LM5088MH-2EVAL/NOPB - NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR

LM48820

LM48820 Ground-Referenced, Ultra Low Noise, Fixed Gain, 95mW Stereo

Headphone Amplifier

Literature Number: SNAS370A

June 2007

LM48820

Ground-Referenced, Ultra Low Noise, Fixed Gain, 95mW

Stereo Headphone Amplifier

General Description

The LM48820 is a ground referenced, fixed-gain audio power

amplifier capable of delivering 95mW of continuous average

power into a 16Ω single-ended load, with less than 1% THD

+N from a 3V power supply.

The LM48820 features a new circuit technology that utilizes

a charge pump to generate a negative reference voltage. This

allows the outputs to be biased about ground, thereby elimi-

nating output-coupling capacitors typically used with normal

single-ended loads.

Boomer audio power amplifiers were designed specifically to

provide high quality output power with a minimal number of

external components. The LM48820 does not require output

coupling capacitors or bootstrap capacitors, and therefore is

ideally suited for mobile phone and other portable applica-

tions.

The LM48820 features a low-power consumption shutdown

mode selectable for each channel and a soft start function that

reduces start-up current transients. Additionally, the

LM48820 features an internal thermal shutdown protection

mechanism.

The LM48820 contains advanced pop & click circuitry that

eliminates noises which would otherwise occur during turn-on

and turn-off transitions.

The LM48820 has an internal fixed gain of 1.5V/V.

Key Specifications

■ Improved PSRR at 217Hz 80dB (typ)

■ Power Output at VDD = 3V,

RL = 16Ω, THD+N = 1% 95mW (typ)

■ Shutdown Current 0.05µA (typ)

■ Internal Fixed Gain 1.5V/V (typ)

■ Wide Operating Voltage Range 1.6V to 4.5V

Features

■Available in space saving 0.4mm pitch micro SMD

package

■Fixed Logic Levels

■Ground referenced outputs

■High PSRR

■Ultra low current shutdown mode

■Improved pop & click circuitry eliminates noises during

turn-on and turn-off transitions

■No output coupling capacitors, snubber networks,

bootstrap capacitors, or gain-setting resistors required

■Shutdown either channel independently

■Soft start feature reduces start up transient current

Applications

■Mobile Phones

■MP3 Players

■PDAs

■Portable electronic devices

■Notebook PCs

Boomer® is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.

LM48820 Ground-Referenced, Ultra Low Noise, Fixed Gain, 95mW Stereo Headphone Amplifier

Typical Application

202023b8

FIGURE 1. Typical Audio Amplifier Application Circuit

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LM48820

Connection Diagrams

micro SMD Package

20202309

Top View

Order Number LM48820TM

See NS Package Number TME14AAA

14 – Bump TM Marking

20202378

Top View

XY – Date Code

TT – Lot Traceability

G – Boomer Family

I7 – LM48820TM

TME14 Package View

20202397

3 www.national.com

LM48820

Pin Descriptions

Pin Name Function

A1 RIN Right Channel Input

A2 SGND Signal Ground

A3 CPVDD Charge Pump Power Supply

A4 CCP+ Positive Terminal - Charge Pump Flying Capacitor

B1 SD_RC Active-Low Shutdown, Right Channel

B2 SD_LC Active-Low Shutdown, Left Channel

B4 PGND Power Ground

C1 LIN Left Channel Input

C2 ROUT Right Channel Output

C4 CCP- Negative Terminal - Charge Pump Flying Capacitor

D1 AVDD Positive Power Supply - Amplifier

D2 LOUT Left Channel Output

D3 -AVDD Negative Power Supply - Amplifier

D4 VCP_OUT Charge Pump Power Output

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LM48820

Absolute Maximum Ratings (Notes 1, 2)

If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,

please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/

Distributors for availability and specifications.

