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Please note: As part of the Fairchild Semiconductor integration, some of the Fairchild orderable part numbers
will need to change in order to meet ON Semiconductor’s system requirements. Since the ON Semiconductor
product management systems do not have the ability to manage part nomenclature that utilizes an underscore
(_), the underscore (_) in the Fairchild part numbers will be changed to a dash (-). This document may contain
device numbers with an underscore (_). Please check the ON Semiconductor website to verify the updated
device numbers. The most current and up-to-date ordering information can be found at www.onsemi.com. Please
email any questions regarding the system integration to Fairchild_questions@onsemi.com.
Is Now Part of
ON Semiconductor and the ON Semiconductor logo are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC dba ON Semiconductor or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. ON Semiconductor owns the rights to a number
of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property. A listing of ON Semiconductor’s product/patent coverage may be accessed at www.onsemi.com/site/pdf/Patent-Marking.pdf. ON Semiconductor reserves the right
to make changes without further notice to any products herein. ON Semiconductor makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does ON Semiconductor assume any liability
arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. Buyer is responsible for its products and applications using ON
Semiconductor products, including compliance with all laws, regulations and safety requirements or standards, regardless of any support or applications information provided by ON Semiconductor. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in ON
Semiconductor data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s
technical experts. ON Semiconductor does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. ON Semiconductor products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as a critical component in life support systems or any FDA
Class 3 medical devices or medical devices with a same or similar classification in a foreign jurisdiction or any devices intended for implantation in the human body. Should Buyer purchase or use ON Semiconductor products for any such unintended
or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold ON Semiconductor and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out
of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that ON Semiconductor was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. ON Semiconductor
is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. This literature is subject to all applicable copyright laws and is not for resale in any manner.
July 2010
© 2009 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com
FAN7621S • Rev. 1.0.1
FAN7621S — PFM Controller for Half-Bridge Resonant Converters
FAN7621S
PFM Controller for Half-Bridge Resonant Converters
Features
Variable Frequency Control with 50% Duty Cycle
for Half-bridge Resonant Converter Topology
High Efficiency through Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS)
Fixed Dead Time: 350ns
Up to 300kHz Operating Frequency
Auto-Restart Operation for All Protections with
an External LVCC
Protection Functions: Over-Voltage Protection
(OVP), Over-Current Protection (OCP), Abnormal
Over-Current Protection (AOCP), Internal Thermal
Shutdown (TSD)
Applications
PDP and LCD TVs
Desktop PCs and Servers
Adapters
Telecom Power Supplies
Video Game Consoles
Description
The FAN7621S is a pulse frequency modulation
controller for high-efficiency half-bridge resonant
converters. Offering everything necessary to build a
reliable and robust resonant converter, the FAN7621S
simplifies designs and improves productivity, while
improving performance. The FAN7621S includes a high-
side gate-drive circuit, an accurate current-controlled
oscillator, frequency-limit circuit, soft-start, and built-in
protection functions. The high-side gate-drive circuit has
a common-mode noise cancellation capability, which
guarantees stable operation with excellent noise
immunity. Using the zero-voltage-switching (ZVS)
technique dramatically reduces the switching losses and
significantly improves efficiency. The ZVS also reduces
the switching noise noticeably, which allows a small-
sized Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) filter.
The FAN7621S can be applied to various resonant
converter topologies; such as series resonant, parallel
resonant, and LLC resonant converters.
Related Resources
AN4151 — Half-Bridge LLC Resonant Converter Design
Using FSFR-Series Fairchild Power Switch (FPSTM)
Ordering Information
Part Number Operating Junction
Temperature Package Packaging
Method
FAN7621SSJ -40°C to +130°C 16-Lead, Small Outline Package (SOP) Tube
FAN7621SSJX Tape & Reel
© 2009 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com
FAN7621S • Rev. 1.0.1 2
FAN7621S — PFM Controller for Half-Bridge Resonant Converters
Application Circuit Diagram
Figure 1. Typical Application Circuit (LLC Resonant Half-Bridge Converter)
