LM317LZX - Texas Instruments High-Performance Analog

LM317L

September 14, 2010

3-Terminal Adjustable Regulator

General Description

The LM317L is an adjustable 3-terminal positive voltage reg-

ulator capable of supplying 100mA over a 1.2V to 37V output

range. It is exceptionally easy to use and requires only two

external resistors to set the output voltage. Further, both line

and load regulation are better than standard fixed regulators.

Also, the LM317L is available packaged in a standard TO-92

transistor package which is easy to use.

In addition to higher performance than fixed regulators, the

LM317L offers full overload protection. Included on the chip

are current limit, thermal overload protection and safe area

protection. All overload protection circuitry remains fully func-

tional even if the adjustment terminal is disconnected.

Normally, no capacitors are needed unless the device is sit-

uated more than 6 inches from the input filter capacitors in

which case an input bypass is needed. An optional output ca-

pacitor can be added to improve transient response. The

adjustment terminal can be bypassed to achieve very high

ripple rejection ratios which are difficult to achieve with stan-

dard 3-terminal regulators.

Besides replacing fixed regulators, the LM317L is useful in a

wide variety of other applications. Since the regulator is “float-

ing” and sees only the input-to-output differential voltage,

supplies of several hundred volts can be regulated as long as

the maximum input-to-output differential is not exceeded.

Also, it makes an especially simple adjustable switching reg-

ulator, a programmable output regulator, or by connecting a

fixed resistor between the adjustment and output, the LM317L

can be used as a precision current regulator. Supplies with

electronic shutdown can be achieved by clamping the adjust-

ment terminal to ground which programs the output to 1.2V

where most loads draw little current.

The LM317L is available in a standard TO-92 transistor pack-

age, the SO-8 package, and 6-Bump micro SMD package.

The LM317L is rated for operation over a −40°C to 125°C

range.

Features

■Adjustable output down to 1.2V

■Guaranteed 100mA output current

■Line regulation typically 0.01%V

■Load regulation typically 0.1%

■Current limit constant with temperature

■Eliminates the need to stock many voltages

■Standard 3-lead transistor package

■80dB ripple rejection

■Available in TO-92, SO-8, or 6-Bump micro SMD package

■Output is short circuit protected

■See AN-1112 for micro SMD considerations

Connection Diagrams

TO-92 Plastic package

906404

8-Pin SOIC

906405

Top View

LM317L 3-Terminal Adjustable Regulator

6-Bump micro SMD

906449

*NC = Not Internally connected.

Top View

(Bump Side Down)

micro SMD Laser Mark

906450

Ordering Information

Package Part Number Package Marking Media Transport NSC Drawing

TO-92 LM317LZ LM317LZ 1.8k Units per Box Z03A

8-Pin SOIC LM317LM LM317LM Rail M08A

LM317LMX 2500 Units Tape and Reel

6-Bump micro SMD

* LM317LIBP –250 Units Tape and Reel BPA06HPB

* LM317LIBPX –3k Units Tape and Reel

* LM317LITP –250 Units Tape and Reel TPA06HPA

* LM317LITPX –3k Units Tape and Reel

Note: The micro SMD package marking is a single digit manufacturing Date

Code only.

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LM317L

Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)

If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,

please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/

Distributors for availability and specifications.

Power Dissipation Internally Limited

Input-Output Voltage Differential 40V

Operating Junction Temperature

Range −40°C to +125°C

Storage Temperature −55°C to +150°C

Lead Temperature

(Soldering, 4 seconds) 260°C

Output is Short Circuit Protected

ESD Susceptibility

Human Body Model (Note 5) 2kV

Electrical Characteristics (Note 2)

Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units

Line Regulation TJ = 25°C, 3V ≤ (VIN − VOUT) ≤ 40V, IL ≤ 20mA (Note 3) 0.01 0.04 %/V

Load Regulation TJ = 25°C, 5mA ≤ IOUT ≤ IMAX, (Note 3) 0.1 0.5 %

Thermal Regulation TJ = 25°C, 10ms Pulse 0.04 0.2 %/W

Adjustment Pin Current 50 100 μA

Adjustment Pin Current 5mA ≤ IL ≤ 100mA 0.2 5 μA

Change 3V ≤ (VIN − VOUT) ≤ 40V, P ≤ 625mW

Reference Voltage 3V ≤ (VIN − VOUT) ≤ 40V, (Note 4)1.20 1.25 1.30 V

5mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 100mA, P ≤ 625mW

Line Regulation 3V ≤ (VIN − VOUT) ≤ 40V, IL ≤ 20mA (Note 3) 0.02 0.07 %/V

Load Regulation 5mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 100mA, (Note 3) 0.3 1.5 %

