![](data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQEARgBGAAD/2wBDAAgGBgcGBQgHBwcJCQgKDBQNDAsLDBkSEw8UHRofHh0aHBwgJC4nICIsIxwcKDcpLDAxNDQ0Hyc5PTgyPC4zNDL/2wBDAQkJCQwLDBgNDRgyIRwhMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjL/wAARCAMDAlQDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAHwAAAQUBAQEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAECAwQFBgcICQoL/8QAtRAAAgEDAwIEAwUFBAQAAAF9AQIDAAQRBRIhMUEGE1FhByJxFDKBkaEII0KxwRVS0fAkM2JyggkKFhcYGRolJicoKSo0NTY3ODk6Q0RFRkdISUpTVFVWV1hZWmNkZWZnaGlqc3R1dnd4eXqDhIWGh4iJipKTlJWWl5iZmqKjpKWmp6ipqrKztLW2t7i5usLDxMXGx8jJytLT1NXW19jZ2uHi4+Tl5ufo6erx8vP09fb3+Pn6/8QAHwEAAwEBAQEBAQEBAQAAAAAAAAECAwQFBgcICQoL/8QAtREAAgECBAQDBAcFBAQAAQJ3AAECAxEEBSExBhJBUQdhcRMiMoEIFEKRobHBCSMzUvAVYnLRChYkNOEl8RcYGRomJygpKjU2Nzg5OkNERUZHSElKU1RVVldYWVpjZGVmZ2hpanN0dXZ3eHl6goOEhYaHiImKkpOUlZaXmJmaoqOkpaanqKmqsrO0tba3uLm6wsPExcbHyMnK0tPU1dbX2Nna4uPk5ebn6Onq8vP09fb3+Pn6/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwD3+iiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKQ9aAFoptHagB1FNrgfGvim/Oow+F/Dfzatcf62UEfuF69exxznsPciplJRVzfD4edefJH5vol3Z6BRXlY+Ec8kP2qfxHdnVvvefyVB9Mk7vxyPpV7wf4j1fTtefwp4ocNdhd1pcsf9cPTPfgcHrwQeannd7SVjqngqbg5UKim47qzT9V3R6NRTaK0POHUU2igB1FN7UUAOoptFADqKbRQA6im0UAOoptHagB1FNooAdRTaKAHUU2igB1FNooAdRTe1FADqKbRQA6im0UAOoptFADqKbR2oAdRTaKAHUU2igB1FNooAdRTaO1ADqKbRQA6im0UAOoptFADqKbRQA6im9qKAHUU2igB1FNooAdRTaKAHUU2jtQA6im06gAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAK5nx94lHhLwZqWrgqJ449luCM5lbheO+Cc/QGumrwD456nc+IfF+ieCNOYsTIjzKOnmyfKmf91cn6NQBzsvxW+Ipi0WGPU7VrvUz5kUaWqb9pcxorZGBkqTxzgjnmr2v/ABj8Wai2qahod5badpOnypDGfIWRrlmYheWB5IV2wMYA79al8TfC278FaHqviefVG1G4tYUtrFY4dvlIcRB2x3VOmO+DmuK8O6LL4t/sPw7pUMr2kTm61W42EIjM2CSfRY1UD3LY60Adz/wufxIut2RnaGO1g0tbq+hWIYkkMZdcMeVDFohx03VjaH498QG3glsPsa+JNaviiz/Z0/dwD7zNx0Zj17CI1xTJceJNW8Q6uqNHZRxy3MoXgKhYCJPpuMYA9B7Vr+GdE1C3+H/iHxakcp8iIafasATtEjASsPQBGK5/2z6UWKUpJNJ7nTa58a/FF7JdyaLqVvZ2NjsRHeFGluznbuIYEDOGbAAAHFS+N/iJq97p3g7yrWBtdltftUpW3Dtl2xHsGDgkLuwP7wrmPCOmQa4dH0zTbSBinmXWtX9xarIsEe77oLggAIuRjqz47V3Pwetx4s+Jmt+Kri2229omyzjK4EIb5Y1X/djUr+NFrhGTi7xdmer+BNQ1q88MxXniaRIdSunaT7KyCIwJnCoV65wM88/NXnHj74o6/wD8JXqeieGbu3srbSbd5bu8eISEso5UbgQPmKoOPvHriu+8TeE9GtotS8UDTpLrVbaF7qMGV23yIuVG3ODyoGMV8yaWL7XtOm0jTIbi91zV77fdsEJPlLgrlvQuzMx6DYtJX6lVFTVuRt97q36s9Fu/jH4mtfhjpd288S63eXsqpP5KnfbxgAsVxjJZtvT+E0/QPib4zj8eNZa7qUL2Gm20k2pJHbIAoSPLDIGdwchODjNcjJbRxeN5Ip9s+l+E7TG3HySPFxj6PcN+TH0qrPZanZ/C658QTRyvL4g1Exz3JBz5SEsQT23y8/8AbMUzM3r74zeNrjydWtNSs7eGe7aKHTI4Edtq7TliQWwdwGcjJBxjFe8rqGr/APCVLFI0K6btG4ZXAOOfm+vH9Mc14j8OfDx8TeMbGTTtKgTw5p0cXnXUtmm6eVUGSHYZyz5OAeF9K9kf4W+EpHZ3sJWdjlmNzJkk9/vVMr9DajGi7+1k16K/6o6z7Vbf8/EX/fYo+1W3/PxF/wB9iuR/4VV4Q/6B0n/gTJ/8VR/wqrwh/wBA6T/wJk/+Kqbz7G/Jg/55f+Ar/wCSOu+1W3/PxF/32KPtVt/z8Rf99iuR/wCFVeEP+gdJ/wCBMn/xVH/CqvCH/QOk/wDAmT/4qi8+wcmD/nl/4Cv/AJI677Vbf8/EX/fYo+1W3/PxF/32K5H/AIVV4Q/6B0n/AIEyf/FUf8Kq8If9A6T/AMCZP/iqLz7ByYP+eX/gK/8AkjrvtVt/z8Rf99ij7Vbf8/EX/fYrkf8AhVXhD/oHSf8AgTJ/8VR/wqrwh/0DpP8AwJk/+KovPsHJg/55f+Ar/wCSOu+1W3/PxF/32KPtVt/z8Rf99iuR/wCFVeEP+gdJ/wCBMn/xVH/CqvCH/QOk/wDAmT/4qi8+wcmD/nl/4Cv/AJI677Vbf8/EX/fYo+1W3/PxF/32K5H/AIVV4Q/6B0n/AIEyf/FUf8Kq8If9A6T/AMCZP/iqLz7ByYP+eX/gK/8AkjrvtVt/z8Rf99ij7Vbf8/EX/fYrkf8AhVXhD/oHSf8AgTJ/8VR/wqrwh/0DpP8AwJk/+KovPsHJg/55f+Ar/wCSOu+1W3/PxF/32KPtVt/z8Rf99iuR/wCFVeEP+gdJ/wCBMn/xVH/CqvCH/QOk/wDAmT/4qi8+wcmD/nl/4Cv/AJI677Vbf8/EX/fYo+1W3/PxF/32K5H/AIVV4Q/6B0n/AIEyf/FUf8Kq8If9A6T/AMCZP/iqLz7ByYP+eX/gK/8AkjrvtVt/z8Rf99ij7Vbf8/EX/fYrkf8AhVXhD/oHSf8AgTJ/8VR/wqrwh/0DpP8AwJk/+KovPsHJg/55f+Ar/wCSOu+1W3/PxF/32KPtVt/z8Rf99iuR/wCFVeEP+gdJ/wCBMn/xVH/CqvCH/QOk/wDAmT/4qi8+wcmD/nl/4Cv/AJI677Vbf8/EX/fYo+1W3/PxF/32K5H/AIVV4Q/6B0n/AIEyf/FUf8Kq8If9A6T/AMCZP/iqLz7ByYP+eX/gK/8AkjrvtVt/z8Rf99ij7Vbf8/EX/fYrkf8AhVXhD/oHSf8AgTJ/8VR/wqrwh/0DpP8AwJk/+KovPsHJg/55f+Ar/wCSOu+1W3/PxF/32KPtVt/z8Rf99iuR/wCFVeEP+gdJ/wCBMn/xVH/CqvCH/QOk/wDAmT/4qi8+wcmD/nl/4Cv/AJI677Vbf8/EX/fYo+1W3/PxF/32K5H/AIVV4Q/6B0n/AIEyf/FUf8Kq8If9A6T/AMCZP/iqLz7ByYP+eX/gK/8AkjrvtVt/z8Rf99ij7Vbf8/EX/fYrkf8AhVXhD/oHSf8AgTJ/8VR/wqrwh/0DpP8AwJk/+KovPsHJg/55f+Ar/wCSOu+1W3/PxF/32KPtVt/z8Rf99iuR/wCFVeEP+gdJ/wCBMn/xVH/CqvCH/QOk/wDAmT/4qi8+wcmD/nl/4Cv/AJI677Vbf8/EX/fYo+1W3/PxF/32K5H/AIVV4Q/6B0n/AIEyf/FUf8Kq8If9A6T/AMCZP/iqLz7ByYP+eX/gK/8AkjrvtVt/z8Rf99ij7Vbf8/EX/fYrkf8AhVXhD/oHSf8AgTJ/8VR/wqrwh/0DpP8AwJk/+KovPsHJg/55f+Ar/wCSOu+1W3/PxF/32KPtVt/z8Rf99iuR/wCFVeEP+gdJ/wCBMn/xVH/CqvCH/QOk/wDAmT/4qi8+wcmD/nl/4Cv/AJI677Vbf8/EX/fYo+1W3/PxF/32K5H/AIVV4Q/6B0n/AIEyf/FUf8Kq8If9A6T/AMCZP/iqLz7ByYP+eX/gK/8AkjrvtVt/z8Rf99ij7Vbf8/EX/fYrkf8AhVXhD/oHSf8AgTJ/8VR/wqrwh/0DpP8AwJk/+KovPsHJg/55f+Ar/wCSOu+1W3/PxF/32KPtVt/z8Rf99iuR/wCFVeEP+gdJ/wCBMn/xVH/CqvCH/QOk/wDAmT/4qi8+wcmD/nl/4Cv/AJI677Vbf8/EX/fYo+1W3/PxF/32K5H/AIVV4Q/6B0n/AIEyf/FUf8Kq8If9A6T/AMCZP/iqLz7ByYP+eX/gK/8AkjrvtVt/z8Rf99ij7Vbf8/EX/fYrkf8AhVXhD/oHSf8AgTJ/8VR/wqrwh/0DpP8AwJk/+KovPsHJg/55f+Ar/wCSOu+1W3/PxF/32KPtVt/z8Rf99iuR/wCFVeEP+gdJ/wCBMn/xVH/CqvCH/QOk/wDAmT/4qi8+wcmD/nl/4Cv/AJI69bm3ZgFniJJwAHHNT1yWn/DjwvpmoQX1rYMs8Dh42ad2AYdDgnFdbVRv1MKypJ/um2vNW/VhRRRVGIUUUUAFFFFABRRRQAV538SbXWNOe38S6Nd3K/ZGH2m3EjGNlHRimcex9seleiUySJZUZHAZWGCpGQRUyjzKxvhq/sKqna66rujJ8O69aeJdEgv7ZlIkXEsWcmNu6n/PSue8eeLIPDWlnT9NCHVbsbIYogMxg8biB39PU1UufhSkOoy3eg69eaQJTlo4lJUewwynHsc1e8O/DTT9G1L+1Ly8m1PUM7hNOOFb+9jJOfck1D52rWO+McBTn7Xncluo2d/RvawzQ7XUdEs9L0SW7luNVvle5u57iQy+RGm3cF3E85dFHblm5xgw2Xjhoba8a7tZLhQhuYCmxQ1vh8Mf95Yi/wD20UcZFdjeaNY6hcRT3MO6aJWRHV2UhWxuU4IyDgcHjgVWfwvosjozWEWUKlcEj7oUAYB5ACJx0+UcVolZWPMqVHUm5y3Zi2/jK2F1HZwaRMjTeYIwCigsjBXzzgAHzOT1ETkZ4zBB4/jlC3EenzeQyRfuztDKzmP+Ldg8TRjGOu7ng41dU8FaZqMEcCF7WIIInEOAXjAYBdx5HEkg4672zntZufCulzW8yRW6QSyAkSooJRiXO4BsgkF2PII/IYZBFYeJob61u7v7PJDawWy3SyyMPnjYMQcfw8LuwezL7gc3Y+N5bSd5tU0w24miBSC32swkBTIPckmaNfQFW6ckdRpnhbT9O0m504hriG6ctOJDkMNoUL/uhVVQPQVNL4Z0ibeXsk3O28srMrbt7PkEHIO5mPHr6UAUr7V7x/Cw1OwsX8wspdCm5kjD4d1XI3HaCwHfjg9KxYfGYS+ZZEkv9PuEVLJ40QGdsplsHHVp44+wBUk45x1lxoWnXVvBby2w+zwJ5ccKMyJswBtKggFcAcHI4qOXw3pM20tZICpyrKSpU7y/BB4+ZiePWgDn18e2kEMbPplxFBu8tmVkOH8t5AqgHnKKp/7aL3NasXiVJNFi1BrSWN5p2gigcgF2DEZBPG3Cls/3QTRZ+DNGtIJYzbmUyM5LOxyoLAgLg/LgKgBGDhF54q9PoGl3NhBYy2UTWtuQYogMKvyleg7bWYEdwSD1oA5/TvFsmoC91h4pLbRLKySZt20u0jRiVlI/2UZAMHrnrxVXTfFes2lzHDrljJvnS2JiRUDQNJJsJOGOU3EBf4sRyE8AV1x0ewNm9obZPs8kvnPH2Z92/J/4Fz/9akm0awuNQF/Lbq10IxH5hJ+6N2OM4ON74PUbj6mgDloviVps0KSR2d2QyRMAAuSXA+Uc9QxVT6Hceik1uaF4hGutJ5dnNCsSDzGkwNrknC46n5cNnHRl9acvhLQkh8mPToY0xGP3eVIEYITBByMAkfifU1fstNs9NiaOyt44I2bcVjXAyAFH6KB9ABQBZopcUYoASilxRj3oASilxRigBKKXFGKAEopcUYoASilxRigBKKXHvRigBKKXFGKAEopcUYoASilxRigBKKXFGPegBKKXFGKAEopcUYoASilxRigBKKXFGPegBKKXFGKAEopcUYoASilxRigBKKXFGKAEopce9GKAEopcUYoASilxRigBKKXFGKAEopcUY96AEp1JiloAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigD5JvfjR8QIr66jTX8IkjKo+xwcAMR/cqE/Gv4hc/8AFQdB/wA+Vv8A/G6KKmGsV/XYmGsUB+NfxC5/4qDoP+fK3/8AjdB+NfxC5/4qDoP+fK3/APjdFFUv6/AoD8a/iFz/AMVB0H/Plb//ABug/Gv4hc/8VB0H/Plb/wDxuiihf1+AAfjX8Quf+Kg6D/nyt/8A43QfjX8Quf8AioOg/wCfK3/+N0UUL+vwAD8a/iFz/wAVB0H/AD5W/wD8boPxr+IXP/FQdB/z5W//AMboooX9fgAH41/ELn/ioOg/58rf/wCN0H41/ELn/ioOg/58rf8A+N0UUL+vwAD8a/iFz/xUHQf8+Vv/APG6D8a/iFz/AMVB0H/Plb//ABuiihf1+AAfjX8Quf8AioOg/wCfK3/+N0H41/ELn/ioOg/58rf/AON0UUL+vwAD8a/iFz/xUHQf8+Vv/wDG6D8a/iFz/wAVB0H/AD5W/wD8boooX9fgAH41/ELn/ioOg/58rf8A+N0H41/ELn/ioOg/58rf/wCN0UUL+vwAD8a/iFz/AMVB0H/Plb//ABug/Gv4hc/8VB0H/Plb/wDxuiihf1+AAfjX8Quf+Kg6D/nyt/8A43QfjX8Quf8AioOg/wCfK3/+N0UUL+vwAD8a/iFz/wAVB0H/AD5W/wD8boPxr+IXP/FQdB/z5W//AMboooX9fgAH41/ELn/ioOg/58rf/wCN0H41/ELn/ioOg/58rf8A+N0UUL+vwAD8a/iFz/xUHQf8+Vv/APG6D8a/iFz/AMVB0H/Plb//ABuiihf1+AAfjX8Quf8AioOg/wCfK3/+N0H41/ELn/ioOg/58rf/AON0UUL+vwAD8a/iFz/xUHQf8+Vv/wDG6D8a/iFz/wAVB0H/AD5W/wD8boooX9fgAH41/ELn/ioOg/58rf8A+N0H41/ELn/ioOg/58rf/wCN0UUL+vwAD8a/iFz/AMVB0H/Plb//ABug/Gv4hc/8VB0H/Plb/wDxuiihf1+AAfjX8Quf+Kg6D/nyt/8A43QfjX8Quf8AioOg/wCfK3/+N0UUL+vwAD8a/iFz/wAVB0H/AD5W/wD8boPxr+IXP/FQdB/z5W//AMboooX9fgAH41/ELn/ioOg/58rf/wCN0H41/ELn/ioOg/58rf8A+N0UUL+vwAD8a/iFz/xUHQf8+Vv/APG6D8a/iFz/AMVB0H/Plb//ABuiihf1+AAfjX8Quf8AioOg/wCfK3/+N0H41/ELn/ioOg/58rf/AON0UUL+vwAD8a/iFz/xUHQf8+Vv/wDG6D8a/iFz/wAVB0H/AD5W/wD8boooX9fgAH41/ELn/ioOg/58rf8A+N0H41/ELn/ioOg/58rf/wCN0UUL+vwAD8a/iFz/AMVB0H/Plb//ABug/Gv4hc/8VB0H/Plb/wDxuiihf1+AAfjX8Quf+Kg6D/nyt/8A43QfjX8Quf8AioOg/wCfK3/+N0UUL+vwAD8a/iFz/wAVB0H/AD5W/wD8boPxr+IXP/FQdB/z5W//AMboooX9fgAH41/ELn/ioOg/58rf/wCN0H41/ELn/ioOg/58rf8A+N0UUL+vwAD8a/iFz/xUHQf8+Vv/APG6D8a/iFz/AMVB0H/Plb//ABuiihf1+AAfjX8Quf8AioOg/wCfK3/+N0H41/ELn/ioOg/58rf/AON0UUL+vwAD8a/iFz/xUHQf8+Vv/wDG6D8a/iFz/wAVB0H/AD5W/wD8boooX9fgAH41/ELn/ioOg/58rf8A+N0H41/ELn/ioOg/58rf/wCN0UUL+vwAD8a/iFz/AMVB0H/Plb//ABug/Gv4hc/8VB0H/Plb/wDxuiihf1+AAfjX8Quf+Kg6D/nyt/8A43QfjX8Quf8AioOg/wCfK3/+N0UUL+vwAD8a/iFz/wAVB0H/AD5W/wD8boPxr+IXP/FQdB/z5W//AMboooX9fgA1vjZ8QwePEP8A5JW//wAbooooA//Z)
MCD10048 Rev. 1.0 Page 6 of 38 www.power-one.com
QM48T40 DC-DC Converter Data Sheet
36-75 VDC Input; 1.0-3.3 VDC @ 40 A Output
An effective internal LC differential filter significantly reduces
input reflected ripple current, and improves EMC.