Block Diagram
Figure 2. Internal Block Diagram
LV
CC
R
T
AR
CS
SG PG
HV
CC
V
O
Rmax
Rmin
Rss
Css
V
CC
V
IN
Cr
FAN7621S
HO
CTR
LO
6
1
12
3
HO
CS
AR
LVCC
HVcc
CTR
R
T
PG
2
8
16
9
10
SG
14
LO
HUV+ /HUV-
S
R
Q
High Side
Gate Driver
Low Side
Gate Driver
2V
V
ref
Internal
Bias
Level
Shifter
B alan cin g
Delay
Divider
1V
I
RT
I
RT
2I
RT
V
OVP
V
CssH
/V
CssL
LV
CC
S
R
Q
-1
Delay
1.5µs
V
AOCP
Delay
50ns
TSD
LUV+ /LUV-
V
OCP
V
ref
V
ref
3V
Time
Delay
Time
Delay
350ns
350ns
LV
CC
good
LV
CC
good
Shutdown without delay
5k
© 2009 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com
FAN7621S • Rev. 1.0.1 3
FAN7621S — PFM Controller for Half-Bridge Resonant Converters
Pin Configuration
Figure 3. Package Diagram
Pin Definitions
Pin # Name Description
1 HVCC This is the supply voltage of the high-side gate-drive circuit IC.
2 CTR This is the drain of the low-side MOSFET. Typically, a transformer is connected to this pin.
3 HO This is the high-side gate driving signal.
4 NC No connection
5 NC No connection
6 AR
This pin is for discharging the external soft-start capacitor when any protection is triggered.
When the voltage of this pin drops to 0.2V, all protections are reset and the controller starts
to operate again.
7 NC No connection
8 RT This pin programs the switching frequency. Typically, an opto-coupler is connected to control
the switching frequency for the output voltage regulation.
9 CS
This pin senses the current flowing through the low-side MOSFET. Typically, negative
voltage is applied on this pin.
10 SG This pin is the control ground.
11 NC No connection
12 LVCC This pin is the supply voltage of the control IC.
13 NC No connection
14 LO This is the low-side gate driving signal.
15 NC No connection
16 PG This pin is the power ground. This pin is connected to the source of the low-side MOSFET.
(3) HO
(4) NC
PG (16)
FAN7621S NC (13)
NC (15)
(5) NC
(6) AR
(7) NC
LO (14)
LV
CC
(12)
CS (9)
NC (11)
SG (10)
(2) CTR
(1) HV
CC
(8) R
T
© 2009 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com
FAN7621S • Rev. 1.0.1 4
FAN7621S — PFM Controller for Half-Bridge Resonant Converters
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Stresses exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may damage the device. The device may not function or be
operable above the recommended operating conditions and stressing the parts to these levels is not recommended. In
addition, extended exposure to stresses above the recommended operating conditions may affect device reliability. The
absolute maximum ratings are stress ratings only. TA=25°C unless otherwise specified.
Symbol Parameter Min. Max. Unit
VHO High-Side Gate Driving Voltage VCTR-0.3 HVCC V
VLO Low-Side Gate Driving Voltage -0.3 LVCC
LVCC Low-Side Supply Voltage -0.3 25.0 V
HVCC to VCTR High-Side VCC Pin to Center Voltage -0.3 25.0 V
VCTR Center Voltage -0.3 600.0 V
VAR Auto-Restart Pin Input Voltage -0.3 LVCC V
VCS Current Sense (CS) Pin Input Voltage -5.0 1.0 V
VRT R
T Pin Input Voltage -0.3 5.0 V
dVCTR/dt Allowable Center Voltage Slew Rate 50 V/ns
PD Total Power Dissipation 1.13 W
TJ Maximum Junction Temperature(1) +150
°C
Recommended Operating Junction Temperature(1) -40 +130
TSTG Storage Temperature Range -55 +150 °C
Note:
1. The maximum value of the recommended operating junction temperature is limited by thermal shutdown.
Thermal Impedance
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
θJA Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Impedance 110 ºC/W
© 2009 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com
FAN7621S • Rev. 1.0.1 5
FAN7621S — PFM Controller for Half-Bridge Resonant Converters
Electrical Characteristics
TA=25°C and LVCC=17V unless otherwise specified.
Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max.
