This is information on a product in full production.
December 2017 DocID4467 Rev 12 1/21
TL431
TL432
Automotive adjustable voltage reference
Datasheet - production data
Features
AEC-Q100 qualified
Adjustable output voltage: 2.5 to 36 V
Sink current capability: 1 to 100 mA
Typical output impedance: 0.22 Ω
1% and 2% voltage precision
Automotive temp. range -40 °C to +125 °C
Applications
Power supply
Industrial
Automotive
Description
The TL431 and TL432 are adjustable shunt
voltage references with guaranteed temperature
stability over the entire operating temperature
range. The device temperature range is extended
for the automotive version from -40 °C up to
+125 °C. The output voltage can be set to any
value between 2.5 and 36 V with two external
resistors. The TL431 and TL432 operate with a
wide current range from 1 to 100 mA with a typical
dynamic impedance of 0.22 Ω.
D
SO-8
(Batwing plastic micropackage)
Z
TO-92
(Plastic package)
L
SOT23-3
L
SOT23-5
C
SOT323-6
www.st.com
Contents TL431, TL432
2/21 DocID4467 Rev 12
Contents
1 Schematic diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4 Package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.1 SO-8 package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.2 TO-92 ammopack and tape and reel package information . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.3 TO-92 (bulk) package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.4 SOT23-3 package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.5 SOT23-5 package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.6 SOT323-6 package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5 Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
DocID4467 Rev 12 3/21
TL431, TL432 Schematic diagrams
21
1 Schematic diagrams
Figure 1. TO-92 pin connections (top view)
Figure 2. SO-8 batwing pin connections (top view)
Figure 3. SOT23-5 and SOT23-3 pin connections (top view)
Figure 4. SOT323-6 pin connections (top view)
Figure 5. TL431 and TL432 block diagram
SO8
Anode
Cathode Ref1
2
3
7
8
4
6
NC5
Anode
NC
SOT23-3SOT23-5
NC
NC
Cathode Ref
Anode1
2
34
5Cathode
Ref Anode
1
23
TL431 TL431 TL432
Anode
Cathode
Vref
Ref
Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions TL431, TL432
4/21 DocID4467 Rev 12
2 Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions
Table 1. Absolute maximum ratings
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
VKA Cathode to anode voltage 37 V
IkContinuous cathode current range -100 to +150 mA
Iref Reference input current range -0.05 to +10 mA
Rthjc
Thermal resistance junction to case
TO-92
SO-8 batwing
SOT23-3L
SOT23-5L
SOT323-6L
57
30
136
67
110
°C/W
Rthja
Thermal resistance junction to ambient
TO-92
SO-8 batwing
SOT23-3L
SOT23-5L
SOT323-6L
200
85
248
157
221
°C/W
Tstg Storage temperature range -65 to +150 °C
TJJunction temperature 150 °C
ESD
TL431IY, TL431AIY-T: HBM (human body model)(1)
TL431-TL432: HBM (human body model)
MM: machine model(2)
CDM: charged device model(3)
1. Human body model: a 100 pF capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged through a
1.5 kresistor between two pins of the device. This is done for all couples of connected pin combinations
while the other pins are floating.
2. Machine model: a 200 pF capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged directly between
two pins of the device with no external series resistor (internal resistor < 5 ). This is done for all couples of
connected pin combinations while the other pins are floating.
3. Charged device model: all pins and the package are charged together to the specified voltage and then
discharged directly to the ground through only one pin. This is done for all pins.