Temperature Stability TMIN ≤ TJ ≤ TMax 0.65 %

Minimum Load Current (VIN − VOUT) ≤ 40V 3.5 5 mA

3V ≤ (VIN − VOUT) ≤ 15V 1.5 2.5

Current Limit 3V ≤ (VIN − VOUT) ≤ 13V 100 200 300 mA

(VIN − VOUT) = 40V 25 50 150 mA

Rms Output Noise, % of VOUT TJ = 25°C, 10Hz ≤ f ≤ 10kHz 0.003 %

Ripple Rejection Ratio VOUT = 10V, f = 120Hz, CADJ = 0 65 dB

CADJ = 10μF66 80 dB

Long-Term Stability TJ = 125°C, 1000 Hours 0.3 1 %

Thermal Resistance Z Package 0.4″ Leads 180 °C/W

Junction to Ambient Z Package 0.125 Leads 160 °C/W

SO-8 Package 165 °C/W

6-Bump micro SMD 290 °C/W

Note 1: “Absolute Maximum Ratings” indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device

is functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits.

Note 2: Unless otherwise noted, these specifications apply: −25°C ≤ Tj ≤ 125°C for the LM317L; VIN − VOUT = 5V and IOUT = 40mA. Although power dissipation

is internally limited, these specifications are applicable for power dissipations up to 625mW. IMAX is 100mA.

Note 3: Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature, using pulse testing with a low duty cycle. Changes in output voltage due to heating effects are

covered under the specification for thermal regulation.

Note 4: Thermal resistance of the TO-92 package is 180°C/W junction to ambient with 0.4″ leads from a PC board and 160°C/W junction to ambient with 0.125″

lead length to PC board.

Note 5: The human body model is a 100pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5kΩ resistor into each pin.

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LM317L

Typical Performance Characteristics (Output capacitor = 0μF unless otherwise noted.)

Load Regulation

906434

Current Limit

906435

Adjustment Current

906436

Dropout Voltage

906437

Reference Voltage Temperature Stability

906438

Minimum Operating Current

906439

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LM317L

Ripple Rejection

906440

Ripple Rejection

906441

Output Impedance

906442

Line Transient Response

906443

Load Transient Response

906444

Thermal Regulation

906445

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LM317L

Application Hints

In operation, the LM317L develops a nominal 1.25V reference

voltage, VREF, between the output and adjustment terminal.

The reference voltage is impressed across program resistor

R1 and, since the voltage is constant, a constant current I1

then flows through the output set resistor R2, giving an output

voltage of

Since the 100μA current from the adjustment terminal repre-

sents an error term, the LM317L was designed to minimize

IADJ and make it very constant with line and load changes. To

do this, all quiescent operating current is returned to the out-

put establishing a minimum load current requirement. If there

is insufficient load on the output, the output will rise.

906407

FIGURE 1.

EXTERNAL CAPACITORS

An input bypass capacitor is recommended in case the reg-

ulator is more than 6 inches away from the usual large filter

capacitor. A 0.1μF disc or 1μF solid tantalum on the input is

suitable input bypassing for almost all applications. The de-

vice is more sensitive to the absence of input bypassing when

adjustment or output capacitors are used, but the above val-

ues will eliminate the possibility of problems.

The adjustment terminal can be bypassed to ground on the

LM317L to improve ripple rejection and noise. This bypass

capacitor prevents ripple and noise from being amplified as

the output voltage is increased. With a 10μF bypass capacitor

80dB ripple rejection is obtainable at any output level. In-

creases over 10μF do not appreciably improve the ripple

rejection at frequencies above 120Hz. If the bypass capacitor

is used, it is sometimes necessary to include protection

diodes to prevent the capacitor from discharging through in-

ternal low current paths and damaging the device.

In general, the best type of capacitors to use is solid tantalum.

Solid tantalum capacitors have low impedance even at high

frequencies. Depending upon capacitor construction, it takes

about 25μF in aluminum electrolytic to equal 1μF solid tanta-

lum at high frequencies. Ceramic capacitors are also good at

high frequencies; but some types have a large decrease in

capacitance at frequencies around 0.5MHz. For this reason,

a 0.01μF disc may seem to work better than a 0.1μF disc as

a bypass.

Although the LM317L is stable with no output capacitors, like

any feedback circuit, certain values of external capacitance

can cause excessive ringing. This occurs with values be-

tween 500pF and 5000pF. A 1μF solid tantalum (or 25μF

aluminum electrolytic) on the output swamps this effect and

insures stability.