Unit
Supply Section
ILK Offset Supply Leakage Current HVCC=VCTR 50 μA
IQHVCC Quiescent HVCC Supply Current (HVCCUV+) - 0.1V 50 120 μA
IQLVCC Quiescent LVCC Supply Current (LVCCUV+) - 0.1V 100 200 μA
IOHVCC Operating HVCC Supply Current
(RMS Value)
fOSC=100kHz, CLoad=1nF 5 8 mA
No Switching 100 200 μA
IOLVCC Operating LVCC Supply Current
(RMS Value)
fOSC=100kHz, CLoad=1nF 6 9 mA
No Switching 2 4 mA
UVLO Section
LVCCUV+ LVCC Supply Under-Voltage Positive-Going Threshold (LVCC Start) 11.2 12.5 13.8 V
LVCCUV- LVCC Supply Under-Voltage Negative-Going Threshold (LVCC Stop) 8.9 10.0 11.1 V
LVCCUVH LVCC Supply Under-Voltage Hysteresis 2.5 V
HVCCUV+ HVCC Supply Under-Voltage Positive-Going Threshold (HVCC Start) 8.2 9.2 10.2 V
HVCCUV- HVCC Supply Under-Voltage Negative-Going Threshold (HVCC Stop) 7.8 8.7 9.6 V
HVCCUVH HVCC Supply Under-Voltage Hysteresis 0.5 V
Oscillator & Feedback Section
VRT V-I Converter Threshold Voltage
RT=5.2kΩ
1.5 2.0 2.5 V
fOSC Output Oscillation Frequency 94 100 106 kHz
DC Output Duty Cycle 48 50 52 %
fSS Internal Soft-Start Initial Frequency fSS=fOSC+40kHz, RT=5.2kΩ 140 kHz
tSS Internal Soft-Start Time 2 3 4 ms
Output Section
Isource Peak Sourcing Current HVCC=17V 250 360 mA
Isink Peak Sinking Current HVCC=17V 460 600 mA
tr Rising Time CLoad=1nF, HVCC=17V 65 ns
tf Falling Time 35 ns
VHOH High Level of High-Side Gate Driving
Signal (VHVCC-VHO)
IO=20mA
1.0 V
VHOL Low Level of High-Side Gate Driving
Signal 0.6 V
VLOH High Level of High-Side Gate Driving
Signal (VLVCC-VLO) 1.0 V
VLOL Low Level of High-Side Gate Driving
Signal 0.6 V
© 2009 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com
FAN7621S • Rev. 1.0.1 6
FAN7621S — PFM Controller for Half-Bridge Resonant Converters
Electrical Characteristics (Continued)
TA=25°C and LVCC=17V unless otherwise specified.
Symbol Parameter Test Conditions
Min. Typ. Max.
Unit
Protection Se ction
VCssH Beginning Voltage to Discharge CSS 0.9 1.0 1.1 V
VCssL Beginning Voltage to Charge CSS and
Reset Protections 0.16 0.20 0.24 V
VOVP LVCC Over-Voltage Protection LVCC > 21V 21 23 25 V
VAOCP AOCP Threshold Voltage ΔV/Δt=-0.1V/µs -1.0 -0.9 -0.8 V
tBAO AOCP Blanking Time(2) VCS < VAOCP;
ΔV/Δt=-0.1V/µs 50 ns
VOCP OCP Threshold Voltage ΔV/Δt=-1V/µs -0.64 -0.58 -0.52 V
tBO OCP Blanking Time(2) VCS < VOCP;
ΔV/Δt=-1V/µs 1.0 1.5 2.0 μs
tDA Delay Time (Low-Side) Detecting from
VAOCP to Switch Off(2) ΔV/Δt=-1V/µs 250 400 ns
TSD Thermal Shutdown Temperature(2) 110 130 150
°C
Dead-Time Control Section
DT Dead Time(3) 350 ns
Notes:
2. These parameters, although guaranteed, are not tested in production.
3. These parameters, although guaranteed, are tested only in EDS (wafer test) process.
© 2009 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com
FAN7621S • Rev. 1.0.1 7
FAN7621S — PFM Controller for Half-Bridge Resonant Converters
Typical Performance Characteristics
These characteristic graphs are normalized at TA=25ºC.
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100
Temp (
O
C)
Normalized at 25
O
C
Temp (
O
C)
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100
Normalized at 25
O
C
Figure 4. Low-Side MOSFET Duty C ycle
vs. Temperature Figure 5. Switching Frequency vs. Temperature
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100
Temp (
O
C)
Normalized at 25
O
C
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100
Temp (
O
C)
Norm alized at 25
O
C
Figure 6. High-Side
V
CC (H
V
CC) Start vs. Temperature Figure 7. High-Side
V
CC (H
V
CC) Stop vs. Temperature
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100
Temp (
O
C)
Normalized at 25
O
C
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100
Temp (
O
C)
Normalized at 25
O
C
Figure 8. Low-Side
V
CC (L
V
CC) Start vs. Temperature Figure 9. Low-Side
V
CC (L
V
CC) Stop vs. Temperature
© 2009 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com
FAN7621S • Rev. 1.0.1 8
FAN7621S — PFM Controller for Half-Bridge Resonant Converters
Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
These characteristic graphs are normalized at TA=25ºC.
