36-75 Vdc DC/DC converter
Output up to 40 A/72 W
PKM 4000D Series
Safety Approvals
Datasheet
Key Features
• Industry standard quarterbrick 57.93 x 36.80 x 9.1 mm
(2.278 x 1.449 x 0.35 In.)
• RoHS compliant
• High efficiency, typ. 89.5 % at 1.8 V half load
• 1500 Vdc input to output isolation, meets isolation
requirements equivalent to basic insulation according
to IEC/EN/UL 60950
• More than 3.15 million hours MTBF
The PKM 4000D series of high efficiency DC/DC con-
verters are designed to provide high quality on-board
power solutions in distributed power architectures used in
Internetworking equipment in wireless and wired com-
munications applications. The PKM 4000D series uses
patented synchronous rectifi cation technology and
achieves an effi ciency up to 89% at full load. Included as
standard features are output over-voltage protection, input
under-voltage protection, over temperature protection, soft-
start, output short circuit protection, remote sense, remote
control, and output voltage adjust function. These converters
are designed to meet high reliability requirements and are
manufactured in highly automated manufacturing lines and
meet world-class quality levels.
Ericsson Power Modules is an ISO 9001/14001 certified
supplier.
E
Contents
Product Program ......................2
Quality Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Limitation of Liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Mechanical Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Input ...............................4
Product Qualification Specification . . . . . . . . 5
Safety Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
PKM 4418LD PINB - 1.2 V Data . . . . . . . . . . 7
PKM 4618HD PINB - 1.5 V Data . . . . . . . . 10
PKM 4718GD PINB - 1.8 V Data . . . . . . . . 13
EMC Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Operating Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Thermal Consideration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Soldering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Delivery Package Information . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Compatibility with RoHS requirements . . . . 20
Reliability ...........................20
Sales Offices and Contact Information . . . . 21
2EN/LZT 146 201 R3A © Ericsson Power Modules, February 2007
PKM 4000D Datasheet
Product Program
VI
VO/IO max PO max Ordering No. Comment
Output 1
48/60
1.2 V/40 A 48 W PKM 4418LD PINB
1.5 V/40 A 60 W PKM 4618HD PINB
1.8 V/40 A 72 W PKM 4718GD PINB
2.5 V/40 A 100 W PKM 4119D PINB See Technical Specification PKM4000D series
3.3 V/35 A 116 W PKM 4110D PINB See Technical Specification PKM4000D series
5.0 V/25 A 125 W PKM 4111D PINB See Technical Specification PKM4000D series
12 V/11 A 132 W PKM 4113D PINB See Technical Specification PKM4000D series
Option Suffix Example
Baseplate PKM4418D PI
Increased stand-off and height M PKM4418LD PINBM
Lead length 3.69 mm (0.145 in) LA PKM4418LD PINBLA
Lead length 4.57 mm (0.180 in) LB PKM4418LD PINBLB
Note: As an example a positive logic, increased stand-off and short pin product would be
PKM 4110D PIPNBMLA.
Quality Statement
The PKM 4000D DC/DC converters are designed and
manufactured in an industrial environment where quality
systems and methods like ISO 9000, 6σ (sigma), and SPC
are intensively in use to boost the continuous improvements
strategy. Infant mortality or early failures in the products are
screened out and they are subjected to an ATE-based final
test. Conservative design rules, design reviews and product
qualifications, plus the high competence of an engaged work
force, contribute to the high quality of our products.
Limitation of Liability
Ericsson Power Modules does not make any other
warranties, expressed or implied including any warranty of
merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose (including,
but not limited to, use in life support applications, where
malfunctions of product can cause injury to a person's
health or life).
For more information about the complete product program, please refer to our
website: www.ericsson.com/powermodules
3EN/LZT 146 201 R3A © Ericsson Power Modules, February 2007
PKM 4000D Datasheet
Mechanical Information
Mechanical Information
4EN/LZT 146 201 R3A © Ericsson Power Modules, February 2007
PKM 4000D Datasheet
Fundamental Circuit Diagram
1
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4
7
6
5
2
3
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Absolute Maximum Ratings
Characteristics Conditions min typ max Unit
VIInput voltage range 36 75 Vdc
VIoff Turn-off input voltage Ramping from higher voltage 32 Vdc
VIon Turn-on input voltage Ramping from lower voltage 34 Vdc
CIInput capacitance 5.4 µF
PIi Input idling power Io= 0, VI = 53 V 3.5 W
PRC Input standby power (turned off with RC) VI = 53 V, RC activated 0.1 W
Input TPcb <TPcb max unless otherwise specified
Characteristics min typ max Unit
Tpcb Maximum Operating Tpcb Temperature (see thermal consideration section) -40 +125 ˚C
TSStorage temperature -55 +125 ˚C
VIInput voltage -0.5 +100 Vdc
VISO Isolation voltage (input to output test voltage) 1500 Vdc
Vtr Input voltage transient (Tp 100 ms) 80 Vdc
VRC
Negative logic (referenced to -In) 15 Vdc
Positive logic (referenced to -In) -0.5 15 Vdc
Vadj Maximum input -0.5 2xVoi Vdc
Stress in excess of Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage. Absolute
Maximum Ratings, sometimes referred to as no destruction limits, are normally tested with
one parameter at a time exceeding the limits of Output data or Electrical Characteristics.