Supply Voltage 4.75V

Storage Temperature −65°C to +150°C

Input Voltage -0.3V to VDD + 0.3V

Power Dissipation (Note 3) Internally Limited

ESD Susceptibility (Note 4) 2000V

ESD Susceptibility (Note 5) 200V

Junction Temperature 150°C

Thermal Resistance

θJA (Note 9) 86°C/W (typ)

Operating Ratings

Temperature Range

TMIN ≤ TA ≤ TMAX −40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C

Supply Voltage (VDD) 1.6V ≤ VDD ≤ 4.5V

Electrical Characteristics VDD = 3V (Notes 1, 2)

The following specifications apply for VDD = 3V, 16Ω load, and the conditions shown in “Typical Audio Amplifier Application Cir-

cuit” (see Figure 1) unless otherwise specified. Limits apply to TA = 25°C.

Symbol Parameter Conditions

LM48820 Units

(Limits)

Typical

(Note 6)

Limit

(Notes 7, 8)

IDD

Quiescent Power Supply Current

Full Power Mode

VIN = 0V, inputs terminated

both channels enabled 4.7 5.5 mA (max)

VIN = 0V, inputs terminated

one channel enabled 3 mA (max)

ISD Shutdown Current SD_LC = SD_RC = GND 0.05 2 µA (max)

VOS Output Offset Voltage RL = 32Ω, VIN = 0V 1 5 mV (max)

AVVoltage Gain –1.5 V/V

ΔAVGain Match 1 %

RIN Input Resistance 20 15

kΩ (min)

kΩ (max)

POOutput Power

THD+N = 1% (max); f = 1kHz,

one channel 95 mW

THD+N = 1% (max); f = 1kHz,

RL = 32Ω, one channel 80 mW

THD+N = 1% (max); f = 1kHz,

two channels in phase 50 40 mW (min)

THD+N = 1% (max); f = 1kHz,

RL = 32Ω, two channels in phase 55 45 mW (min)

THD+N Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise

PO = 60mW, f = 1kHz,

single channel 0.01 %

PO = 50mW, f = 1kHz, RL = 32Ω

single channel 0.007 %

PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio

Full Power Mode

VRIPPLE = 200mVP-P, Input Referred

f = 217Hz

f = 1kHz

f = 20kHz

SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio

RL = 32Ω, PO = 20mW,

(A-weighted)

f = 1kHz, BW = 20Hz to 22kHz

100 dB

VIH Shutdown Input Voltage High VDD = 1.8V to 4.2V 1.2 V (min)

VIL Shutdown Input Voltage Low VDD = 1.8V to 4.2V 0.45 V (max)

XTALK Crosstalk PO = 1.6mW, f = 1kHz 70 dB

ZOUT Output Impedance

SD_LC = SD_RC = GND

Input Terminated

Input not terminated

25 kΩ (min)

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LM48820

Symbol Parameter Conditions

LM48820 Units

(Limits)

Typical

(Note 6)

Limit

(Notes 7, 8)

ZOUT Output Impedance

SD_LC = SD_RC = GND

–500mV ≤ VOUT ≤ VDD +500mV

(Note 10)

8 2 kΩ (min)

ILInput Leakage ±0.1 nA

Note 1: All voltages are measured with respect to the GND pin unless otherwise specified.

Note 2: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is

functional but do not guarantee specific performance limits. Electrical Characteristics state DC and AC electrical specifications under particular test conditions

that guarantee specific performance limits. This assumes that the device is within the Operating Ratings. Specifications are not guaranteed for parameters where

no limit is given; however, the typical value is a good indication of device performance.

Note 3: The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJMAX, θJA, and the ambient temperature, TA. The maximum

allowable power dissipation is PDMAX = (TJMAX - TA) / θJA or the number given in Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is lower. See power dissipation curves

for more information

Note 4: Human body model, 100pF discharged through a 1.5kΩ resistor.

Note 5: Machine Model, 220pF - 240pF discharged through all pins.

Note 6: Typicals are measured at 25°C and represent the parametric norm.

Note 7: Limits are guaranteed to National's AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level).

Note 8: Datasheet min/max specification limits are guaranteed by design, test, or statistical analysis.

Note 9: θJA value is measured with the device mounted on a PCB with a 3” x 1.5”, 1oz copper heatsink.

Note 10: VOUT refers to signal applied to the LM48820 outputs.