LOAD REGULATION

The LM317L is capable of providing extremely good load reg-

ulation but a few precautions are needed to obtain maximum

performance. The current set resistor connected between the

adjustment terminal and the output terminal (usually 240Ω)

should be tied directly to the output of the regulator rather than

near the load. This eliminates line drops from appearing ef-

fectively in series with the reference and degrading regula-

tion. For example, a 15V regulator with 0.05Ω resistance

between the regulator and load will have a load regulation due

to line resistance of 0.05Ω × IL. If the set resistor is connected

near the load the effective line resistance will be 0.05Ω (1 +

R2/R1) or in this case, 11.5 times worse.

Figure 2 shows the effect of resistance between the regulator

and 240Ω set resistor.

With the TO-92 package, it is easy to minimize the resistance

from the case to the set resistor, by using two separate leads

to the output pin. The ground of R2 can be returned near the

ground of the load to provide remote ground sensing and im-

prove load regulation.

906408

FIGURE 2. Regulator with Line Resistance

in Output Lead

THERMAL REGULATION

When power is dissipated in an IC, a temperature gradient

occurs across the IC chip affecting the individual IC circuit

components. With an IC regulator, this gradient can be espe-

cially severe since power dissipation is large. Thermal regu-

lation is the effect of these temperature gradients on output

voltage (in percentage output change) per watt of power

change in a specified time. Thermal regulation error is inde-

pendent of electrical regulation or temperature coefficient,

and occurs within 5ms to 50ms after a change in power dis-

sipation. Thermal regulation depends on IC layout as well as

electrical design. The thermal regulation of a voltage regulator

is defined as the percentage change of VOUT, per watt, within

the first 10ms after a step of power is applied. The LM317L

specification is 0.2%/W, maximum.

In the Thermal Regulation curve at the bottom of the Typical

Performance Characteristics page, a typical LM317L's output

changes only 7mV (or 0.07% of VOUT = −10V) when a 1W

pulse is applied for 10ms. This performance is thus well inside

the specification limit of 0.2%/W × 1W = 0.2% maximum.

When the 1W pulse is ended, the thermal regulation again

shows a 7mV change as the gradients across the LM317L

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LM317L

chip die out. Note that the load regulation error of about 14mV

(0.14%) is additional to the thermal regulation error.

PROTECTION DIODES

When external capacitors are used with any IC regulator it is

sometimes necessary to add protection diodes to prevent the

capacitors from discharging through low current points into

the regulator. Most 10μF capacitors have low enough internal

series resistance to deliver 20A spikes when shorted. Al-

though the surge is short, there is enough energy to damage

parts of the IC.

When an output capacitor is connected to a regulator and the

input is shorted, the output capacitor will discharge into the

output of the regulator. The discharge current depends on the

value of the capacitor, the output voltage of the regulator, and

the rate of decrease of VIN. In the LM317L, this discharge path

is through a large junction that is able to sustain a 2A surge

with no problem. This is not true of other types of positive

regulators. For output capacitors of 25 μF or less, the

LM317L's ballast resistors and output structure limit the peak

current to a low enough level so that there is no need to use

a protection diode.

The bypass capacitor on the adjustment terminal can dis-

charge through a low current junction. Discharge occurs when

either the input or output is shorted. Internal to the LM317L is

a 50Ω resistor which limits the peak discharge current. No

protection is needed for output voltages of 25V or less and

10μF capacitance. Figure 3 shows an LM317L with protection

diodes included for use with outputs greater than 25V and

high values of output capacitance.

906409

D1 protects against C1

D2 protects against C2

FIGURE 3. Regulator with Protection Diodes

LM317L micro SMD Light Sensitivity

Exposing the LM317L micro SMD package to bright sunlight

may cause the VREF to drop. In a normal office environment

of fluorescent lighting the output is not affected. The LM317

micro SMD does not sustain permanent damage from light

exposure. Removing the light source will cause LM317L's

VREF to recover to the proper value.

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LM317L

Schematic Diagram

906410

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LM317L

Typical Applications

Digitally Selected Outputs

906411

*Sets maximum VOUT

High Gain Amplifier

906412

Adjustable Current Limiter

906413

12 ≤ R1 ≤ 240

Precision Current Limiter

906414

Slow Turn-On 15V Regulator

906415

Adjustable Regulator with

Improved Ripple Rejection

906416

†Solid tantalum

*Discharges C1 if output is shorted to ground

High Stability 10V Regulator

906417

Adjustable Regulator with Current Limiter

906418

Short circuit current is approximately 600 mV/R3, or 60mA (compared to

LM317LZ's 200mA current limit).

