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An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,

intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.

LM2678

SNVS029K –MARCH 2000–REVISED FEBRUARY 2017

LM2678 SIMPLE SWITCHER

High Efficiency 5-A Step-Down Voltage Regulator

1 Features

1• Efficiency Up to 92%

• Simple and Easy to Design Using Off-the-Shelf

External Components

• 120-mΩDMOS Output Switch

• 3.3-V, 5-V, and 12-V Fixed Output and Adjustable

(1.2 V to 37 V) Versions

• 50-μA Standby Current When Switched OFF

• ±2% Maximum Output Tolerance Over Full Line

and Load Conditions

• Wide Input Voltage Range: 8 V to 40 V

• 260-kHz Fixed Frequency Internal Oscillator

•−40 to 125°C Operating Junction Temperature

Range

• Create a Custom Design Using the LM2678 With

the WEBENCH®Power Designer

2 Applications

• Simple-to-Design, High Efficiency (>90%) Step-

Down Switching Regulators

• Efficient System Preregulator for Linear Voltage

Regulators

• Battery Chargers

3 Description

The LM2678 series of regulators are monolithic

integrated circuits which provide all of the active

functions for a step-down (buck) switching regulator

capable of driving up to 5-A loads with excellent line

and load regulation characteristics. High efficiency

(>90%) is obtained through the use of a low ON-

resistance DMOS power switch. The series consists

of fixed output voltages of 3.3 V, 5 V, and 12 V and

an adjustable output version.

The SIMPLE SWITCHER®concept provides for a

complete design using a minimum number of external

components. A high fixed frequency oscillator

(260 kHz) allows the use of physically smaller sized

components. A family of standard inductors for use

with the LM2678 are available from several

manufacturers to greatly simplify the design process.

The LM2678 series also has built-in thermal

shutdown, current limiting, and an ON/OFF control

input that can power down the regulator to a low 50-

μA quiescent current standby condition. The output

voltage is ensured to a ±2% tolerance. The clock

frequency is controlled to within a ±11% tolerance.

Device Information(1)

PART NUMBER PACKAGE BODY SIZE (NOM)

LM2678 TO-263 (7) 10.10 mm × 8.89 mm

TO-220 (7) 14.986 mm × 10.16 mm

VSON (14) 6.00 mm × 5.00 mm

(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at

the end of the data sheet.

Typical Application

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Table of Contents

1 Features.................................................................. 1

2 Applications ........................................................... 1

3 Description............................................................. 1

4 Revision History..................................................... 2

5 Pin Configuration and Functions......................... 3

6 Specifications......................................................... 4

6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings ...................................... 4

6.2 ESD Ratings.............................................................. 4

6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions....................... 4

6.4 Thermal Information.................................................. 5

6.5 Electrical Characteristics – 3.3 V.............................. 5

6.6 Electrical Characteristics – 5 V................................. 5

6.7 Electrical Characteristics – 12 V............................... 6

6.8 Electrical Characteristics – Adjustable...................... 6

6.9 Electrical Characteristics – All Output Voltage

Versions..................................................................... 6

6.10 Typical Characteristics............................................ 7

7 Detailed Description............................................ 10

7.1 Overview................................................................. 10

7.2 Functional Block Diagram....................................... 10

7.3 Feature Description................................................. 10

7.4 Device Functional Modes........................................ 11

8 Application and Implementation ........................ 12

8.1 Application Information............................................ 12

8.2 Typical Application.................................................. 14

9 Power Supply Recommendations...................... 26

10 Layout................................................................... 26

10.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 26

10.2 Layout Example .................................................... 27

11 Device and Documentation Support................. 28

11.1 Custom Design With WEBENCH® Tools ............. 28

11.2 Related Documentation......................................... 28

11.3 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates 28

11.4 Community Resources.......................................... 28

11.5 Trademarks........................................................... 28

11.6 Electrostatic Discharge Caution............................ 28

11.7 Glossary................................................................ 28

12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable

Information........................................................... 29

12.1 VSON Package Devices....................................... 29

4 Revision History

NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.

