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//Z)
TPA311
350-mW MONO AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER
SLOS207B – JANUARY 1998 – REVISED MARCH 2000
25
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
APPLICATION INFORMATION
component selection (continued)
In this example, CI is 0.40 µF, so one would likely choose a value in the range of 0.47 µF to 1 µF. A further
consideration for this capacitor is the leakage path from the input source through the input network (RI, CI) and
the feedback resistor (RF) to the load. This leakage current creates a dc offset voltage at the input to the amplifier
that reduces useful headroom, especially in high gain applications. For this reason a low-leakage tantalum or
ceramic capacitor is the best choice. When polarized capacitors are used, the positive side of the capacitor
should face the amplifier input in most applications as the dc level there is held at VDD/2, which is likely higher
than the source dc level. It is important to confirm the capacitor polarity in the application.
power supply decoupling, CS
The TPA311 is a high-performance CMOS audio amplifier that requires adequate power supply decoupling to
ensure the output total harmonic distortion (THD) is as low as possible. Power supply decoupling also prevents
oscillations for long lead lengths between the amplifier and the speaker. The optimum decoupling is achieved
by using two capacitors of different types that target different types of noise on the power supply leads. For
higher frequency transients, spikes, or digital hash on the line, a good low equivalent-series-resistance (ESR)
ceramic capacitor , typically 0.1 µF placed as close as possible to the device VDD lead, works best. For filtering
lower-frequency noise signals, a larger aluminum electrolytic capacitor of 10 µF or greater placed near the audio
power amplifier is recommended.
midrail bypass capacitor, CB
The midrail bypass capacitor , CB, is the most critical capacitor and serves several important functions. During
start-up or recovery from shutdown mode, CB determines the rate at which the amplifier starts up. The second
function is to reduce noise produced by the power supply caused by coupling into the output drive signal. This
noise is from the midrail generation circuit internal to the amplifier, which appears as degraded PSRR and
THD + N. The capacitor is fed from a 250-kΩ source inside the amplifier. To keep the start-up pop as low as
possible, the relationship shown in equation 10 should be maintained, which insures the input capacitor is fully
charged before the bypass capacitor is fuly charged and the amplifier starts up.
(10)
10
ǒ
CB
250 kΩ
Ǔv
1
ǒ
RF
)
RI
Ǔ
CI
As an example, consider a circuit where CB is 2.2 µF, CI is 0.47 µF, RF is 50 kΩ and RI is 10 kΩ. Inserting these
values into the equation 10 we get: 18.2 ≤ 35.5 which satisfies the rule. Bypass capacitor , CB, values of 0.1 µF
to 2.2 µF ceramic or tantalum low-ESR capacitors are recommended for the best THD and noise performance.
single-ended operation
In SE mode (see Figure 51), the load is driven from the primary amplifier output (VO+, terminal 5).
In SE mode the gain is set by the RF and RI resistors and is shown in equation 11. Since the inverting amplifier
is not used to mirror the voltage swing on the load, the factor of 2, from equation 5, is not included.
(11)
SE Gain
+
AV
+*
ǒ
RF
RI
Ǔ