At 25mA output only 3/4V of drop occurs in R3 and R4.

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LM317L

0V–30V Regulator

906419

Full output current not available at high input-output voltages

Regulator With 15mA Short Circuit Current

906420

Power Follower

906421

Adjusting Multiple On-Card Regulators with Single Control*

906422

*All outputs within ± 100mV

†Minimum load −5mA

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LM317L

100mA Current Regulator

906423

1.2V–12V Regulator with Minimum Program Current

906424

*Minimum load current ≈ 2 mA

50mA Constant Current Battery

Charger for Nickel-Cadmium

Batteries

906425

5V Logic Regulator with Electronic Shutdown*

906426

*Minimum output ≈ 1.2V

Current Limited 6V Charger

906427

*Sets peak current, IPEAK = 0.6V/R1

**1000μF is recommended to filter out any input transients.

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LM317L

Short Circuit Protected 80V Supply

906428

Basic High Voltage Regulator

906429

Q1, Q2: NSD134 or similar

C1, C2: 1μF, 200V mylar**

*Heat sink

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LM317L

Precision High Voltage Regulator

906430

Q1, Q2: NSD134 or similar

C1, C2: 1μF, 200V mylar**

*Heat sink

**Mylar is a registered trademark of DuPont Co.

Tracking Regulator

906431

A1 = LM301A, LM307, or LF13741 only

R1, R2 = matched resistors with good TC tracking

Regulator With Trimmable Output Voltage

906432

Trim Procedure:

—If VOUT is 23.08V or higher, cut out R3 (if lower, don't cut it out).

—Then if VOUT is 22.47V or higher, cut out R4 (if lower, don't).

—Then if VOUT is 22.16V or higher, cut out R5 (if lower, don't).

This will trim the output to well within ±1% of 22.00 VDC, without any of the

expense or uncertainty of a trim pot (see LB-46). Of course, this technique

can be used at any output voltage level.

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LM317L

Precision Reference with Short-Circuit Proof Output

906433

*R1–R4 from thin-film network,

Beckman 694-3-R2K-D or similar

1.2V-25 Adjustable Regulator

906401

Full output current not available at high input-output voltages

†Optional—improves transient response

*Needed if device is more than 6 inches from filter capacitors

Fully Protected (Bulletproof)

Lamp Driver

906402

Lamp Flasher

906403

Output rate—4 flashes per second at 10% duty cycle

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LM317L

Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted

SO-8 Molded Package

NS Package Number M08A

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LM317L

TO-92 Plastic Package (Z)

NS Package Number Z03A

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LM317L

NOTE: UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED.

1. EPOXY COATING

2. 63Sn/37Pb EUTECTIC BUMP.

3. RECOMMEND NON-SOLDER MASK DEFINED LANDING PAD.

4. PIN A1 IS ESTABLISHED BY LOWER LEFT CORNER WITH RESPECT TO TEXT ORIENTATION PINS ARE NUMBERED COUNTERCLOCKWISE.

5. XXX IN DRAWING NUMBER REPRESENTS PACKAGE SIZE VARIATION WHERE X1 IS PACKAGE WIDTH, X2 IS PACKAGE LENGTH AND X3 IS PACKAGE

HEIGHT.

6. REFERENCE JEDEC REGISTRATION MO-211, VARIATION BC.

6-Bump micro SMD

NS Package Number BPA06HPB

X1 = 0.955 X2 = 1.615 X3 =0.850

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LM317L

NOTE: UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED.

1. EPOXY COATING

2. 63Sn/37Pb EUTECTIC BUMP.

3. RECOMMEND NON-SOLDER MASK DEFINED LANDING PAD.

4. PIN A1 IS ESTABLISHED BY LOWER LEFT CORNER WITH RESPECT TO TEXT ORIENTATION PINS ARE NUMBERED COUNTERCLOCKWISE.

5. XXX IN DRAWING NUMBER REPRESENTS PACKAGE SIZE VARIATION WHERE X1 IS PACKAGE WIDTH, X2 IS PACKAGE LENGTH AND X3 IS PACKAGE

HEIGHT.

6. REFERENCE JEDEC REGISTRATION MO-211, VARIATION BC.

6-Bump micro SMD

NS Package Number TPA06HPA

X1 = 0.955 X2 = 1.615 X3 =0.500

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LM317L

Notes

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LM317L

Notes

LM317L 3-Terminal Adjustable Regulator

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