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100
Temp (
O
C)
Normalized at 25
O
C
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100
Temp (
O
C)
Normalized at 25
O
C
Figure 10. LVCC OVP Voltage vs. Temperature Figure 11. RT Voltage vs. Temperature
Figure 12.
V
CssL vs. Temperature Figure 13.
V
CssH vs. Temperature
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100
Temp (
O
C)
Normalized at 25
O
C
Figure 14. OCP Voltage vs. Temperature
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100
Normalized at 25
Temp()
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100
Normalized at 25
Temp()
© 2009 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com
FAN7621S • Rev. 1.0.1 9
FAN7621S — PFM Controller for Half-Bridge Resonant Converters
Functional Description
1. Basic Operation: FAN7621S is designed to drive
high-side and low-side MOSFETs complementarily with
50% duty cycle. A fixed dead time of 350ns is introduced
between consecutive transitions, as shown in Figure 15.
Figure 15. MOSFETs Gate Drive Signal
2. Internal Oscillator: FAN7621S employs a current-
controlled oscillator, as shown in Figure 16. Internally,
the voltage of RT pin is regulated at 2V and the charging /
discharging current for the oscillator capacitor, CT, is
obtained by copying the current flowing out of RT pin
(ICTC) using a current mirror. Therefore, the switching
frequency increases as ICTC increases.
Figure 16. Current Controlled Oscillator
3. Frequency Setting: Figure 17 shows the typical
voltage gain curve of a resonant converter, where the
gain is inversely proportional to the switching frequency
in the ZVS region. The output voltage can be regulated
by modulating the switching frequency. Figure 18 shows
the typical circuit configuration for RT pin, where the opto-
coupler transistor is connected to the RT pin to modulate
the switching frequency.
The minimum switching frequency is determined as:
min
min
5.2 100( )
k
fkHz
R
Ω
=× (1)
Assuming the saturation voltage of the opto-coupler
transistor is 0.2V, the maximum switching frequency is
determined as:
max
min max
5.2 4.68
( ) 100( )
kk
fkHz
RR
ΩΩ
=+ × (2)
Figure 17. Resonant Converter T ypical Gain Curve
FAN7621S
Figure 18. Frequency Control Circuit
To prevent excessive inrush current and overshoot of
output voltage during startup, increase the voltage gain
of the resonant converter progressively. Since the
voltage gain of the resonant converter is inversely
proportional to the switching frequency, the soft-start is
implemented by sweeping down the switching frequency
from an initial high frequency (fISS) until the output
voltage is established. The soft-start circuit is made by
connecting R-C series network on the RT pin, as shown
in Figure 18. FAN7621S also has an internal soft-start of
3ms to reduce the current overshoot during the initial
cycles, which adds 40kHz to the initial frequency of the
external soft-start circuit, as shown in Figure 19. The
initial frequency of the soft-start is given as:
min
5.2 5.2
()10040()
ISS
SS
kk
fkHz
RR
Ω
Ω
=+×+ (3)
It is typical to set the initial (soft-start) frequency two ~
three times the resonant frequency (fO) of the resonant
network.
I
C TC +
-
+
-
3V
1V -Q
Q
R
S
F/F
2I CTC
VRE F
ICTC
2V
+
-C oun t er
(1/4)
RT
8Gate drive
C
T
© 2009 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com
FAN7621S • Rev. 1.0.1 10
FAN7621S — PFM Controller for Half-Bridge Resonant Converters
The soft-start time is three to four times the RC time
constant. The RC time constant is as follows:
SSSSSS CRt •= (4)
Figure 19. Frequency Sweeping of Soft-Start
4. Self Auto-restart: The FAN7621S can restart
automatically even if a built-in protection is triggered with
external supply voltage. As shown in Figure 20 and
Figure 21; once any protections are triggered, M1 switch
turns on and V-I converter is disabled. CSS starts to be
discharged until the VCss across CSS drops to VCssL. Then
all protections are reset, M1 turns off, and V-I converter
resumes. The FAN7621S starts switching again with soft-
start. If the protections occur while VCss is under VCssL
and VCssH level, the switching is terminated immediately,
VCss continues to increase until reaching VCssH, then CSS
is discharged by M1.
Figure 20. Internal Block of AR Pin
After protections trigger, FAN7621S is disabled during
the stop-time, tstop, where VCss decreases and reaches to
VCssL. The stop-time of FAN7621S can be estimated as:
t
stop
=Css · Rss+Rmin || 5kΩ (5)
For the soft-start time, ts/s it can be set as Equation (4).