With the addition of a simple external filter, all versions of the
QmaX™ Series of converters pass the requirements of
Class B conducted emissions per EN55022 and FCC, and
meet at a minimum, Class A radiated emissions per
EN55022 and Class B per FCC Title 47CFR, Part 15-J.
Please contact Power-One Applications Engineering for
details of this testing.
Characterization
General Information
The converter has been characterized for many operational
aspects, to include thermal derating (maximum load current
as a function of ambient temperature and airflow) for vertical
and horizontal mounting, efficiency, startup and shutdown
parameters, output ripple and noise, transient response to
load step-change, overload, and short circuit.
The figures are numbered as Fig. x.y, where x indicates the
different output voltages, and y associates with specific plots
(y = 1 for the vertical thermal derating, …). For example,
Fig. x.1 will refer to the vertical thermal derating for all the
output voltages in general.
The following pages contain specific plots or waveforms
associated with the converter. Additional comments for
specific data are provided below.
Test Conditions
All data presented were taken with the converter soldered to
a test board, specifically a 0.060” thick printed wiring board
(PWB) with four layers. The top and bottom layers were not
metalized. The two inner layers, comprised of two-ounce
copper, were used to provide traces for connectivity to the
converter.
The lack of metalization on the outer layers as well as the
limited thermal connection ensured that heat transfer from
the converter to the PWB was minimized. This provides a
worst-case but consistent scenario for thermal derating
purposes.
All measurements requiring airflow were made in the vertical
and horizontal wind tunnel using Infrared (IR) thermography
and thermocouples for thermometry.
Ensuring components on the converter do not exceed their
ratings is important to maintaining high reliability. If one
anticipates operating the converter at or close to the
maximum loads specified in the derating curves, it is prudent
to check actual operating temperatures in the application.
Thermographic imaging is preferable; if this capability is not
available, then thermocouples may be used. The use of
AWG #40 gauge thermocouples is recommended to ensure
measurement accuracy. Careful routing of the thermocouple
leads will further minimize measurement error. Refer to
Figure H for optimum measuring thermocouple location.
Thermal Derating
Load current vs. ambient temperature and airflow rates are
given in Figs. x.1 and x.2 for vertical and horizontal converter
mounting. Ambient temperature was varied between 25 °C
and 85 °C, with airflow rates from 30 to 500 LFM (0.15 to
2.5 m/s).
For each set of conditions, the maximum load current was
defined as the lowest of:
(i) The output current at which any FET junction temperature
does not exceed a maximum specified temperature (120 °C)
as indicated by the thermographic image, or
(ii) The nominal rating of the converter (40 A on 3.3 – 1.0 V).
During normal operation, derating curves with maximum FET
temperature less or equal to 120 °C should not be exceeded.
Temperature on the PCB at the thermocouple location
shown in Fig. H should not exceed 118 °C in order to
operate inside the derating curves.
Efficiency
Fig. x.3 shows the efficiency vs. load current plot for ambient
temperature of 25 ºC, airflow rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) with
vertical mounting and input voltages of 36 V, 48 V and 72 V.
Also, a plot of efficiency vs. load current, as a function of
ambient temperature with Vin = 48 V, airflow rate of 200 LFM
(1 m/s) with vertical mounting is shown in Fig. x.4.
Power Dissipation
Fig. x.5 shows the power dissipation vs. load current plot for
Ta = 25 ºC, airflow rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) with vertical
mounting and input voltages of 36 V, 48 V and 72 V. Also, a
plot of power dissipation vs. load current, as a function of
ambient temperature with Vin = 48 V, airflow rate of 200 LFM
(1 m/s) with vertical mounting is shown in Fig. x.6.
Startup
Output voltage waveforms, during the turn-on transient using
the ON/OFF pin for full rated load currents (resistive load)
are shown without and with external load capacitance in
Fig. x.7 and Fig. x.8, respectively.