3000
2000
200
1500
V
Table 2. Operating conditions
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
VKA Cathode to anode voltage Vref to 36 V
IkCathode current 1 to 100 mA
Toper
Operating free-air temperature range
TL431C/AC
TL431I/AI - TL432I/AI
TL431IY/AIY
0 to +70
-40 to +105
-40 to +125
°C
DocID4467 Rev 12 5/21
TL431, TL432 Electrical characteristics
21
3 Electrical characteristics
Table 3. TL431C (Tamb = 25 °C unless otherwise specified)
Symbol Parameter
TL431C TL431AC
Unit
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
Vref
Reference input voltage
VKA = Vref, Ik = 10 mA, Tamb = 25 °C
Tmin Tamb T
max
2.44
2.423
2.495
-
2.55
2.567
2.47
2.453
2.495
-
2.52
2.537
V
Vref
Reference input voltage deviation overtemperature
range (1)
VKA = Vref, Ik = 10 mA, Tmin Tamb T
max -317-315
mV
Ratio of change in reference input voltage to change
in cathode to anode voltage
Ik = 10 mA - VKA = 10 V to Vref
VKA = 36 V to 10 V
-2.7
-2
-1.4
-1
-
-
-2.7
-2
-1.4
-1
-
-
mV/V
Iref
Reference input current
Ik = 10 mA, R1 = 10 k, R2 =
Tamb = 25 °C
Tmin Tamb Tmax
-
-
1.8
-
4
5.2
-
-
1.8
-
4
5.2
µA
Iref
Reference input current deviation overtemperature
range
Ik = 10 mA, R1 = 10 k, R2 =
Tmin Tamb T
max -0.4 1.2 -0.4 1.2
µA
Imin
Minimum cathode current for regulation
VKA = Vref
-0.5 1 -0.5 0.6 mA
Ioff Off-state cathode current - 2.6 1000 - 2.6 1000 nA
ZKADynamic impedance(2)
VKA = Vref, Ik = 1 to 100 mA, f 1 kHZ - 0.22 0.5 - 0.22 0.5
1. See definition of Section : Reference input voltage deviation overtemperature range.
2. The dynamic impedance is defined as ZKA
=
Vref
Vka
------------
VKA
Ik
----------------
Electrical characteristics TL431, TL432
6/21 DocID4467 Rev 12
Table 4. TL431I/TL432I (Tamb = 25 °C unless otherwise specified)
Symbol Parameter
TL431I/TL432I TL431AI/TL432AI
Unit
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
Vref
Reference input voltage
VKA = Vref, Ik = 10 mA, Tamb = 25 °C
Tmin Tamb T
max
2.44
2.41
2.495
-
2.55
2.58
2.47
2.44
2.495
-
2.52
2.55
V
Vref
Reference input voltage deviation overtemperature
range (1)
VKA = Vref, Ik =10 mA, TminTamb T
max
-730-730mV
Ratio of change in reference input voltage to change
in cathode to anode voltage
Ik = 10 mA, VKA = 10 V to Vref
VKA = 36 V to 10 V
-2.7
-2
-1.4
-1
-
-
-2.7
-2
-1.4
-1
-
-mV/V
Iref
Reference input current
Ik = 10 mA, R1 = 10 k, R2 =
Tamb = 25 °C
Tmin Tamb Tmax
-
-
1.8
-
4
6.5
-
-
1.8
-
4
6.5 µA
Iref
Reference input current deviation overtemperature
range
Ik = 10 mA, R1 = 10 k, R2 =
Tmin Tamb Tmax -0.8 2.5 -0.8 1.2 µA
Imin
Minimum cathode current for regulation
VKA = Vref
- 0.5 1 - 0.5 0.7 mA
Ioff Off-state cathode current - 2.6 1000 - 2.6 1000 nA
ZKADynamic impedance(2)
VKA = Vref, Ik = 1 to 100 mA, f 1kHZ - 0.22 0.5 - 0.22 0.5
1. See definition of Section : Reference input voltage deviation overtemperature range below.
2. The dynamic impedance is defined as ZKA
=
Vref
Vka
------------
VKA
Ik
----------------
DocID4467 Rev 12 7/21
TL431, TL432 Electrical characteristics
21
Reference input voltage deviation overtemperature range
Vref is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum values obtained over
the full temperature range.