Changes from Revision J (June 2016) to Revision K Page

• Deleted RADJ = 5.6 kΩ.......................................................................................................................................................... 6

• Deleted and updated with new values for Min, Typ and Max ............................................................................................... 6

• Deleted and updated with new values for Min and Max ....................................................................................................... 6

• Changed soft-start pin to ON/OFF pin.................................................................................................................................... 6

• Changed to 200 µA from 1.5 mA............................................................................................................................................ 6

• Changed typ and max values to 16 and 15 mA..................................................................................................................... 6

Changes from Revision I (April 2013) to Revision J Page

• Added ESD Ratings table, Feature Description section, Device Functional Modes,Application and Implementation

section, Power Supply Recommendations section, Layout section, Device and Documentation Support section, and

Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information section.................................................................................................. 1

• Removed all references to Computer Design Software LM267X Made Simple (Version 6.0).............................................. 1

Changes from Revision H (April 2013) to Revision I Page

• Changed layout of National Data Sheet to TI format ........................................................................................................... 29

Not to scale

DAP

1NC 14 Switch_output

2Input 13 Switch_output

3Input 12 Switch_output

4CB 11 NC

5NC 10 NC

6NC 9 GND

7FB 8 ON/OFF

Not to scale

1Switch_output

2Input

3CB

4GND

5NC

6FB

7ON/OFF

1 Switch_output

2 Input

3 CB

4 GND

5 NC

6 FB

7 ON/OFF

Not to scale

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5 Pin Configuration and Functions

KTW Package

7-Pin TO-263

Top View NDZ Package

7-Pin TO-220

Top View

NHM Package

14-Pin VSON

Top View

DAP connect to pin 9

Pin Functions

PIN I/O DESCRIPTION

NAME TO-263, TO-220 VSON

Switch output 1 12, 13, 14 O Source pin of the internal high-side FET. This is a switching node. Attached

this pin to an inductor and the cathode of the external diode.

Input 2 2, 3 I Supply input pin to collector pin of high-side FET. Connect to power supply

and input bypass capacitors CIN. Path from VIN pin to high frequency bypass

CIN and GND must be as short as possible.

CB 3 4 I Boot-strap capacitor connection for high-side driver. Connect a high-quality

100-nF capacitor from CB to VSW Pin.

GND 4 9 — Power ground pins. Connect to system ground. Ground pins of CIN and

COUT. Path to CIN must be as short as possible.

FB 6 7 I Feedback sense input pin. Connect to the midpoint of feedback divider to set

VOUT for ADJ version or connect this pin directly to the output capacitor for a

fixed output version.

ON/OFF 7 8 I Enable input to the voltage regulator. High = ON and low = OFF. Pull this pin

high or float to enable the regulator.

NC 5 1, 5, 6, 10, 11 — No connect pins.

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(1) Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings

only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended

Operating Conditions. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

(2) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the Texas Instruments Sales Office/Distributors for availability and

specifications.

(3) The absolute maximum specification of the Switch Voltage to Ground applies to DC voltage. An extended negative voltage limit of –10 V

applies to a pulse of up to 20 ns, –6 V of 60 ns and –3 V of up to 100 ns.

6 Specifications

6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)(1)(2)

MIN MAX UNIT

Input supply voltage 45 V

Soft-start pin voltage –0.1 6 V

Switch voltage to ground(3) –1 VIN V

Boost pin voltage VSW + 8 V

Feedback pin voltage –0.3 14 V

Power dissipation Internally limited

Soldering temperature Wave (4 s) 260 °CInfrared (10 s) 240

Vapor phase (75 s) 219

Storage temperature, Tstg –65 150 °C

(1) JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.

(2) ESD was applied using the human-body model, a 100-pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5-kΩresistor into each pin.

6.2 ESD Ratings VALUE UNIT

V(ESD) Electrostatic discharge Human-body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001(1)(2) ±2000 V

6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions MIN MAX UNIT

Supply voltage 8 40 V

Junction temperature, TJ–40 125 °C

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(1) For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics application

report.

(2) Junction to ambient thermal resistance (no external heat sink) for the 7-lead TO-220 package mounted vertically, with ½ inch leads in a

socket, or on a PCB with minimum copper area.

(3) Junction to ambient thermal resistance (no external heat sink) for the 7-lead TO-220 package mounted vertically, with ½ inch leads

soldered to a PCB containing approximately 4 square inches of (1 oz.) copper area surrounding the leads.

