INTEGRATED CIRCUITS TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators Product data Supersedes data of 1997 Feb 25 2002 Jan 22 Philips Semiconductors Product data Adjustable precision shunt regulators DESCRIPTION TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC PIN CONFIGURATIONS The TL431 and TL431A are 3-terminal adjustable shunt regulators with specified thermal stability over applicable automotive and commercial temperature ranges. The output voltage may be set to any value between VREF (approximately 2.5 V) and 36 V with two external resistors (see Figure 4). These devices have a typical output impedance of 0.2 . Active output circuitry provides a very sharp turn-on characteristic, making these devices excellent replacements for zener diodes in many applications like on-board regulation, adjustable power supplies and switching power supplies. D Package TOP VIEW CATHODE 1 8 REF ANODE 2 7 ANODE ANODE 3 6 ANODE NC 4 5 NC SOT96-1 The TL431C and TL431AC are characterized for operation from 0 C to +70 C; the TL431I and TL431AI are characterized for operation from -40 C to +85 C. N Package TOP VIEW FEATURES * Equivalent full-range temperature coefficient: 30 ppm/C * 0.2 typical output impedance * Sink current capability: 1 mA to 100 mA * Low output noise * Adjustable output voltage: VREF to 36 V CATHODE 1 8 REF NC 2 7 NC NC 3 6 ANODE NC 4 5 NC 5 ANODE 4 VREF SOT97-1 D5 Package TOP VIEW NC 1 NC 2 CATHODE 3 SOT680-1 SL01581 Figure 1. Pin configuration. ORDERING INFORMATION TEMPERATURE RANGE INDUSTRY STANDARD PART NUMBER ORDER CODE DWG # 8-Pin Plastic Small Outline (SO) package 0 C to +70 C TL431CD TL431CD SOT96-1 8-Pin Plastic Small Outline (SO) package -40 C to +85 C TL431ID TL431ID SOT96-1 8-Pin Plastic Small Outline (SO) package 0 C to +70 C TL431ACD TL431ACD SOT96-1 8-Pin Plastic Small Outline (SO) package -40 C to +85 C TL431AID TL431AID SOT96-1 8-Pin Plastic Small Outline (SO) package 0 C to +70 C LM431ACM LM431ACMD SOT96-1 8-Pin Plastic Dual In-Line package (DIP) 0 C to +70 C TL431CP TL431CPN SOT97-1 8-Pin Plastic Dual In-Line package (DIP) -40 C to +85 C TL431IP TL431IPN SOT97-1 8-Pin Plastic Dual In-Line package (DIP) 0 C to +70 C TL431ACP TL431ACPN SOT97-1 8-Pin Plastic Dual In-Line package (DIP) -40 C to +85 C TL431AIP TL431AIPN SOT97-1 DESCRIPTION 5-pin plastic small outline package (SO5) 0 C to +70 C TL431ACD5 SOT680-1 5-pin plastic small outline package (SO5) -40 C to +85 C TL431AID5 SOT680-1 5-pin plastic small outline package (SO5) 0 C to +70 C TL431CD5 SOT680-1 5-pin plastic small outline package (SO5) -40 C to +85 C TL431ID5 SOT680-1 NOTE: 1. SYMBOL INFORMATION: Parts will be marked with product name including temperature and electrical grade desginators, but not the package identifier. 2002 Jan 22 2 853-1927 27590 Philips Semiconductors Product data TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS SYMBOL VKA PARAMETER RATING Cathode voltage (see Note 1) UNITS 37 V -100 to +150 mA Reference input current range 0.05 to 10 mA Tamb Operating free-air temperature range C suffix I suffix 0 to +70 -40 to +85 C C Tstg Temperature storage range -65 to 150 C 260 C Continuous cathode current range Lead temperature 1.6 mm (1/16 in.) from case for 10 sec: D5, D or P pkgs NOTE: 1. Voltage values are with respect to the ANODE terminal unless otherwise noted. RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS SYMBOL MIN MAX UNITS VKA Cathode voltage PARAMETER VREF 36 V IK Cathode current 1 100 mA Table 1. Dissipation Rating Table - Free-Air Temperature Package Derating Factor Above Tamb = 25 C Tamb = 25 C Power Rating Tamb = 70 C Power Rating Tamb = 85 C Power Rating D5 5.1 mW/C 637 mW 408 mW 332 mW D 5.8 mW/C 725 mW 464 mW 429 mW P 8.0 mW/C 1000 mW 640 mW 520 mW CATHODE R4 800 R3 800 C1 20p Q5 REF Q3 Q4 Q2 QD6 Q1 R2 150 Q7 R5 3.28K R11 2.4K R7 320 R10 7.2K R1 10K Qq1 C2 20p Q9 Q10 Q11 Q8 QD2 R8 1000 R9 800 ANODE SL01188 Figure 2. Equivalent schematic. 