Vref = Vref max - Vref min
Figure 6. Reference input voltage deviation overtemperature range
Table 5. TL431IY (Tamb = 25 °C unless otherwise specified)
Symbol Parameter
TL431IY TL431AIY
Unit
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
Vref
Reference input voltage
VKA = Vref, Ik = 10 mA
Tmin Tamb T
max
2.44
2.41
2.495
-
2.55
2.58
2.47
2.44
2.495
-
2.52
2.55
V
Vref
Reference input voltage deviation overtemperature
range(1)
VKA = Vref, Ik = 10 mA, TminTamb T
max -730 -730mV
Ratio of change in reference input voltage to change
in cathode to anode voltage
Ik = 10 mA, VKA = 10 V to Vref
Ik = 10 mA, VKA = 36 V to 10 V
-2.7
-2
-1.4
-1
-
-
-2.7
-2
-1.4
-1
-
-
mV/V
Iref
Reference input current
Ik = 10 mA, R1 = 10 k, R2 =
Tmin Tamb Tmax
-
-
1.8
-
4
6.5
-
-
1.8
-
4
6.5
µA
Iref
Reference input current deviation overtemperature
range
Ik = 10 mA, R1 = 10 k, R2 = Tmin Tamb
Tmax -0.8 2.5 -0.8 1.2 µA
Imin
Minimum cathode current for regulation
VKA = Vref
- 0.5 1 - 0.5 0.6 mA
Ioff
Off-state cathode current
Tmin Tamb Tmax
-
-
2.6 1000
3000
-
-
2.6 1000
3000
nA
ZKADynamic impedance(2)
VKA = Vref, Ik = 1 to 100 mA, F 1kHz - 0.22 0.5 - 0.22 0.5
1. See definition of Section : Reference input voltage deviation overtemperature range below.
2. The dynamic impedance is defined as ZKA
=
Vref
Vka
------------
VKA
Ik
----------------
Electrical characteristics TL431, TL432
8/21 DocID4467 Rev 12
Figure 7. Test circuit for VKA = Vref Figure 8. Test circuit for programming mode
Input
VKA
VREF
IK=10mA
Output
R
VKA = VREF + R1 x IREF
1R1
R2
-------+
Input
VKA
VREF
IK
R1
R2
IREF
ROutput
Figure 9. Test circuit for Ioff Figure 10. Test circuit for phase margin and
voltage gain
VKA=36V
IOFF
Input VREF
IK=10mA
Output
10F
10F
15k8.25k
Figure 11. Test circuit for response time Figure 12. Reference voltage vs. temperature
IK=1mA
Output
0 mA
1 mA
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
2.44
2.46
2.48
2.50
2.52
2.54
VKA = VREF
IK = 10 mA
Cathode voltage VKA (V)
Temperature (C)
DocID4467 Rev 12 9/21
TL431, TL432 Electrical characteristics
21
Figure 13. Reference voltage vs. cathode
current
Figure 14. Zoom on reference voltage vs.
cathode current
Figure 15. Reference current vs. temperature Figure 16. Off-state cathode current vs.
temperature
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
IK=10 mA
R1=10k
R2= +
Reference current IREF (A)
Temperature °C
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
VKA = 36 V
VREF = 0 V
Off-state current IOFF (A)
Temperature (C)
Figure 17. Ratio of change in Vref to change in
VKA vs. temperature
Figure 18. Static impedance RKA vs.
temperature
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
IK = 10 mA
VREF / VKA (mV / V)
Temperature (C)
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
VKA=VREF
Static impedance RKA ()
Temperature (C)
Electrical characteristics TL431, TL432
10/21 DocID4467 Rev 12
Figure 19. Minimum operating current vs.
temperature
Figure 20. Gain and phase vs. frequency
-40-20 0 20406080100120
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
VKA = VREF
Minimum cathode current IMIN (mA)
Temperature (C)
Figure 21. Stability behavior with capacitive
loads
Figure 22. Maximum power dissipation
Figure 23. Pulse response for Ik = 1 mA
DocID4467 Rev 12 11/21
TL431, TL432 Package information
21
4 Package information
In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of
ECOPACK® packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK®
specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com.
ECOPACK® is an ST trademark.
