY
CYCLE (%)
CHANNELS
TL (°C)
TH (°C)
OT (°C)
FULLSPD
POLARITY
FAN_IN1
FAN_IN2
MAX6643
LBFAEE
QSOP-16 0.5
84040
Remote,
local 15 to
55 20 to
60 60 to
100 FULLSPD Tach/off
Tach/off
MAX6643
LAFAEE*
QSOP-16 2.5 2.5
40 40
Remote,
local 15 to
55 20 to
60 60 to
100 FULLSPD Tach/off
Tach/off
MAX6643
LBBAEE
QSOP-16 0.5
83030
Remote,
local 15 to
55 20 to
60 60 to
100 FULLSPD Tach/off
Tach/off
MAX6643
LABAEE*
QSOP-16 2.5 2.5
30 30
Remote,
local 15 to
55 20 to
60 60 to
100 FULLSPD Tach/off
Tach/off
MAX6643H
AFAEE*
QSOP-16 2.5 2.5
40 40
Remote,
local 35 to
75 40 to
80 80 to
120 FULLSPD Tach/off
Tach/off
MAX6644
LBAAEE
QSOP-16 0.5
8300
Remote,
remote
15 to
55 20 to
60 60 to
100
—
Locked
r otor /tach/
cur r ent
sense
Locked
r otor /tach/
cur r ent
sense
MAX6644H
AFAEE*
QSOP-16 2.5 2.5
40 40 Remote,
remote
35 to
75 40 to
80 80 to
120
—
Locked
r otor /tach/
cur r ent
sense
Locked
r otor /tach/
cur r ent
sense
M AX 6645
AA FAU B*, ** µMAX-10 0.5
84040
Remote,
remote
45 50 75 —
Locked
r otor /tach/
cur r ent
sense
Locked
r otor /tach/
cur r ent
sense
MAX6645
BAFAUB** µMAX-10 2.5 2.5
40 40 Remote,
remote
55 65
120
—
Locked
r otor /tach/
cur r ent
sense
Locked
r otor /tach/
cur r ent
sense
Selector Guide
*Future product—contact factory for availability.
**The MAX6645xxxxxx can be ordered with any combination of TL, TH, and OT trip threshold (in 5°C increments) by contacting the factory.
MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645
Automatic PWM Fan-Speed Controllers with
Overtemperature Output
______________________________________________________________________________________ 15
MAX6643
MAX6644
MAX6645
DXP1/(DXP)
DXP2 TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
TEMPERATURE
LOGIC PWM
GENERATOR
FAN-FAIL
DETECTION
DUTY CYCLE
ANALOG SENSE
TACHOMETER
LOCKED ROTOR IN
ANALOG SENSE
TACHOMETER
LOCKED ROTOR IN
OT TH TL
THRESHOLD
SELECTION
FULLSPD/(FULLSPD)
PWM_OUT
FAN_IN1
FAN_IN2
FANFAILTACHSET
OT1 OT2 TH1 TH2 TL1 TL2
() ARE FOR MAX6643 ONLY.
Block Diagram
TO FANFAIL
ALARM
MAX6643_A_
TH1 16
15
14
13
12
11 (TACHOMETER MODE)
(TACHOMETER MODE)
TO OVERTEMPERATURE ALARM
10
9
TL2
TL1
FANFAIL
TACHSET
FULLSPD
GND
DXP
VDD
VDD (+3.0V TO +5.5V)
+VFAN (5V OR 12V)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
TH2
OT1
OT2
PWM_OUT
FAN_IN1
FAN_IN2
OT
4.7kΩ
4.7kΩ
4.7kΩ
N
Typical Operating Circuit
MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645
Automatic PWM Fan-Speed Controllers with
Overtemperature Output
16 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Pac ka ge Information
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information
go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
QSOP.EPS
E
11
21-0055
PACKAGE OUTLINE, QSOP .150", .025" LEAD PITCH
MAX6643/MAX6644/MAX6645
Automatic PWM Fan-Speed Controllers with
Overtemperature Output
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________ 17
© 2004 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.
Package Infor mation (continued)
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information
go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
10LUMAX.EPS
PACKAGE OUTLINE, 10L uMAX/uSOP
1
1
21-0061 I
REV.DOCUMENT CONTROL NO.APPROVAL
PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TITLE:
TOP VIEW
FRONT VIEW
1
0.498 REF
0.0196 REF
S6°
SIDE VIEW
α
BOTTOM VIEW
0° 0° 6°
0.037 REF
0.0078
MAX
0.006
0.043
0.118
0.120
0.199
0.0275
0.118
0.0106
0.120
0.0197 BSC
INCHES
1
10
L1
0.0035
0.007
e
c
b
0.187
0.0157
0.114
H
L
E2
DIM
0.116
0.114
0.116
0.002
D2
E1
A1
D1
MIN
-A
0.940 REF
0.500 BSC
0.090
0.177
4.75
2.89
0.40
0.200
0.270
5.05
0.70
3.00
MILLIMETERS
0.05
2.89
2.95
2.95
-
MIN
3.00
3.05
0.15
3.05
MAX
1.10
10
0.6±0.1
0.6±0.1
0 0.50±0.1
H
4X S
e
D2
D1
b
A2 A
E2
E1 L
L1
c
α
GAGE PLANE
A2 0.030 0.037 0.75 0.95
A1