If exposed to stress above these limits, function and performance may degrade in an
unspecified manner.
5EN/LZT 146 201 R3A © Ericsson Power Modules, February 2007
PKM 4000D Datasheet
Characteristics
Random Vibration IEC 68-2-34 Eb
Frequency
Spectral density
Duration
10 ... 500 Hz
0.025 g2/Hz
10 min each direction
Sinusoidal vibration IEC 68-2-6 Fc
Frequency
Amplitude
Acceleration
Number of cycles
10 ... 500 Hz
0.75 mm
10 g
10 in each axis
Mechanical shock
(half sinus) IEC 68-2-27 Ea
Peak acceleration
Duration
Pulse shape
200 g
3 ms
half sine
Temperature cycling IEC 68-2-14 Na
Temperature
Number of cycles
-40 ... +100 ˚C
300
Heat/Humidity IEC 68-2-67 Ca Temperature
Humidity
Duration
+85 ˚C
85 % RH
1000 hours
Solder heat stability IEC 68-2-20 1A Temperature, solder
Duration
260 ˚C
10 s
Resistance to cleaning agents IEC 68-2-45 XA
Method 2
Water
Isopropyl alcohol
Glycol ether
Method
+55 ±5 ˚C
+35 ±5 ˚C
+35 ±5 ˚C
with rubbing
Storage test IEC 68-2-2 BaTemperature
Duration
125 ˚C
1000 h
Cold (in operation) IEC 68-2-1 BcTemperature, TA
Duration
-40 ˚C
2 h
Operational life test Duration 1000 h
Product Qualification Specification
6EN/LZT 146 201 R3A © Ericsson Power Modules, February 2007
PKM 4000D Datasheet
Ericsson Power Modules DC/DC converters and DC/DC regulators
are designed in accordance with safety standards
IEC/EN/UL 60 950, Safety of Information Technology Equipment.
IEC/EN/UL60950 contains requirements to prevent injury or
damage due to the following hazards:
• Electrical shock
• Energy hazards
• Fire
• Mechanical and heat hazards
• Radiation hazards
• Chemical hazards
On-board DC-DC converters are defined as component power
supplies. As components they cannot fully comply with the
provisions of any Safety requirements without “Conditions of
Acceptability”. It is the responsibility of the installer to ensure that
the final product housing these components complies with the
requirements of all applicable Safety standards and Directives for
the final product.
Component power supplies for general use should comply with
the requirements in IEC60950, EN60950 and UL60950 “Safety of
information technology equipment”.
There are other more product related standards, e.g.
IEC61204-7 “Safety standard for power supplies",
IEEE802.3af “Ethernet LAN/MAN Data terminal equipment
power”, and ETS300132-2 “Power supply interface at the input to
telecommunications equipment; part 2: DC”,
but all of these standards are based on IEC/EN/UL60950 with
regards to safety.
Ericsson Power Modules DC/DC converters and DC/DC regulators
are UL 60 950 recognized and certified in accordance with EN 60
950.
The flammability rating for all construction parts of the products
meets UL 94V-0.
The products should be installed in the end-use equipment, in
accordance with the requirements of the ultimate application.
Normally the output of the DC/DC converter is considered as SELV
(Safety Extra Low Voltage) and the input source must be isolated by
minimum Double or Reinforced Insulation from the primary circuit
(AC mains) in accordance with
IEC/EN/UL 60 950.
Safety Specification
Isolated DC/DC converters.
The input voltage to the DC/DC regulator is SELV (Safety Extra Low
Voltage) and the output remains SELV under normal and abnormal
operating conditions.
It is recommended that a slow blow fuse with a rating
twice the maximum input current per selected product
be used at the input of each DC/DC regulator.
Non-isolated DC/DC regulators.
24 V dc systems.
The input voltage to the DC/DC converter is SELV (Safety Extra Low
Voltage) and the output remains SELV under normal and abnormal
operating conditions.
48 and 60 V dc systems.
If the input voltage to Ericsson Power Modules DC/DC converter
is 75 V dc or less, then the output remains SELV (Safety Extra Low
Voltage) under normal and abnormal operating conditions.
Single fault testing in the input power supply circuit should be
performed with the DC/DC converter connected to demonstrate
that the input voltage does not exceed 75 V dc.
If the input power source circuit is a DC power system, the source
may be treated as a TNV2 circuit and testing has demonstrated
compliance with SELV limits and isolation requirements equivalent
to Basic Insulation in accordance with IEC/EN/UL 60 950.
It is recommended that a fast blow fuse with a rating
twice the maximum input current per selected product
be used at the input of each DC/DC converter. If an input filter is
used in the circuit the fuse should be placed in front of the input
filter.
In the rare event of a component problem in the input filter or in the
DC/DC converter that imposes a short circuit on the input source,
this fuse will provide the following functions:
• Isolate the faulty DC/DC converter from the input power source
so as not to affect the operation of other parts of the system.
• Protect the distribution wiring from excessive current and power
loss thus preventing hazardous overheating.