2002 Jan 22 3 Philips Semiconductors Product data TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS 25 C free-air temperature, unless otherwise stated. LIMITS SYMBOL VREF VREF(dev) DV REF DV KA TEST CKT PARAMETER TL431AC TEST CONDITIONS TL431C/LM431AC UNIT MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX 2470 2495 2520 2440 2495 2550 mV 4 15 4 17 mV VKA = 10 V - VREF -1.4 -2.7 -1.4 -2.7 VKA = 36 V - 10 V -1 -2 -1 -2 Reference input voltage Fig. 3 VKA = VREF, IK = 10 mA Deviation of reference input voltage over full temperature range2 Fig. 3 VKA = VREF, IK = 10 mA; Tamb = full range1 Ratio of change in g to reference input voltage the change in cathode voltage Fig 4 Fig. IK = 10 mA mV/V Reference input current Fig. 4 IK = 10 mA, R1 = 10 k, R2 = 2 4 2 4 A Deviation of reference input current over full temperature range2 Fig. 4 IK = 10 mA, R1 = 10 k, R2 = , Tamb = full range1 0.8 1.2 0.4 1.2 A IMIN Minimum cathode current for regulation Fig. 3 VKA = VREF 0.4 0.6 0.4 1 mA IOFF Off-state cathode current Fig. 5 VKA = 36 V, VREF = 0 0.1 0.5 0.1 1 A Fig. 3 VKA = VREF, IK = 1 mA to 100 mA; f 1 kHz 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.5 TEST CONDITIONS TL431AI IREF IREF(dev) | ZKA | Dynamic impedance3 25 C free-air temperature, unless otherwise stated. LIMITS SYMBOL VREF VREF(dev) DV REF DV KA TEST CKT PARAMETER TL431I UNIT MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX 2470 2495 2520 2440 2495 2550 mV 5 25 5 30 mV VKA = 10 V - VREF -1.4 -2.7 -1.4 -2.7 VKA = 36 V - 10 V -1 -2 -1 -2 Reference input voltage Fig. 3 VKA = VREF, IK = 10 mA Deviation of reference input voltage over full temperature range2 Fig. 3 VKA = VREF, IK = 10 mA, Tamb = full range1 Ratio of change in reference input voltage g to the change in cathode voltage Fig 4 Fig. IK = 10 mA mV/V Reference input current Fig. 4 IK = 10 mA, R1 = 10 k, R2 = 2 4 2 4 A Deviation of reference input current over full temperature range2 Fig. 4 IK = 10 mA, R1 = 10 k, R2 = , Tamb = full range1 0.8 2.5 0.8 2.5 A IMIN Minimum cathode current for regulation Fig. 3 VKA = VREF 0.4 0.7 0.4 1 A IOFF Off-state cathode current Fig. 5 VKA = 36 V, VREF = 0 0.1 0.5 0.1 1 A 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.5 IREF IREF(dev) | ZKA | Dynamic VKA = VREF, IK = 1 mA to 100 mA, Fig. 3 f 1 kHz impedance3 NOTES: 1. Full temperature range is -40 C to +85 C for the TL431I and TL431AI, and 0 C to +70 C for the TL431C and TL431AC. 2. The deviation parameters VREF(dev) and IREF(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the rated termperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage, VREF, is defined as: | aV REF | ppm deg + C V REF(dev) V REF at 25 oC @ 10 6 Max VREF VREF(dev) DT amb Min VREF Tamb where Tamb is the rated operating free-air temperature range of the device. 2002 Jan 22 4 Philips Semiconductors Product data TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators VREF can be positive or negative depending on whether minimum VREF of maximum VREF, respectively, occurs at the lower temperature. Example: Max VREF = 2496 mV at 30 C, Min VREF = 2492 mV at 0 C, VREF = 2495 mV at 25 C, DTA = 70 C for TL431C. | aV REF | + 4mV 2495mV @ 10 6 70 oC + 23ppm oC Because minimum VREF occurs at the lower temperature, the coefficient is positive. 3. The dynamic impedance is defined as: | Z | + DV KA KA DI K When the device is operating with two external resistors, (see Figure 4), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by: | Z | + DV [ | Z KA | 1 ) R1 R2 DI PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION INPUT VKA INPUT IK VKA Ioff Vref SL01177 SL01179 Figure 3. Test Circuit for VKA = Vref INPUT R1 R2 Figure 5. Test Circuit for IOFF VKA IK Iref Vref V KA +V 1 ) R1 ) Iref R2 ref R1 SL01178 Figure 4. Test Circuit for VKA > Vref 2002 Jan 22 5 Philips Semiconductors Product data TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators 3.0 VKA = Vref IK = 10mA 2580 Iref - REFERENCE INPUT CURRENT - ( A) V ref - REFERENCE INPUT VOLTAGE - (mV) 2600 Vref = 2550mV 2560 2540 2520 Vref = 2495mV 2500 2480 2460 Vref = 2440mV 2440 2420 2400 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 R1 = 10k R2 = IK = 10mA 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 -75 -50 Tamb - TEMPERATURE - (C) -25 0 25 50 75 Tamb - TEMPERATURE - (C) SL01170 SL01168 Ioff - OFF-STATE CATHODE CURRENT - (nA) 150 VKA = Vref Tamb = 25C CATHODE CURRENT - (mA) 100 75 50 25 0 -25 -50 -75 -100 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 90 VKA = 36V Vref = 0V 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Tamb - TEMPERATURE - (C) CATHODE VOLTAGE - (V) SL01169 SL01171 Figure 10. Off-State Cathode Current vs. Temperature Figure 7. Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage 800 0 VKA = Vref Tamb = 25C -0.1 600 VKA = 3V TO 36V -0.2 Imin d(Vref)/d(Vka) - (mV/V) I K - CATHODE CURRENT - (A) 125 Figure 9. Reference Input Current vs. Temperature Figure 6. Reference Input Voltage vs. Temperature 125 100 400 200 0 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 -0.8 -0.9 -200 -1 0 1 2 -1 3 -75 VKA - CATHODE VOLTAGE - (V) -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Tamb - TEMPERATURE - (C) SL01173 SL01172 Figure 8. Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage 2002 Jan 22 -50 Figure 11. Ratio of Delta Reference Voltage to Delta Cathode Voltage over Temperature 6 Philips Semiconductors Product data TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators 4 Vn - INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE - V 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 t - TIME - (SECONDS) 7 8 9 10 Equivalent Input Noise Voltage Over a 10-Second Period 19.1V 1k 500F 910 2000F VCC VCC 1F TL431 (DUT) TLE2027 AV = 10V/mV 820 TLE2027 AV = 2V/V 16k 22F 16k 16 160k 1F 1M 33k CRO 0.1F 33k VEE VEE Test Circuit SL01174 Figure 12. 400 IK = 10mA Tamb = 25C Vn - NOISE VOLTAGE - nV/ Hz 350 300 250 200 150 100 10 100 1K f-FREQUENCY-Hz 10K Figure 13. Equivalent Input Noise Voltage vs. Frequency 2002 Jan 22 7 100K SL01180 Philips Semiconductors Product data TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS INPUT AND OUTPUT VOLTAGE - V 7 6 220 OUTPUT 5 PULSE GENERATOR f = 100kHz 4 50 3 GND 2 1 Test Circuit 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 t - TIME - s Pulse Response SL01182 Figure 14. Pulse Response 100 90 IK - CATHODE CURRENT - (mA) 80 150 Tamb = 25C A VKA = Vref B VKA = 5V C VKA = 10V D VKA = 15V UNSTABLE VKA < 5 B IK VBATT CL 70 UNSTABLE VKA < 10 STABLE STABLE 60 A Test Circuit for Curve A 50 A 40 R1 = 10k 30 150 CL 20 R2 C 10 0 0.001 IK VBATT UNSTABLE VKA < 15V D 0.01 UNSTABLE VKA 0.1 1 CL - LOAD CAPACITANCE - (F) 10 Test Circuit for Curves B, C, and D SL01176 Figure 15. Stability Boundary Conditions 2002 Jan 22 8 Philips Semiconductors Product data TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators 100 IK = 10mA Tamb = 25C |ZKA| - REFERENCE IMPEDANCE - 1k OUTPUT 10 IK 50 GND 1 Test Circuit for Reference Impedance 0.1 1K 10K 100K 1M 10M f - FREQUENCY - Hz SL01175 Figure 16. Reference Impedance vs. Frequency 70 IK = 10mA Tamb = 25C Av - VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION - dB 60 OUTPUT 50 15k IK 230 9F 40 8.25k 30 GND 20 Test Circuit for Voltage Amplification 10 0 1K 10K 100K FREQUENCY IN Hz 1M 10M SL01181 Figure 17. Small-Signal Voltage Amplification vs. Frequency 2002 Jan 22 9 Philips Semiconductors Product data TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators TYPICAL APPLICATIONS V+ V+ VOUT VOUT R1 R1 R2 R2 V OUT + 1 ) R1 V ref R2 VOUT Min = Vref + Vbe V OUT + 1 ) R1 V ref R2 SL01183 Figure 18. Shunt Regulator SL01186 Figure 21. Series Pass Regulator V+ RCL V+ IOUT VOUT VIN VIN VOUT < Vref V+ > Vref 2.0V I OUT + V ref R CL VTH = Vref SL01187 SL01184 Figure 19. Single-Supply Comparator with Temperature-Compensated Threshold V+ Figure 22. Constant Current Source V+ VOUT ISINK R1 I SINK + V ref RS R2 RS V OUT + 1 ) R1 V ref R2 SL01185 SL01189 Figure 20. High Current Shunt Regulator 2002 Jan 22 Figure 23. Constant Current Sink 10 Philips Semiconductors Product data TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators SO8: plastic small outline package; 8 leads; body width 3.9 mm 2002 Jan 22 11 SOT96-1 Philips Semiconductors Product data TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators DIP8: plastic dual in-line package; 8 leads (300 mil) 2002 Jan 22 12 SOT97-1 Philips Semiconductors Product data TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators SO5: plastic small outline package; 5 leads; body width 1.6 mm 2002 Jan 22 13 SOT680-1 Philips Semiconductors Product data TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators Data sheet status Data sheet status [1] Product status [2] Definitions Objective data Development This data sheet contains data from the objective specification for product development. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to change the specification in any manner without notice. Preliminary data Qualification This data sheet contains data from the preliminary specification. Supplementary data will be published at a later date. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to change the specification without notice, in order to improve the design and supply the best possible product. Product data Production This data sheet contains data from the product specification. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes at any time in order to improve the design, manufacturing and supply. Changes will be communicated according to the Customer Product/Process Change Notification (CPCN) procedure SNW-SQ-650A. [1] Please consult the most recently issued data sheet before initiating or completing a design. [2] The product status of the device(s) described in this data sheet may have changed since this data sheet was published. The latest information is available on the Internet at URL http://www.semiconductors.philips.com. Definitions Short-form specification -- The data in a short-form specification is extracted from a full data sheet with the same type number and title. For detailed information see the relevant data sheet or data handbook. Limiting values definition -- Limiting values given are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 60134). Stress above one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability. Application information -- Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. Philips Semiconductors make no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or modification. Disclaimers Life support -- These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of these products can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Philips Semiconductors customers using or selling these products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Philips Semiconductors for any damages resulting from such application. Right to make changes -- Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes, without notice, in the products, including circuits, standard cells, and/or software, described or contained herein in order to improve design and/or performance. Philips Semiconductors assumes no responsibility or liability for the use of any of these products, conveys no license or title under any patent, copyright, or mask work right to these products, and makes no representations or warranties that these products are free from patent, copyright, or mask work right infringement, unless otherwise specified. Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2002 All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. Contact information For additional information please visit http://www.semiconductors.philips.com. Fax: +31 40 27 24825 Date of release: 01-02 For sales offices addresses send e-mail to: sales.addresses@www.semiconductors.philips.com. Document order number: 2002 Jan 22 14 9397 750 09375