Package information TL431, TL432
12/21 DocID4467 Rev 12
4.1 SO-8 package information
Figure 24. SO-8 package outline
Table 6. SO-8 package mechanical data
Symbol
Dimensions
Millimeters Inches
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A - 1.75 - - 0.069
A1 0.10 - 0.25 0.004 - 0.010
A2 1.25 - - 0.049 - -
b 0.28 - 0.48 0.011 - 0.019
c 0.17 - 0.23 0.007 - 0.010
D 4.80 4.90 5.00 0.189 0.193 0.197
E 5.80 6.00 6.20 0.228 0.236 0.244
E1 3.80 3.90 4.00 0.150 0.154 0.157
e - 1.27 - - 0.050 -
h 0.25 - 0.50 0.010 - 0.020
L 0.40 - 1.27 0.016 - 0.050
L1 - 1.04 - - 0.040 -
k 0° - 8° 0° - 8°
ccc - - 0.10 - - 0.004
DocID4467 Rev 12 13/21
TL431, TL432 Package information
21
4.2 TO-92 ammopack and tape and reel package information
Figure 25. TO-92 ammopack and tape and reel package outline
Table 7. TO-92 ammopack and tape and reel package mechanical data
Symbol
Dimension (millimeters) Dimension (Inches)
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A1 - - 5.0 - - 0.197
A - - 5.0 - - 0.197
T - - 4.0 - - 0.157
d - 0.45 - - 0.018 -
I1 2.5 - - 0.098 - -
P 11.7 12.7 13.7 0.461 0.500 0.539
PO 12.4 12.7 13 0.488 0.500 0.512
P2 5.95 6.35 6.75 0.234 0.250 0.266
F1/F2 2.4 2.5 2.8 0.094 0.098 0.110
h -1 0 1 -0.039 0 0.039
P -1 0 1 -0.039 0 0.039
W 17.5 18.0 19.0 0.689 0.709 0.748
W0 5.7 6 6.3 0.224 0.236 0.248
W1 8.5 9 9.75 0.335 0.354 0.384
W2 - - 0.5 - - 0.020
H- -20- -0.787
H0 15.5 16 16.5 0.610 0.630 0.650
H1 - - 25 - - 0.984
DO 3.8 4.0 4.2 0.150 0.157 0.165
L1--11--0.433
Package information TL431, TL432
14/21 DocID4467 Rev 12
4.3 TO-92 (bulk) package information
Figure 26. TO-92 bulk package outline
Table 8. TO-92 bulk package mechanical data
Symbol
Dimension (millimeters) Dimension (Inches)
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A - 1.35 - - 0.053 -
B - - 4.70 - - 0.185
C - 2.54 - - 0.100 -
D4.40- -0.173 - -
E 12.70 - - 0.500 - -
F - - 3.70 - - 0.146
a - - 0.5 - - 0.019
0067407_H
DocID4467 Rev 12 15/21
TL431, TL432 Package information
21
4.4 SOT23-3 package information
Figure 27. SOT23-3 package outline
Table 9. SOT23-3 package mechanical data
Symbol
Dimensions
Millimeters Inches
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A 0.89 - 1.12 0.035 - 0.044
A1 0.01 - 0.10 0.0004 - 0.004
A2 0.88 0.95 1.02 0.035 0.037 0.040
b 0.30 - 0.50 0.012 - 0.020
c 0.08 - 0.20 0.003 - 0.008
D 2.80 2.90 3.04 0.110 0.114 0.120
E 2.10 - 2.64 0.083 - 0.104
E1 1.20 1.30 1.40 0.047 0.051 0.055
e - 0.95 - - 0.037 -
e1 - 1.90 - - 0.075 -
L 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.016 0.020 0.024
L1 - 0.54 - - 0.021 -
k0d-8d---
Package information TL431, TL432
16/21 DocID4467 Rev 12
4.5 SOT23-5 package information
Figure 28. SOT23-5 package outline
Table 10. SOT23-5 package mechanical data
Symbol
Dimensions
Millimeters Inches
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A 0.90 - 1.45 0.035 - 0.057
A1 - - 0.15 - - 0.006
A2 0.90 - 1.30 0.035 - 0.051
b 0.35 - 0.50 0.014 - 0.020
c 0.09 - 0.20 0.004 - 0.008
D 2.80 - 3.05 0.110 - 0.120
E 1.50 - 1.75 0.059 - 0.069
e - 0.95 - - 0.037 -
H 2.60 - 3.00 0.102 - 0.118
L 0.10 - 0.60 0.004 - 0.024
0 degrees - 10 degrees - - -
7049676_I
DocID4467 Rev 12 17/21
TL431, TL432 Package information
21
4.6 SOT323-6 package information
Figure 29. SOT323-6 package outline
Table 11. SOT323-6 package mechanical data
Symbol
Dimensions
Millimeters Inches
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A 0.80 - 1.10 0.031 - 0.043
A1 0 - 0.10 - - 0.004