The galvanic isolation is verified in an electric strength test. The test
voltage (VISO) between input and output is 1500 Vdc or 2250 Vdc for
60 seconds (refer to product specification). Leakage current is less
than 1µA at nominal input voltage.
General information.
7EN/LZT 146 201 R3A © Ericsson Power Modules, February 2007
PKM 4000D Datasheet
Characteristics Conditions
Output Unit
min typ max
VOi
Output voltage initial setting
and accuracy VI = 53 V, IOmax, TPcb = 25 °C 1.18 1.2 1.22 V
Output adjust range IOmax, VI = 53 V, TPcb = 25 °C 0.96 1.32 V
VO
Output voltage tolerance band 0.1...1 x IOmax 1.16 1.24 V
Idling voltage IO = 0 1.18 1.22 V
Line regulation IOmax -10 10 mV
Load regulation IO = 0.01...1 x IOmax, VI = 53 V -10 10 mV
Vtr Load transient
voltage deviation
0.1...1.0 x IOmax , VI = 53 V
Load step = 0.5 x IOmax ±130 mV
ttr Load transient recovery time 0.1...1.0 x IOmax , VI = 53 V
Load step = 0.5 x IOmax 100 µs
trRamp-up time 0.1...1 x IOmax, VI = 53 V
0.1...0.9 x VOnom 5 15 30 ms
tsStart-up time 0.1...1 x IOmax, VI = 53 V
From VI connected to 0.9 x VOnom 5 20 40 ms
IOOutput current 0 40 A
POmax Max output power At V = VOnom 48 W
Ilim Current limit threshold TPcb < TPcbmax 42 52 A
Isc Short circuit current TPcb = 25 °C 44 58 A
VOac Output ripple & noise See ripple and noise, IOmax, VOnom 50 100 mVp-p
SVR Supply voltage rejection (ac) TPcb = 25 °C, f = 100 Hz sine wave 1 Vp-p,
VI = 53 V 60 dB
ηEfficiency - 50% load TPcb = +25 °C, VI = 48 V, 0.5 x IOmax 87.5 %
ηEfficiency - 100% load TPcb = +25 °C, VI = 48 V, IOmax 82.5 85 %
ηEfficiency - 50% load TPcb = +25 °C, VI = 53 V, 0.5 x IOmax 87.5 %
ηEfficiency - 100% load TPcb = +25 °C, VI = 53 V, IOmax 82.5 85 %
PdPower Dissipation TPcb = +25 °C, VI = 53 V, IOmax 11 W
fsSwitching frequency 0 ... 1.0 x IOmax 145 155 165 kHz
PKM 4418LD PINB - 1.2 V Data
TPcb = –40…+90 °C, VI = 36...75V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specified.
8EN/LZT 146 201 R3A © Ericsson Power Modules, February 2007
PKM 4000D Datasheet
Efficiency
Output Characteristic
Output Current Derating
Power Dissipation
PKM 4418LD PINB Typical Characteristics
Output voltage vs. load current at TPcb = +25 °C, VI = 53 V.
Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow
at Vin = 53 V. DC/DC converter mounted vertically with airflow
testconditions as per the Thermal consideration section.
Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage at TPcb = +25 °C
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TPcb = +25 °C
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Tested in windtunnel with airflow and test conditions as per
the Thermal consideration section.
Thermal Resistance
9EN/LZT 146 201 R3A © Ericsson Power Modules, February 2007
PKM 4000D Datasheet
Output Ripple Transient
PKM 4418LD PINB Typical Characteristics
Output voltage ripple (20 mV/div.) at TPcb = +25 °C,
Vin = 53 V, IO = 40 A resistive load with C = 10 µF
tantalum and 0.1 µF ceramic capacitor.
Band width = 20 MHz. Time scale: 2 µs/div.
Output voltage response to load current step-change
(10-30-10 A) at TPcb = +25 °C, Vin = 53 V.
Top trace: Input voltage (100 mV/div.).
Bottom trace: load current (10 A/div.).
Time scale: 0.1 ms/div.
Output Voltage Adjust
Output voltage adjust resistor value vs.
percentage change in output voltage.
Output Voltage Adjust
Start-Up Turn-Off
Start-up enabled by connecting Vin.
IO = 40 A resistive load, TPcb = +25 °C, Vin = 53 V.
Top trace: output voltage (0.5 V/div.).
Bottom trace: input voltage (20 V/div.).
Time scale: 10 ms/div.
Turn-off enabled by disconnecting Vin.
IO = 40 A resistive load at TPcb = +25 °C, Vin = 53 V.
Top trace: output voltage (0.5 V/div.).
Bottom trace: input voltage (20 V/div.)
Time scale: 10 ms/div.