(4) Junction to ambient thermal resistance for the 7-lead DDPAK mounted horizontally against a PCB area of 0.136 square inches (the

same size as the DDPAK package) of 1 oz. (0.0014 in. thick) copper.

(5) Junction to ambient thermal resistance for the 7-lead DDPAK mounted horizontally against a PCB area of 0.4896 square inches (3.6

times the area of the DDPAK package) of 1 oz. (0.0014 in. thick) copper.

(6) Junction to ambient thermal resistance for the 7-lead DDPAK mounted horizontally against a PCB copper area of 1.0064 square inches

(7.4 times the area of the DDPAK 3 package) of 1 oz. (0.0014 in. thick) copper. Additional copper area reduces thermal resistance

further.

(7) Junction to ambient thermal resistance for the 14-lead VSON mounted on a PCB copper area equal to the die attach paddle.

(8) Junction to ambient thermal resistance for the 14-lead VSON mounted on a PCB copper area using 12 vias to a second layer of copper

equal to die attach paddle. Additional copper area will reduce thermal resistance further. For layout recommendations, see AN-1187

Leadless Leadfram Package (LLP).

6.4 Thermal Information

THERMAL METRIC(1) LM2678

UNITNDZ (TO-220) KTW (TO-263) NHM (VSON)

7 PINS 7 PINS 14 PINS

RθJA Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance

See (2) 65 — —

°C/W

See (3) 45 — —

See (4) — 56 —

See (5) — 35 —

See (6) — 26 —

See (7) — — 55

See (8) — — 29

RθJC(top) Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance 2 2 — °C/W

(1) All room temperature limits are 100% tested during production with TA= TJ= 25°C. All limits at temperature extremes are specified

through correlation using standard Quality Control (SQC) methods. All limits are used to calculate Average Outgoing Quality Level

(AOQL).

(2) Typical values are determined with TA= TJ= 25°C and represent the most likely norm.

6.5 Electrical Characteristics – 3.3 V

Specifications apply for TA= TJ= 25°C and RADJ = 5.6 kΩ(unless otherwise noted).

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN(1) TYP(2) MAX(1) UNIT

VOUT Output voltage VIN = 8 V to 40 V,

100 mA ≤IOUT ≤5 A TJ= 25°C 3.234 3.3 3.366 V

TJ= –40°C to 125°C 3.201 3.399

ηEfficiency VIN = 12 V, ILOAD = 5 A 82%

(1) All room temperature limits are 100% tested during production with TA= TJ= 25°C. All limits at temperature extremes are specified

through correlation using standard Quality Control (SQC) methods. All limits are used to calculate Average Outgoing Quality Level

(AOQL).

(2) Typical values are determined with TA= TJ= 25°C and represent the most likely norm.

6.6 Electrical Characteristics – 5 V

Specifications apply for TA= TJ= 25°C and RADJ = 5.6 kΩ(unless otherwise noted).

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN(1) TYP(2) MAX(1) UNIT

VOUT Output voltage VIN = 8 V to 40 V,

100 mA ≤IOUT ≤5 A TJ= 25°C 4.9 5 5.1 V

TJ= –40°C to 125°C 4.85 5.15

ηEfficiency VIN = 12 V, ILOAD = 5 A 84%

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(1) All room temperature limits are 100% tested during production with TA= TJ= 25°C. All limits at temperature extremes are specified

through correlation using standard Quality Control (SQC) methods. All limits are used to calculate Average Outgoing Quality Level

(AOQL).

(2) Typical values are determined with TA= TJ= 25°C and represent the most likely norm.

6.7 Electrical Characteristics – 12 V

Specifications apply for TA= TJ= 25°C and RADJ = 5.6 kΩ(unless otherwise noted).

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN(1) TYP(2) MAX(1) UNIT

VOUT Output voltage VIN = 15 V to 40 V,

100 mA ≤IOUT ≤5 A TJ= 25°C 11.76 12 12.24 V

TJ= –40°C to 125°C 11.64 12.36

ηEfficiency VIN = 24 V, ILOAD = 5 A 92%

(1) All room temperature limits are 100% tested during production with TA= TJ= 25°C. All limits at temperature extremes are specified

through correlation using standard Quality Control (SQC) methods. All limits are used to calculate Average Outgoing Quality Level

(AOQL).

(2) Typical values are determined with TA= TJ= 25°C and represent the most likely norm.

