![](data:image/jpeg;base64,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)
5 Op eration Descr iption VIPer100-E
12/29
As soon as the power goes below this limit, the auxili ary secondary voltage starts t o increas e
abov e the 13V regulation level , forcing the output volta ge of the transconduc tance amplifier to
low state (V COMP < VCOMPth). This s ituation leads to the shut down mode where the power
swit ch is maintai ned in the Of f state, resulting in missing cycles and zero duty cycle. As soon as
VDD gets back to the regula tion level and the VCOMPth threshold is reached, the device
operates again. The above cycle repeats indefinitely, providing a burst m ode of which the
effective duty cycle is mu ch lower than the minimum one when in normal operation. The
equivale nt switch ing frequency is also lower th an the normal one, leading to a reduce d
cons umption on the input main supply lines. This mode of operation allows the VI Per100-E to
meet the new Ge rman "Blue An gel" Norm with less than 1W to tal power consumption for the
system when working in stand-by mode. The output voltage remains regulated around the
normal le vel, with a low frequency ripple corresponding t o the burst mode. The amplitude of this
ripple is low, because of the output capa citors and low output current drawn in such
con ditions.The norm al operation resum es automat ically when the power gets back to high er
levels than PSTBY.
5.3 High Voltage Start-up Curren t Suorce
An integrated high voltage current source provides a bias current from the DRAIN pin during
the start-up phase. This current is partially absorbed by internal control circuits which are
placed into a st andby mode with reduced consumpti on and also provided to the external
capacitor connected to the V DD pin. As soon as t he volt age on this pin reaches the high v oltage
threshold V DDon of the UVLO logi c, the device becomes active mode and starts switching. The
start-up current generator is switched off, and the convert er should normally provide the
needed c urrent on the VDD pin through the auxiliary winding of the transformer, as shown on
(see Figure 11).
In case there are abnormal conditions where the auxiliary winding is unable to provide the l ow
voltage supply curre nt to the VDD pin (i.e. short circui t on the output of the converter), the
external capacitor discharges to the low thre shold voltage VDDoff of the UVLO logic, and the
device goes back to the inactive state where the internal circuits are in st andby mode and the
start-up current source is activated. The converter en ters a endless start-up cycle, with a start-
up duty cycle defined by the ratio of charging current towards dischargi ng when the VIPer100-
E tries to start. This ratio is fixed by design to 2A t o 15A, which gives a 12% start-up duty cycle
w hile the power dissipation at start-up is app roxima tely 0.6W, for a 230Vrms input voltage.
This low value start-up duty cycle prevents the appl ication of stress to the output rectifiers as
wel l as the transformer when a short circuit occurs.
The external capacitor CVDD on t he V DD pin must be sized according to the time needed by the
con verter to start up, when the device starts switching. This time tSS depend s on many
parameters, amo ng which transforme r design, output capacitors, soft start feature, and
compensation net work implemented on the COMP pin. The following formula can be used for
defining th e minimu m capacitor needed:
where:
IDD is the consumption current on the VDD pin when switching. Refer to specified IDD1 and IDD2
values.
tSS is the start up time of the converter when the device begins to switc h. Worst case is
generally at full load.
CVDD
IDDtSS
VDDhyst
-------------------->