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The resistor value for an adjusted output voltage is
calculated by using the following equations:
Output Voltage Adjust Upwards, Increase:
Radj= [4.896 /(1.0208-(1.225/VO))-1 ] kOhm
Output Voltage Adjust Downwards, Decrease:
Radj= [5.104 /((1.225/VO) -1.0208)-1 ] kOhm
Eg Increase 8% =>Vout = 1.3 Vdc
4.896/1.0208-1.225/1.3-1=61 kOhm
Eg Decrease 8% =>Vout = 2.45 Vdc
5.104 /(1.225/1.1)-1.0208)-1=54 kOhm
10 EN/LZT 146 201 R3A © Ericsson Power Modules, February 2007
PKM 4000D Datasheet
Characteristics Conditions
Output Unit
min typ max
VOi
Output voltage initial setting
and accuracy VI = 53 V, IOmax, TPcb = 25 °C 1.47 1.5 1.53 V
Output adjust range IOmax, VI = 53 V, TPcb = 25 °C 1.35 1.65 V
VO
Output voltage tolerance band 0.1...1 x IOmax 1.44 1.56 V
Idling voltage IO = 0 1.44 1.56 V
Line regulation IOmax -10 10 mV
Load regulation IO = 0.01...1 x IOmax, VI = 53 V -10 10 mV
Vtr Load transient
voltage deviation
0.1...1.0 x IOmax , VI = 53 V
Load step = 0.5 x IOmax ±120 mV
ttr Load transient recovery time 0.1...1.0 x IOmax , VI = 53 V
Load step = 0.5 x IOmax 100 µs
trRamp-up time 0.1...1 x IOmax, VI = 53 V
0.1...0.9 x VOnom 5 15 30 ms
tsStart-up time 0.1...1 x IOmax, VI = 53 V
From VI connected to 0.9 x VOnom 5 20 40 ms
IOOutput current 0 40 A
POmax Max output power At V = VOnom 60 W
Ilim Current limit threshold TPcb < TPcbmax 42 52 A
Isc Short circuit current TPcb = 25 °C 44 58 A
VOac Output ripple & noise See ripple and noise, IOmax, VOnom 50 100 mVp-p
SVR Supply voltage rejection (ac) TPcb = 25 °C, f = 100 Hz sine wave 1 Vp-p,
VI = 53 V 68 dB
ηEfficiency - 50% load TPcb = +25 °C, VI = 48 V, 0.5 x IOmax 88.5 %
ηEfficiency - 100% load TPcb = +25 °C, VI = 48 V, IOmax 84 86.5 %
ηEfficiency - 50% load TPcb = +25 °C, VI = 53 V, 0.5 x IOmax 88.5 %
ηEfficiency - 100% load TPcb = +25 °C, VI = 53 V, IOmax 84 86.5 %
PdPower Dissipation TPcb = +25 °C, VI = 53 V, IOmax 12 W
fsSwitching frequency 0 ... 1.0 x IOmax 145 155 165 kHz
PKM 4618HD PINB - 1.5 V Data
TPcb = –40…+90 °C, VI = 36...75V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specified.
11 EN/LZT 146 201 R3A © Ericsson Power Modules, February 2007
PKM 4000D Datasheet
Efficiency
Output Characteristic
Output Current Derating
Power Dissipation
PKM 4618HD PINB Typical Characteristics
Output voltage vs. load current at TPcb = +25 °C, VI = 53 V.
Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow
at Vin = 53 V. DC/DC converter mounted vertically with airflow
testconditions as per the Thermal consideration section.
Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage at TPcb = +25 °C
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Tested in windtunnel with airflow and test conditions as per
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Thermal Resistance
12 EN/LZT 146 201 R3A © Ericsson Power Modules, February 2007
PKM 4000D Datasheet
Output Ripple Transient
PKM 4618HD PINB Typical Characteristics
Output voltage ripple (20 mV/div.) at TPcb = +25 °C,
Vin = 53 V, IO = 40 A resistive load with C = 10 µF
tantalum and 0.1 µF ceramic capacitor.
Band width = 20 MHz. Time scale: 2 µs/div.
Output voltage response to load current step-change
(10-30-10 A) at TPcb = +25 °C, Vin = 53 V.
Top trace: Input voltage (100 mV/div.).
Bottom trace: load current (10 A/div.).
Time scale: 0.1 ms/div.
Output Voltage Adjust
Output voltage adjust resistor value vs.
percentage change in output voltage.
Output Voltage Adjust
Start-Up Turn-Off
Start-up enabled by connecting Vin.
IO = 40 A resistive load, TPcb = +25 °C, Vin = 53 V.
Top trace: output voltage (0.5 V/div.).
Bottom trace: input voltage (20 V/div.).
Time scale: 10 ms/div.
Turn-off enabled by disconnecting Vin.
IO = 40 A resistive load at TPcb = +25 °C, Vin = 53 V.
Top trace: output voltage (0.5 V/div.).
Bottom trace: input voltage (20 V/div.)
Time scale: 10 ms/div.