6.8 Electrical Characteristics – Adjustable

Specifications apply for TA= TJ= 25°C and RADJ = 5.6 kΩ(unless otherwise noted).

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN(1) TYP(2) MAX(1) UNIT

VFB Feedback voltage VIN = 8 V to 40 V,

100 mA ≤IOUT ≤5 A

VOUT programmed for 5 V

TJ= 25°C 1.186 1.21 1.234 V

TJ= –40°C to 125°C 1.174 1.246

ηEfficiency VIN = 12 V, ILOAD = 5 A 84%

6.9 Electrical Characteristics – All Output Voltage Versions

Specifications are for TA= TJ= 25°C, VIN = 12 V for the 3.3-V, 5-V, and adjustable versions, and VIN = 24 V for the 12-V

version (unless otherwise noted).

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT

IQQuiescent current VFEEDBACK = 8 V for 3.3-V, 5-V, and adjustable versions,

VFEEDBACK = 15 V for 12-V version 4.2 6 mA

ISTBY Standby quiescent current ON/OFF pin = 0 V TJ= 25°C 50 100 µA

TJ= –40°C to 125°C 150

ICL Current limit TJ= 25°C 6.1 7 8.3 A

TJ= –40°C to 125°C 5.75 8.75

ILOutput leakage current VIN = 40 V, ON/OFF pin = 0 V VSWITCH = 0 V 200 µA

VSWITCH = –1 V 16 15 mA

RDS(ON) Switch ON-Resistance ISWITCH = 5 A TJ= 25°C 0.12 0.14 Ω

TJ= –40°C to 125°C 0.225

fOOscillator frequency Measured at switch pin TJ= 25°C 260 kHz

TJ= –40°C to 125°C 225 280

D Duty cycle Maximum duty cycle 91%

Minimum duty cycle 0%

IBIAS Feedback bias

current VFEEDBACK = 1.3 V (adjustable version only) 85 nA

VON/OFF ON/OFF threshold voltage TJ= 25°C 1.4 V

TJ= –40°C to 125°C 0.8 2

ION/OFF ON/OFF input current ON/OFF input = 0 V TJ= 25°C 20 μA

TJ= –40°C to 125°C 45

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6.10 Typical Characteristics

Figure 1. Normalized Output Voltage Figure 2. Line Regulation

Figure 3. Efficiency vs Input Voltage Figure 4. Efficiency vs ILOAD

Figure 5. Switch Current Limit Figure 6. Operating Quiescent Current

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Typical Characteristics (continued)

Figure 7. Standby Quiescent Current Figure 8. ON/OFF Threshold Voltage

Figure 9. ON/OFF Pin Current (Sourcing) Figure 10. Switching Frequency

Figure 11. Feedback Pin Bias Current

Continuous Mode Switching Waveforms, VIN = 20 V, VOUT = 5 V,

ILOAD = 5 A, L = 10 μH, COUT = 400 μF, COUTESR = 13 mΩ

A. VSW pin voltage = 10 V/div

B. Inductor current = 2 A/div

C. Output ripple voltage = 20 mV/div AC-coupled

Figure 12. Horizontal Time Base: 1 μs/div

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Typical Characteristics (continued)

Discontinuous Mode Switching Waveforms, VIN = 20 V,

VOUT = 5 V, ILOAD = 500 mA, L = 10 μH, COUT = 400 μF,

COUTESR = 13 mΩ

A. VSW pin voltage = 10 V/div

B. Inductor current = 1 A/div

C. Output ripple voltage = 20 mV/div AC-coupled

Figure 13. Horizontal Time Base: 1 μs/div

Load Transient Response for Continuous Mode, VIN = 20 V,

VOUT = 5 V, L = 10 μH, COUT = 400 μF,

COUTESR = 13 mΩ

A. Output voltage = 100 mV/div, AC-coupled

B. Load current = 500-mA to 5-A load pulse

Figure 14. Horizontal Time Base: 100 μs/div

Load Transient Response for Discontinuous Mode, VIN = 20 V, VOUT = 5 V, vs L = 10 μH, COUT = 400 μF, COUTESR = 13 mΩ

A. Output voltage = 100 mV/div, AC-coupled

B. Load current = 200-mA to 3-A load pulse

Figure 15. Horizontal Time Base: 200 μs/div

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7 Detailed Description

7.1 Overview

The LM2678 provides all of the active functions required for a step-down (buck) switching regulator. The internal

power switch is a DMOS power MOSFET to provide power supply designs with high current capability, up to 5 A,

and highly efficient operation.