External Components Description

(Figure 1)

Components Functional Description

1. CINR/INL

Input coupling capacitor which blocks the DC voltage at the amplifier's input terminals. Also creates a high-pass

filter with Ri at fC = 1/(2πRiCIN). Refer to the section Proper Selection of External Components, for an explanation

of how to determine the value of Ci.

2 CCFlying capacitor. Low ESR ceramic capacitor (≤100mΩ)

3. CSS Output capacitor. Low ESR ceramic capacitor (≤100mΩ)

4. CS1

Tantalum capacitor. Supply bypass capacitor which provides power supply filtering. Refer to the Power Supply

Bypassing section for information concerning proper placement and selection of the supply bypass capacitor.

5. CS2

Ceramic capacitor. Supply bypass capacitor which provides power supply filtering. Refer to the Power Supply

Bypassing section for information concerning proper placement and selection of the supply bypass capacitor.

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LM48820

Typical Performance Characteristics

THD+N vs Frequency

VDD = 1.6V, RL = 16Ω, Stereo, PO = 3mW

202023a0

THD+N vs Frequency

VDD = 1.6V, RL = 32Ω, Stereo, PO = 3mW

202023a1

THD+N vs Frequency

VDD = 3V, RL = 16Ω, Stereo, PO = 25mW

202023a3

THD+N vs Frequency

VDD = 3V, RL = 32Ω, Stereo, PO = 25mW

202023a5

THD+N vs Frequency

VDD = 3V, RL = 16Ω, One channel, PO = 60mW

202023a2

THD+N vs Frequency

VDD = 3V, RL = 32Ω, One channel, PO = 50mW

202023a4

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LM48820

THD+N vs Output Power

VDD = 1.6V, RL = 16Ω, One channel

20202321

THD+N vs Output Power

VDD = 1.6V, RL = 32Ω, One channel

20202322

THD+N vs Output Power

VDD = 1.6V, RL = 16Ω, Stereo

20202323

THD+N vs Output Power

VDD = 1.6V, RL = 32Ω, Stereo

20202324

THD+N vs Output Power

VDD = 3V, RL = 16Ω, One channel

20202398

THD+N vs Output Power

VDD = 3V, RL = 32Ω, One channel

20202326

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LM48820

THD+N vs Output Power

VDD = 3V, RL = 16Ω, Stereo

20202327

THD+N vs Output Power

VDD = 3V, RL = 32Ω, Stereo

20202350

Output Power vs Power Supply Voltage

RL = 16Ω, f = 1kHz, Mono

20202371

Output Power vs Power Supply Voltage

RL = 16Ω, f = 1kHz, Stereo

20202372

Output Power vs Power Supply Voltage

RL = 32Ω, f = 1kHz, Mono

20202374

Output Power vs Power Supply Voltage

RL = 32Ω, f = 1kHz, Stereo

20202375

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LM48820

Power Dissipation vs Output Power

VDD = 1.6V, RL = 16Ω, f = 1kHz

20202389

Power Dissipation vs Output Power

VDD = 1.6V, RL = 32Ω, f = 1kHz

20202390

Power Dissipation vs Output Power

VDD = 3V, RL = 16Ω, f = 1kHz

20202391

Power Dissipation vs Output Power

VDD = 3V, RL = 32Ω, f = 1kHz

20202392

PSRR vs Frequency

VDD = 1.6V, RL = 16Ω

20202364

PSRR vs Frequency

VDD = 1.6V, RL = 32Ω

20202366

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LM48820

PSRR vs Frequency

VDD = 3V, RL = 16Ω

20202367

PSRR vs Frequency

VDD = 3V, RL = 32Ω

20202368

Power Supply Current vs Power Supply Voltage

VIN = 0V, Mono

20202376

Power Supply Current vs Power Supply Voltage

VIN = 0V, Stereo

20202377

11 www.national.com

LM48820

Application Information

SUPPLY VOLTAGE SEQUENCING

Before applying any signal to the inputs or shutdown pins of

the LM48820, it is important to apply a supply voltage to the

VDD pins. After the device has been powered, signals may be

applied to the shutdown pins (see MICRO POWER SHUT-

DOWN) and input pins.