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The resistor value for an adjusted output voltage is
calculated by using the following equations:
Output Voltage Adjust Upwards, Increase:
Radj= [5.917 /(0.8166-(1.225/VO))-1 ] kOhm
Output Voltage Adjust Downwards, Decrease:
Radj= [4.093 /(1.225-(0.8166/VO))-1 ] kOhm
Eg Increase 4% =>Vout = 2.6 Vdc
5.917/(0.8166-(1.225/1.62))=97 kOhm
Eg Decrease 2% =>Vout = 2.45 Vdc
4.093 /((1.225/1.38)-0.8166))-1=56.4 kOhm
13 EN/LZT 146 201 R3A © Ericsson Power Modules, February 2007
PKM 4000D Datasheet
Characteristics Conditions
Output Unit
min typ max
VOi
Output voltage initial setting
and accuracy VI = 53 V, IOmax, TPcb = 25 °C 1.77 1.8 1.83 V
Output adjust range IOmax, VI = 53 V, TPcb = 25 °C 1.62 1.98 V
VO
Output voltage tolerance band 0.1...1 x IOmax 1.74 1.86 V
Idling voltage IO = 0 1.77 1.83 V
Line regulation IOmax -10 10 mV
Load regulation IO = 0.01...1 x IOmax, VI = 53 V -10 10 mV
Vtr Load transient
voltage deviation
0.1...1.0 x IOmax , VI = 53 V
Load step = 0.5 x IOmax ±150 mV
ttr Load transient recovery time 0.1...1.0 x IOmax , VI = 53 V
Load step = 0.5 x IOmax 100 µs
trRamp-up time 0.1...1 x IOmax, VI = 53 V
0.1...0.9 x VOnom 5 10 25 ms
tsStart-up time 0.1...1 x IOmax, VI = 53 V
From VI connected to 0.9 x VOnom 5 10 30 ms
IOOutput current 0 40 A
POmax Max output power At V = VOnom 72 W
Ilim Current limit threshold TPcb < TPcbmax 42 53 A
Isc Short circuit current TPcb = 25 °C 44 63 A
VOac Output ripple & noise See ripple and noise, IOmax, VOnom 50 100 mVp-p
SVR Supply voltage rejection (ac) TPcb = 25 °C, f = 100 Hz sine wave 1 Vp-p,
VI = 53 V 68 dB
ηEfficiency - 50% load TPcb = +25 °C, VI = 48 V, 0.5 x IOmax 89.5 %
ηEfficiency - 100% load TPcb = +25 °C, VI = 48 V, IOmax 84.5 87 %
ηEfficiency - 50% load TPcb = +25 °C, VI = 53 V, 0.5 x IOmax 89.5 %
ηEfficiency - 100% load TPcb = +25 °C, VI = 53 V, IOmax 84.5 87 %
PdPower Dissipation TPcb = +25 °C, VI = 53 V, IOmax 14 W
fsSwitching frequency 0 ... 1.0 x IOmax 145 155 165 kHz
PKM 4718GD PINB - 1.8 V Data
TPcb = –40…+90 °C, VI = 36...75V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specified.
14 EN/LZT 146 201 R3A © Ericsson Power Modules, February 2007
PKM 4000D Datasheet
Efficiency
Output Characteristic
Output Current Derating
Power Dissipation
PKM 4718GD PINB Typical Characteristics
Output voltage vs. load current at TPcb = +25 °C, VI = 53 V.
Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow
at Vin = 53 V. DC/DC converter mounted vertically with airflow
testconditions as per the Thermal consideration section.
Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage at TPcb = +25 °C
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Tested in windtunnel with airflow and test conditions as per
the Thermal consideration section.
Thermal Resistance
15 EN/LZT 146 201 R3A © Ericsson Power Modules, February 2007
PKM 4000D Datasheet
Output Ripple Transient
PKM 4718GD PINB Typical Characteristics
Output voltage ripple (20 mV/div.) at TPcb = +25 °C,
Vin = 53 V, IO = 40 A resistive load with C = 10 µF
tantalum and 0.1 µF ceramic capacitor.
Band width = 20 MHz. Time scale: 2 µs/div.
Output voltage response to load current step-change
(10-30-10 A) at TPcb = +25 °C, Vin = 53 V.
Top trace: Input voltage (100 mV/div.).
Bottom trace: load current (10 A/div.).
Time scale: 0.1 ms/div.
Output Voltage Adjust
Output voltage adjust resistor value vs.
percentage change in output voltage.
Output Voltage Adjust
Start-Up Turn-Off
Start-up enabled by connecting Vin.
IO = 40 A resistive load, TPcb = +25 °C, Vin = 53 V.
Top trace: output voltage (1 V/div.).
Bottom trace: input voltage (20 V/div.).
Time scale: 10 ms/div.
Turn-off enabled by disconnecting Vin.
IO = 40 A resistive load at TPcb = +25 °C, Vin = 53 V.
Top trace: output voltage (1 V/div.).
Bottom trace: input voltage (20 V/div.)
Time scale: 10 ms/div.
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The resistor value for an adjusted output voltage is
calculated by using the following equations:
Output Voltage Adjust Upwards, Increase:
Radj= 5.11 [1.8(100+Δ%) / 1.225Δ%- (100+2Δ%) /Δ% ] kOhm
Output Voltage Adjust Downwards, Decrease:
Radj= 5.11 [(100 / Δ%-2) ] kOhm
Eg Increase 4% =>Vout = 2.6 Vdc
5.11 [1.8(100+4)/(1.225x4)-(100+2x4)/4]=57.25 kOhm
Eg Decrease 2% =>Vout = 2.45 Vdc
5.11 x(100/2-2)=245.3 kOhm
16 EN/LZT 146 201 R3A © Ericsson Power Modules, February 2007
PKM 4000D Datasheet
EMC Specification
The conducted EMI measurement was performed using a
module placed directly on the test bench.