The LM2678 is part of the SIMPLE SWITCHER®family of power converters. The design support WEBENCH,

can also be used to provide instant component selection, circuit performance calculations for evaluation, a bill of

materials component list and a circuit schematic for LM2678.

7.2 Functional Block Diagram

7.3 Feature Description

7.3.1 Switch Output

This is the output of a power MOSFET switch connected directly to the input voltage. The switch provides energy

to an inductor, an output capacitor and the load circuitry under control of an internal pulse-width-modulator

(PWM). The PWM controller is internally clocked by a fixed 260-kHz oscillator. In a standard step-down

application the duty cycle (Time ON/Time OFF) of the power switch is proportional to the ratio of the power

supply output voltage to the input voltage. The voltage on pin 1 switches between Vin (switch ON) and below

ground by the voltage drop of the external Schottky diode (switch OFF).

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Feature Description (continued)

7.3.2 Input

The input voltage for the power supply is connected to pin 2. In addition to providing energy to the load the input

voltage also provides bias for the internal circuitry of the LM2678. For ensured performance the input voltage

must be in the range of 8 V to 40 V. For best performance of the power supply the input pin must always be

bypassed with an input capacitor located close to pin 2.

7.3.3 C Boost

A capacitor must be connected from pin 3 to the switch output, pin 1. This capacitor boosts the gate drive to the

internal MOSFET above VIN to fully turn it ON. This minimizes conduction losses in the power switch to maintain

high efficiency. The recommended value for C Boost is 0.01 μF.

7.3.4 Ground

This is the ground reference connection for all components in the power supply. In fast-switching, high-current

applications such as those implemented with the LM2678, TI recommends that a broad ground plane be used to

minimize signal coupling throughout the circuit.

7.3.5 Feedback

This is the input to a two-stage high gain amplifier, which drives the PWM controller. It is necessary to connect

pin 6 to the actual output of the power supply to set the DC output voltage. For the fixed output devices (3.3-V, 5-

V and 12-V outputs), a direct wire connection to the output is all that is required as internal gain setting resistors

are provided inside the LM2678. For the adjustable output version two external resistors are required to set the

DC output voltage. For stable operation of the power supply it is important to prevent coupling of any inductor

flux to the feedback input.

7.3.6 ON/OFF

This input provides an electrical ON/OFF control of the power supply. Connecting this pin to ground or to any

voltage less than 0.8 V is completely turn OFF the regulator. The current drain from the input supply when OFF

is only 50 μA. Pin 7 has an internal pullup current source of approximately 20 μA and a protection clamp Zener

diode of 7 V to ground. When electrically driving the ON/OFF pin the high voltage level for the ON condition

should not exceed the 6 V absolute maximum limit. When ON/OFF control is not required pin 7 should be left

open circuited.

7.4 Device Functional Modes

7.4.1 Shutdown Mode

The ON/OFF pin provides electrical ON and OFF control for the LM2678. When the voltage of this pin is lower

than 1.4 V, the device enters shutdown mode. The typical standby current in this mode is 45 μA.

7.4.2 Active Mode

When the voltage of the ON/OFF pin is higher than 1.4 V, the device starts switching and the output voltage rises

until it reaches a normal regulation voltage.

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8 Application and Implementation

NOTE

Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component

specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are

responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should

validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.

8.1 Application Information

8.1.1 Design Considerations

Power supply design using the LM2678 is greatly simplified by using recommended external components. A wide

range of inductors, capacitors, and Schottky diodes from several manufacturers have been evaluated for use in

designs that cover the full range of capabilities (input voltage, output voltage, and load current) of the LM2678. A

simple design procedure using nomographs and component tables provided in this data sheet leads to a working

design with very little effort.

The individual components from the various manufacturers called out for use are still just a small sample of the

vast array of components available in the industry. While these components are recommended, they are not

exclusively the only components for use in a design. After a close comparison of component specifications,

equivalent devices from other manufacturers could be substituted for use in an application.

Important considerations for each external component and an explanation of how the nomographs and selection

tables were developed follows.