Figure 21. Self Auto-Restart Operation
5. Protection Circuits: The FAN7621S has several self-
protective functions, such as Over-Current Protection
(OCP), Abnormal Over-Current Protection (AOCP), Over-
Voltage Protection (OVP), and Thermal Shutdown (TSD).
These protections are auto-restart mode protections, as
shown in Figure 21.
Once a fault condition is detected, switching is
terminated and the MOSFETs remain off. When LVCC
falls to the LVCC stop voltage of 10V or the AR signal is
HIGH, the protection is reset. FAN7621S resumes normal
operation when LVCC reaches the start voltage of 12.5V.
Figure 22. Protection Blocks
5.1 Over-Current Protection (OCP): When the
sensing pin voltage drops below -0.58V, OCP is
triggered and the MOSFETs remain off. This protection
has a shutdown time delay of 1.5µs to prevent
premature shutdown during startup.
5.2 Abnormal Over-Current Protection (AOCP): If
the secondary rectifier diodes are shorted, large
current with extremely high di/dt can flow through the
MOSFET before OCP is triggered. AOCP is triggered
without shutdown delay when the sensing pin voltage
drops below -0.9V.
5.3 Over-Voltage Protection (OVP): When the LVCC
reaches 23V, OVP is triggered. This protection is used
when auxiliary winding of the transformer to supply VCC
to the controller is utilized.
5.4 Thermal Shutdown (TSD): If the temperature of
the junction exceeds approximately 130°C, the thermal
shutdown triggers.
f
s
time
Control loop
take over
40kHz
f
ISS
LV
CC
I
Cr
V
AR
t
stop
t
S/S
V
CssH
(a) (a)(a)(b) (b)
(a ) Pr ote ctions a re trigge red, (b) FSF R-U S restarts
V
CssL
(b)
© 2009 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com
FAN7621S • Rev. 1.0.1 11
FAN7621S — PFM Controller for Half-Bridge Resonant Converters
6. Current Sensing Using Resistor: FAN7621S senses
drain current as a negative voltage, as shown in Figure
23 and Figure 24. Half-wave sensing allows low power
dissipation in the sensing resistor, while full-wave
sensing has less switching noise in the sensing signal.
Figure 23. Half-Wave Sensing
Figure 24. Full-Wave Sensing
7. PCB Layout Guidelines: Duty imbalance problems
may occur due to the radiated noise from the main
transformer, the inequality of the secondary-side leakage
inductances of main transformer, and so on. It is one of
the dominant reasons that the control components in the
vicinity of RT pin are enclosed by the primary current flow
pattern on PCB layout. The direction of the magnetic field
on the components caused by the primary current flow is
changed when the high- and low-side MOSFET turns on
by turns. The magnetic fields with opposite direction from
each other induce a current through, into, or out of the RT
pin, which makes the turn-on duration of each MOSFET
different. It is strongly recommended to separate the
control components in the vicinity of RT pin from the
primary current flow pattern on PCB layout. Error!
Reference source no t found. shows an example for the
duty-balanced case. The yellow and blue lines show the
primary current flows when the lower-side and higher-
side MOSFETs turn on, respectively. The primary current
does not enclose any component of controller.
Figure 25. Example for Duty Balancing
18
9
16
PIN #1 IDENT.
A. CONFORMS TO EIAJ EDR-7320
REGISTRATION, ESTABLISHED IN
B. DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.
C. DIMENSIONS ARE EXCLUSIVE OF BURRS,
MOLD FLASH, AND TIE BAR EXTRUSIONS.
18
9
16
27
10
15
10.30
10.10
5.40
5.20
1.90
1.70
0.51
0.35
1.27 TYP
9.27 TYP
5.01 TYP
1.27
TYP
NOTES:
0.60 TYP
SEE DETAIL A
GAGE PLANE
0.25
SEATING PLANE
0-8° TYP
MIN
0.25 1.25
3.9
7.8
0.47 TYP
2.1 MAX
(2.13 TYP)
0.25
0.15
7° TYP
D. DRAWING FILENAME: MKT-M16Drev5
ALL LEAD TIPS
ALL LEAD TIPS
0.16
0.14
DECEMBER, 1998.
0.2 C B A
0.1 C
0.12 C A
-A-
-B-
www.onsemi.com
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ON Semiconductor makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does ON Semiconductor assume any liability
arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages.
Buyer is responsible for its products and applications using ON Semiconductor products, including compliance with all laws, regulations and safety requirements or standards,
regardless of any support or applications information provided by ON Semiconductor. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in ON Semiconductor data sheets and/or
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