The fundamental switching frequency is 150kHz.
Conducted EMI Input termonal value (typ) .
External filter (class B)
Required external input filter in order to meet class B in
EN 55022, CISPR 22 and FCC part 15J.
The capacitors are ceramic type. Low ESR is critical for
achieving these results.
Test set-up.
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Layout Recommendation
The radiated EMI performance of the DC/DC converter will
be optimised by including a ground plane in the Pcb area un-
der the DC/DC converter. This approach will return switching
noise to ground as directly as possible, with improvements
to both emissions and susceptibility. If one ground trace is
used, it should be connected to the input return. Alterna-
tively, two ground traces may be used, with the trace under
the input side of the DC/DC converter connected to the input
return and the trace under the output side of the DC/DC
converter connected to the output return.
Make sure to use appropriate safety isolation spacing be-
tween these two return traces. The use of two traces as de-
scribed will provide the capability of routing the input noise
and output noise back to their respective returns.
PKM 4110D without filter.
PKM 4110D with filter.
Output ripple and noise test setup
Output ripple and noise
The circuit below has been used for the ripple and noise
measurements on the PKM 4000D Series DC/DC converters.
BNC
Connector
to Scope
Ceramic
Capacitor
+Vout
+Sense
Trim
-Sense
-Vout
Load
Tantalum
Capacitor
* Conductor from Vout to capacitors = 50mm [1.97in]
+
0.1uF 10uF
17 EN/LZT 146 201 R3A © Ericsson Power Modules, February 2007
PKM 4000D Datasheet
Operating Information
Input Voltage
The input voltage range 36…75 Vdc meets the requirements
of the European Telecom Standard ETS 300 132-2 for
normal input voltage range in –48 V and –60 V DC systems,
-40.5…-57.0 V and –50.0…-72 V respectively. At input
voltages exceeding 75 V, the power loss will be higher than
at normal input voltage and TPcb must be limited to absolute
max +110 °C. The absolute maximum continuous input
voltage is 80 Vdc.
Turn-Off Input Voltage
The PKM 4000D Series DC/DC converters monitor the input
voltage and will turn on and turn off at predetermined levels.
The minimum hysteresis between turn on and turn off input
voltage is 1 V where the turn on input voltage is the highest.
Output Voltage Adjust (Vadj)
All PKM 4000D Series DC/DC converters have an Output
Voltage adjust pin (Vadj). This pin can be used to adjust the
output voltage above or below Output voltage initial setting.
When increasing the output voltage, the voltage at the output
pins (including any remote sense offset) must be kept below
the overvoltage trip point, to prevent the converter from
shut down. Also note that at increased output voltages the
maximum power rating of the converter remains the same,
and the output current capability will decrease correspond-
ingly. To decrease the output voltage the resistor should be
connected between Vadj pin and –Sense pin. To increase
the voltage the resistor should be connected between Vadj
pin and +Sense pin. The resistor value of the Output voltage
adjust function is according to information given under the
output section.
All PKM 4000D Series DC/DC converters have remote sense
that can be used to compensate for moderate amounts of
resistance in the distribution system and allow for voltage
regulation at the load or other selected point. The remote
sense lines will carry very little current and do not need a
large cross sectional area. However, the sense lines on the
Pcb should be located close to a ground trace or ground
plane. In a discrete wiring situation, the use of twisted
pair wires or other technique to reduce noise susceptibil-
ity is highly recommended. The remote sense circuitry will
compensate for up to 10% voltage drop between the sense
voltage and the voltage at the output pins. The output volt-
age and the remote sense voltage offset must be less than
the minimum over voltage trip point. If the remote sense is
not needed the –Sense should be connected to –Out and
+Sense should be connected to +Out.
Remote Sense
Circuit configuration for output voltage adjust
+Out
-Out
+Sense
Vadj
-Sense
Load
Radj
Radj
Decrease
Load
Increase
+Out
-Out
+Sense
Vadj
-Sense
Remote Control (RC)
The PKM 4000D Series DC/DC
converters have a remote control
function referenced to the primary
side (- In), with negative and positive
logic options available. The RC
function allows the converter to be
turned on/off by an external device
like a semiconductor or mechanical
switch. The RC pin has an internal pull up resistor to + In.
The needed maximum sink current is 1 mA. When the RC
pin is left open, the voltage generated on the RC pin is
3.5 - 6.0 V. The maximum allowable leakage current of the
switch is 50 µA.
The standard converter is provided with “negative logic”
remote control and the converter will be off until the RC
pin is connected to the - In. To turn on the converter the
voltage between RC pin and - In should be less than 1 V.
To turn off the converter the RC pin should be left open, or
connected to a voltage higher than 2 V referenced to - In. In
situations where it is desired to have the converter to power
up automatically without the need for control signals or a
switch, the RC pin can be wired directly to - In.
The second option is “positive logic” remote control, which
can be ordered by adding the suffix “P” to the end of the
part number. The converter will turn on when the input
voltage is applied with the RC pin open. Turn off is achieved
by connecting the RC pin to the - In. To ensure safe turn off
the voltage difference between RC pin and the - In pin shall
be less than 0.8 V. The converter will restart automatically
when this connection is opened.