ELIMINATING THE OUTPUT COUPLING CAPACITOR

The LM48820 features a low noise inverting charge pump that

generates an internal negative supply voltage. This allows the

outputs of the LM48820 to be biased about GND instead of a

nominal DC voltage, like traditional headphone amplifiers.

Because there is no DC component, the large DC blocking

capacitors (typically 220µF) are not necessary. The coupling

capacitors are replaced by two, small ceramic charge pump

capacitors, saving board space and cost.

Eliminating the output coupling capacitors also improves low

frequency response. In traditional headphone amplifiers, the

headphone impedance and the output capacitor form a high

pass filter that not only blocks the DC component of the out-

put, but also attenuates low frequencies, impacting the bass

response. Because the LM48820 does not require the output

coupling capacitors, the low frequency response of the device

is not degraded by external components.

In addition to eliminating the output coupling capacitors, the

ground referenced output nearly doubles the available dy-

namic range of the LM48820 when compared to a traditional

headphone amplifier operating from the same supply voltage.

OUTPUT TRANSIENT ('CLICK AND POPS') ELIMINATED

The LM48820 contains advanced circuitry that virtually elim-

inates output transients ('clicks and pops'). This circuitry pre-

vents all traces of transients when the supply voltage is first

applied or when the part resumes operation after coming out

of shutdown mode.

AMPLIFIER CONFIGURATION EXPLANATION

As shown in Figure 2, the LM48820 has two internal opera-

tional amplifiers. The two amplifiers have internally configured

gain, the closed loop gain is set by selecting the ratio of Rf to

Ri. Consequently, the gain for each channel of the IC is

AV = -(Rf / Ri) = 1.5 (V/V) (1)

where RF = 30kΩ and Ri = 20kΩ.

POWER DISSIPATION

Power dissipation is a major concern when using any power

amplifier and must be thoroughly understood to ensure a suc-

cessful design. Equation 1 states the maximum power dissi-

pation point for a single-ended amplifier operating at a given

supply voltage and driving a specified output load.

PDMAX = (VDD) 2 / (2π2RL) (W) (2)

Since the LM48820 has two operational amplifiers in one

package, the maximum internal power dissipation point is

twice that of the number which results from Equation 2. Even

with large internal power dissipation, the LM48820 does not

require heat sinking over a large range of ambient tempera-

tures. From Equation 2, assuming a 3V power supply and a

16Ω load, the maximum power dissipation point is 28mW per

amplifier. Thus the maximum package dissipation point is

56mW. The maximum power dissipation point obtained must

not be greater than the power dissipation that results from

Equation 3:

PDMAX = (TJMAX - TA) / (θJA) (W) (3)

For this micro SMD package, θJA = 86°C/W and TJMAX = 150°

C. Depending on the ambient temperature, TA, of the system

surroundings, Equation 3 can be used to find the maximum

internal power dissipation supported by the IC packaging. If

the result of Equation 1 is greater than that of Equation 1, then

either the supply voltage must be decreased, the load

impedance increased or TA reduced. For the typical applica-

tion of a 3V power supply, with a 16Ω load, the maximum

ambient temperature possible without violating the maximum

junction temperature is approximately 127°C provided that

device operation is around the maximum power dissipation

point. Power dissipation is a function of output power and

thus, if typical operation is not around the maximum power

dissipation point, the ambient temperature may be increased

accordingly.

POWER SUPPLY BYPASSING

As with any power amplifier, proper supply bypassing is crit-

ical for low noise performance and high power supply rejec-

tion. Applications that employ a 3V power supply typically use

a 4.7µF capacitor in parallel with a 0.1µF ceramic filter ca-

pacitor to stabilize the power supply output, reduce noise on

the supply line, and improve the supply's transient response.

Keep the length of leads and traces that connect capacitors

between the LM48820's power supply pin and ground as short

as possible.