A2 0.80 - 1.00 0.031 - 0.039
b 0.15 - 0.30 0.006 - 0.012
c 0.10 - 0.18 0.004 - 0.007
D 1.80 - 2.20 0.071 - 0.087
E 1.15 - 1.35 0.045 - 0.053
e - 0.65 - - 0.026 -
HE 1.80 - 2.40 0.071 - 0.094
L 0.10 - 0.40 0.004 - 0.016
Q1 0.10 - 0.40 0.004 - 0.016
7095021_E
Ordering information TL431, TL432
18/21 DocID4467 Rev 12
5 Ordering information
Table 12. Order codes
Order code Accuracy (%) Temperature range Package Packing Marking
TL431CD
TL431CDT 2
0 °C to +70 °C
SO-8 Tube or
Tape and reel
431C
TL431ACD
TL431ACDT 1431AC
TL431CZ
TL431CZT
TL431CZ-AP
2
TO-92
Bulk or
Tape or
Ammopack
TL431C
TL431ACZ
TL431ACZT
TL431ACZ-AP
1TL431AC
TL431CL3T 2
SOT23-3
Ta p e
L19
TL431ACL3T 1 L18
TL431CL5T 2
SOT23-5
L19
TL431ACL5T 1 L18
TL431CCT 2
SOT323-6
31C
TL431ACCT 1 31C
TL431ID
TL431IDT 2
-40 °C to + 105 °C
SO-8 Tube or
tape and reel
431I
TL431AID
TL431AIDT 1431AI
TL431IZ
TL431IZT
TL431IZ-AP
2
TO-92
Bulk or
Tape or
Ammopack
TL431I
TL431AIZ
TL431AIZT
TL431AIZ-AP
1TL431AI
TL431IL3T 2
SOT23-3
Ta p e
L17
TL431AIL3T 1 L16
TL432IL3T 2
SOT23-3
32I
TL432AIL3T 1 32AI
TL431IL5T 2
SOT23-5
L17
TL431AIL5T 1 L16
TL431ICT 2
SOT323-6
31I
TL431AICT 1 31I
DocID4467 Rev 12 19/21
TL431, TL432 Ordering information
21
TL431IYD(1)
TL431IYDT(1) 2
-40 °C to + 125 °C
SO-8
(Automotive
grade level)
Tube or
tape and reel
431IY
TL431AIYD(1)
TL431AIYDT(1) 1431AIY
1. Qualification and characterization according to AEC Q100 and Q003 or equivalent, advanced screening according to AEC
Q001 and Q 002 or equivalent.
Table 12. Order codes (continued)
Order code Accuracy (%) Temperature range Package Packing Marking
Revision history TL431, TL432
20/21 DocID4467 Rev 12
6 Revision history
Table 13. Document revision history
Date Revision Changes
01-Mar-2002 1 Initial release.
01-Nov-2005 2 PPAP references inserted in order codes table on cover page.
13-Dec-2006 3 Corrected TO-92 package information.
08-Jun-2007 4
Specified that SO-8 package is batwing package.
In electrical characteristics tables, moved negative values from max column to
min column.
Corrected captions of Figure 7 and of Figure 18.
Added footnote to Table 8: TO-92 bulk package mechanical data.
25-Feb-2008 5
Corrected SO-8 package mechanical data.
Corrected footnote for automotive grade order codes in order code table.
Corrected packing information for TO-92 devices in order code table.
04-Jun-2009 6
Changed IMIN to 0.6 mA in Table 3 and Table 4.
Increased temperature range to 125°C in temperature curves.
Added Table 5, dedicated to automotive version.
Increased high temperature for automotive range up to +125 °C in Table 5 and
in Table 12: Order codes.
Inserted accuracy column in Table 12 .
09-Jun-2009 7 Corrected minor error in package column in Table 12.
14-Mar-2011 8 Added Figure 3 on page 3, Section 4.4 on page 15 and Section 4.5 on page
16.
07-Oct-2011 9
Added new package mechanical data Table 11 on page 17 and Figure 29 on
page 17.
Updated Table 12 on page 18.
17-Nov-2011 10 Added new part number TL432, new order code Table 12 on page 18 and pin
connection for TL432 Figure 3 on page 3.
03-Dec-2012 11 Removed temperature range in title Table 3 on page 5, Table 4 on page 6 and
Table 5 on page 7.
07-Dec-2017 12
Updated main title on page 1 and Section : Features on page 1, (added
“automotive” - AEC-Q100 qualified).
Updated Table 1 on page 4 (updated Rthja and Rthjc).
Minor modifications throughout document.
DocID4467 Rev 12 21/21
TL431, TL432
21
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