Circuit configuration
for RC function
+In
RC
-In
18 EN/LZT 146 201 R3A © Ericsson Power Modules, February 2007
PKM 4000D Datasheet
Operating Information
Over Temperature Protection (OTP)
The PKM 4000D Series DC/DC converters are protected
from thermal overload by an internal over temperature
shutdown circuit. When the Pcb temperature (TC reference
point) exceeds the temperature trig point (120 °C) for the
OTP circuit the converter will cut down output power. The
converter will go into hiccup mode until safe operational
temperature is restored.
Input And Output Impedance
The impedance of both the power source and the load will
interact with the impedance of the DC/DC converter. It is
most important to have a low characteristic impedance,
both at the input and output, as the converters have a low
energy storage capability. The PKM 4000D Series DC/DC
converters have been designed to be completely stable
without the need for external capacitors on the input or
the output circuits. The performance in some applications
can be enhanced by addition of external capacitance as
described under maximum capacitive load. If the distribution
of the input voltage source to the converter contains
significant inductance, the addition of a 100µF capacitor
across the input of the converter will help insure stability.
This capacitor is not required when powering the DC/DC
converter from a low impedance source with short, low
inductance, input power leads.
Parallel Operation
The PKM 4000D Series DC/DC converters can be paralleled
for redundancy if external o-ring diodes are used in series
with the outputs. It is not recommended to parallel the PKM
4000D Series DC/DC converters for increased power without
using external current sharing circuits.
Maximum Capacitive Load
When powering loads with significant dynamic current
requirements, the voltage regulation at the load can be
improved by addition of decoupling capacitance at the
load. The most effective technique is to locate low ESR
ceramic capacitors as close to the load as possible, using
several capacitors to lower the effective ESR. These
ceramic capacitors will handle short duration high-frequency
components of dynamic load changes. In addition, higher
values of electrolytic capacitors should be used to handle
the mid-frequency components. It is equally important
to use good design practise when configuring the DC
distribution system.
Low resistance and low inductance Pcb layouts and cabling
should be used. Remember that when using remote sensing,
all resistance, inductance and capacitance of the distribution
system is within the feedback loop of the converter. This
can affect on the converters compensation and the resulting
stability and dynamic response performance. As a “rule of
thumb”, 100µF/A of output current can be used without
any additional analysis. For example with a 25A converter,
values of decoupling capacitance up to 2500 µF can be
used without regard to stability. With larger values of
capacitance, the load transient recovery time can exceed
the specified value. As much of the capacitance as possible
should be outside the remote sensing loop and close to the
load. The absolute maximum value of output capacitance is
10 000 µF. For values larger than this, please contact your
local Ericsson Power Modules representative.
Current Limit Protection
The PKM 4000D Series DC/DC converters include current
limiting circuitry that allows them to withstand continuous
overloads or short circuit conditions on the output. The out-
put voltage will decrease towards zero for output currents in
excess of max output current (Iomax).
The converter will resume normal operation after removal
of the overload. The load distribution system should be
designed to carry the maximum output short circuit current
specified.
Over Voltage Protection (OVP)
The PKM 4000D Series DC/DC converters include output
overvoltage protection. In the event of an overvoltage
condition due to malfunction in the voltage monitoring
circuits, the converter's PWM will automatically dictate
minimum duty-cycle thus reducing the output voltage to a
minimum.
19 EN/LZT 146 201 R3A © Ericsson Power Modules, February 2007
PKM 4000D Datasheet
Thermal Consideration
General
The PKM 4000D series DC/DC converters are designed
to operate in a variety of thermal environments, however
sufficient cooling should be provided to help ensure reliable
operation. Heat is removed by conduction, convection and
radiation to the surrounding environment. Increased airflow
enhances the heat transfer via convection. The available
load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow at
Vin =53 V for each model is according to the information
given under the output section. The test is done in a
wind tunnel with a cross section of 305 x 305 mm, the
DC/DC converter vertically mounted on a 16 layer Pcb
with a size of 254 x 254 mm, each layer with 35 µm (1
oz) copper. Proper cooling can be verified by measuring
the temperature of selected devices. Peak temperature
can occur at positions P1 - P4. The temperature at these
positions should not exceed the recommended max values.
Note that the recommended max value is the absolute
maximum rating (non destruction) and that the electrical
output data is guaranteed up to TPcb +90 °C.
Calculation of ambient temperature
By using the thermal resistance the maximum allowed
ambient temperature can be calculated.
1. The power loss is calculated by using the formula
((1/η) - 1) × output power = power losses.
η = efficiency of converter. E.g 90% = 0.90
2. Find the value of the thermal resistance for each product in
the diagram by using the airflow speed at the output section
of the converter. Take the thermal resistance x powerloss to
get the temperature increase.
3. Max allowed calculated ambient temperature is: Max
TPcb of DC/DC converter – temperature increase.
B. 8 W × 4.8 °C/W = 38.4 °C
C. 120 °C - 38.4 °C = max ambient temperature is 81.6 °C
The real temperature will be dependent on several factors,
like Pcb size and type, direction of airflow, air turbulence etc.
It is recommended to verify the temperature by testing.