MICRO POWER SHUTDOWN

The voltage applied to the SD_LC (shutdown left channel) pin

and the SD_RC (shutdown right channel) pin controls the

LM48820’s shutdown function. When active, the LM48820’s

micropower shutdown feature turns off the amplifiers’ bias

circuitry, reducing the supply current. The trigger point is

0.45V (max) for a logic-low level, and 1.2V (min) for logic-high

level. The low 0.05µA (typ) shutdown current is achieved by

applying a voltage that is as near as ground a possible to the

SD_LC/SD_RC pins. A voltage that is higher than ground may

increase the shutdown current.

There are a few ways to control the micro-power shutdown.

These include using a single-pole, single-throw switch, a mi-

croprocessor, or a microcontroller. When using a switch,

connect an external 100kΩ pull-up resistor between the

SD_LC/SD_RC pins and VDD. Connect the switch between

the SD_LC/SD_RC pins and ground. Select normal amplifier

operation by opening the switch. Closing the switch connects

the SD_LC/SD_RC pins to ground, activating micro-power

shutdown. The switch and resistor guarantee that the

SD_LC/SD_RC pins will not float. This prevents unwanted

state changes. In a system with a microprocessor or micro-

controller, use a digital output to apply the control voltage to

the SD_LC/SD_RC pins. Driving the SD_LC/SD_RC pins

with active circuitry eliminates the pull-up resistor.

SELECTING PROPER EXTERNAL COMPONENTS

Optimizing the LM48820's performance requires properly se-

lecting external components. Though the LM48820 operates

well when using external components with wide tolerances,

best performance is achieved by optimizing component val-

ues.

www.national.com 12

LM48820

Charge Pump Capacitor Selection

Use low (<100mΩ) ESR (equivalent series resistance) ce-

ramic capacitors with an X7R dielectric for best performance.

Low ESR capacitors keep the charge pump output

impedance to a minimum, extending the headroom on the

negative supply. Higher ESR capacitors result in reduced

output power from the audio amplifiers.

Charge pump load regulation and output impedance are af-

fected by the value of the flying capacitor (CC). A larger valued

CC (up to 3.3μF) improves load regulation and minimizes

charge pump output resistance. The switch-on resistance

dominates the output impedance for capacitor values above

2.2μF.

The output ripple is affected by the value and ESR of the out-

put capacitor (CSS). Larger capacitors reduce output ripple on

the negative power supply. Lower ESR capacitors minimize

the output ripple and reduce the output impedance of the

charge pump.

The LM48820 charge pump design is optimized for 2.2μF, low

ESR, ceramic, flying, and output capacitors.

Input Capacitor Value Selection

Amplifying the lowest audio frequencies requires high value

input coupling capacitors (CINL and CINR in Figure 1). A high

value capacitor can be expensive and may compromise

space efficiency in portable designs. In many cases, however,

the speakers used in portable systems, whether internal or

external, have little ability to reproduce signals below 150Hz.

Applications using speakers with this limited frequency re-

sponse reap little improvement by using high value input and

output capacitors.

Besides affecting system cost and size, the input coupling

capacitor has an effect on the LM48820's click and pop per-

formance. The magnitude of the pop is directly proportional

to the input capacitor's size. Thus, pops can be minimized by

selecting an input capacitor value that is no higher than nec-

essary to meet the desired −3dB frequency.

As shown in Figure 1, the internal input resistor, Ri and the

input capacitor, CINL and CINR, produce a -3dB high pass filter

cutoff frequency that is found using Equation (4).

f–3dB = 1 / 2πRiCIN (Hz) (4)

Also, careful consideration must be taken in selecting a cer-

tain type of capacitor to be used in the system. Different types

of capacitors (tantalum, electrolytic, ceramic) have unique

performance characteristics and may affect overall system

performance.

13 www.national.com

LM48820

Revision History

Rev Date Description

1.0 05/09/07 Initial release.

1.1 05/15/07 Added the BOM table.

1.2 06/25/07 Deleted and replaced some curves. Input text edits also.

www.national.com 14

LM48820

Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted

14 – Bump micro SMD

Order Number LM48820TM

NS Package Number TME14AAA

X1 = X2 = 1.615±0.03mm, X3 = 0.600±0.075mm,

15 www.national.com

LM48820

Notes

LM48820 Ground-Referenced, Ultra Low Noise, Fixed Gain, 95mW Stereo Headphone Amplifier

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