A. (( ) - 1) × 72 W = 8 W
1
0.90
E.g PKM 4718GD PINB at 1m/s:
Position Device TCRecommended
max value
P1 Pcb 120 °C
P2 Transistor Tsurface 120 °C
P3 Transistor Tsurface 120 °C
P4 Transformer Tsurface 130 °C
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1
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Input side
Output side
20 EN/LZT 146 201 R3A © Ericsson Power Modules, February 2007
PKM 4000D Datasheet
Reliability
The PKM4000D Series DC/DC converters are intended for
through hole mounting on a PCB. When wave soldering
is used max temperature on the pins is specified to
260°C for 10 seconds. Maximum preheat rate of 4°C/s
and temperature of max 130°C is suggested. When hand
soldering, care should be taken to avoid direct contact
between the hot soldering iron tip and the pins for more
than a few seconds in order to prevent overheating.
No-clean flux is recommended to avoid entrapment of
cleaning fluids in cavities inside of the DC/DC power
module. The residues may affect long time reliability and
isolation voltage.
Soldering Information
The Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) of the PKM 4000D
series DC/DC converter is calculated at full output power
and an operating ambient temperature (TA) of +40°C.
Different methods could be used to calculate the predicted
MTBF and failure rate which may give different results.
Ericsson Power Modules currently uses two different
methods, Ericsson failure rate data system DependTool and
Telcordia SR332.
Predicted MTBF for the PKM 4000D series products is:
3.15 million hours according to DependTool.
1.67 million hours according to Telcordia SR332, issue
1, Black box techique.
The Ericsson failure rate data system is based on field
tracking data. The data corresponds to actual failure
rates of components used in Information Technology
and Telecom (IT&T) equipment in temperature controlled
environments
(TA = -5...+65°C). Telcordia SR332 is a commonly used
standard method intended for reliability calculations in IT&T
equipment. The parts count procedure used in this method
was originally modeled on the methods from MIL-HDBK-
217F, Reliability Predictions of Electronic Equipment. It
assumes that no reliability data is available on the actual
units and devices for which the predictions are to be
made, i.e. all predictions are based on generic reliability
parameters.
Delivery Package Information
PKM 4000D series standard delivery package is a 20 pcs box.
(one box contains 1 full tray and 1 hold down tray)
Clamshell Specification
Material: Polystyrene (PS)
Max surface resistance: 10 MOhm/sq
Color: black
Capacity: 20 pcs/tray
Loaded tray stack pitch: 38 mm (1.50 In)
Weight: 138 g (typ)
Compatibility with RoHS requirements
The products are compatible with the relevant clauses
and requirements of the RoHS directive 2002/95/EC and
have a maximum concentration value of 0.1% by weight
in homogeneous materials for lead, mercury, hexavalent
chromium, PBB and PBDE and of 0.01% by weight in
homogeneous materials for cadmium.
Exemptions in the RoHS directive utilized in Ericsson Power
Modules products include:
• Lead in high melting temperature type solder (used to solder
the die in semiconductor packages)
• Lead in glass of electronics components and in electronic
ceramic parts (e.g. fill material in chip resistors)
• Lead as an alloying element in copper alloy containing up to
4% lead by weight (used in connection pins made of Brass)
21 EN/LZT 146 201 R3A © Ericsson Power Modules, February 2007
PKM 4000D Datasheet
Sales Offices and Contact Information
Company Headquarters
Ericsson Power Modules AB
LM Ericssons väg 30
SE-126 25 Stockholm
Sweden
Phone: +46-8-568-69620
Fax: +46-8-568-69599
China
Ericsson Simtek Electronics Co.
33 Fuhua Road
Jiading District
Shanghai 201 818
China
Phone: +86-21-5990-3258
Fax: +86-21-5990-0188
North and South America
Ericsson Inc. Power Modules
6300 Legacy Dr.
Plano, TX 75024
USA
Phone: +1-972-583-5254
+1-972-583-6910
Fax: +1-972-583-7839
Hong Kong (Asia Pacific)
Ericsson Ltd.
12/F. Devon House
979 King’s Road
Quarry Bay
Hong Kong
Phone: +852-2590-2453
Fax: +852-2590-7152
Italy, Spain (Mediterranean)
Ericsson Power Modules AB
Via Cadorna 71
20090 Vimodrone (MI)
Italy
Phone: +39-02-265-946-07
Fax: +39-02-265-946-69
All other countries
Contact Company Headquarters
or visit our website:
www.ericsson.com/powermodules
Information given in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable.
No responsibility is assumed for the consequences of its use nor for any infringement
of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use.
No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of
Ericsson Power Modules. These products are sold only according to
Ericsson Power Modules’ general conditions of sale, unless otherwise confirmed in
writing. Specifications subject to change without notice.
Germany, Austria
Ericsson Power Modules AB
Mühlhauser Weg 18
85737 Ismaning
Germany
Phone: +49-89-9500-6905
Fax: +49-89-9500-6911
Japan
Ericsson Power Modules AB
Kimura Daini Building, 3 FL.
3-29-7 Minami-Oomachi, Shinagawa-ka
Tokyo 140-0013
Japan
Phone: +81-3-5733-5107
Fax: +81-3-5753-5162