8.1.2 Inductor

The inductor is the key component in a switching regulator. For efficiency the inductor stores energy during the

switch ON time and then transfers energy to the load while the switch is OFF.

Nomographs are used to select the inductance value required for a given set of operating conditions. The

nomographs assume that the circuit is operating in continuous mode (the current flowing through the inductor

never falls to zero). The magnitude of inductance is selected to maintain a maximum ripple current of 30% of the

maximum load current. If the ripple current exceeds this 30% limit the next larger value is selected.

The inductors offered have been specifically manufactured to provide proper operation under all operating

conditions of input and output voltage and load current. Several part types are offered for a given amount of

inductance. Both surface mount and through-hole devices are available. The inductors from each of the three

manufacturers have unique characteristics.

• Renco: ferrite stick core inductors; benefits are typically lowest cost and can withstand ripple and transient

peak currents above the rated value. These inductors have an external magnetic field, which may generate

EMI.

• Pulse Engineering: powdered iron toroid core inductors; these also can withstand higher than rated currents

and, being toroid inductors, have low EMI.

• Coilcraft: ferrite drum core inductors; these are the smallest physical size inductors and are available only as

surface mount components. These inductors also generate EMI but less than stick inductors.

8.1.3 Output Capacitor

The output capacitor acts to smooth the DC output voltage and also provides energy storage. Selection of an

output capacitor, with an associated equivalent series resistance (ESR), impacts both the amount of output ripple

voltage and stability of the control loop.

The output ripple voltage of the power supply is the product of the capacitor ESR and the inductor ripple current.

The capacitor types recommended in the tables were selected for having low ESR ratings.

In addition, both surface mount tantalum capacitors and through-hole aluminum electrolytic capacitors are offered

as solutions.

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Application Information (continued)

Impacting frequency stability of the overall control loop, the output capacitance, in conjunction with the inductor,

creates a double pole inside the feedback loop. In addition the capacitance and the ESR value create a zero.

These frequency response effects together with the internal frequency compensation circuitry of the LM2678

modify the gain and phase shift of the closed-loop system.

As a general rule for stable switching regulator circuits it is desired to have the unity gain bandwidth of the circuit

to be limited to no more than one-sixth of the controller switching frequency. With the fixed 260-kHz switching

frequency of the LM2678, the output capacitor is selected to provide a unity gain bandwidth of 40 kHz maximum.

Each recommended capacitor value has been chosen to achieve this result.

In some cases multiple capacitors are required either to reduce the ESR of the output capacitor, to minimize

output ripple (a ripple voltage of 1% of VOUT or less is the assumed performance condition), or to increase the

output capacitance to reduce the closed loop unity gain bandwidth (to less than 40 kHz). When parallel

combinations of capacitors are required it has been assumed that each capacitor is the exact same part type.

The RMS current and working voltage (WV) ratings of the output capacitor are also important considerations. In a

typical step-down switching regulator, the inductor ripple current (set to be no more than 30% of the maximum

load current by the inductor selection) is the current that flows through the output capacitor. The capacitor RMS

current rating must be greater than this ripple current. The voltage rating of the output capacitor should be

greater than 1.3 times the maximum output voltage of the power supply. If operation of the system at elevated

temperatures is required, the capacitor voltage rating may be de-rated to less than the nominal room temperature

rating. Careful inspection of the manufacturer's specification for de-rating of working voltage with temperature is

important.

8.1.4 Input Capacitor

Fast changing currents in high current switching regulators place a significant dynamic load on the unregulated

power source. An input capacitor helps to provide additional current to the power supply as well as smooth out

input voltage variations.

Like the output capacitor, the key specifications for the input capacitor are RMS current rating and working

voltage. The RMS current flowing through the input capacitor is equal to one-half of the maximum DC load

current so the capacitor should be rated to handle this. Paralleling multiple capacitors proportionally increases

the current rating of the total capacitance. The voltage rating should also be selected to be 1.3 times the

maximum input voltage. Depending on the unregulated input power source, under light load conditions the

maximum input voltage could be significantly higher than normal operation and should be considered when

selecting an input capacitor.

The input capacitor must be placed very close to the input pin of the LM2678. Due to relative high current

operation with fast transient changes, the series inductance of input connecting wires or PCB traces can create

ringing signals at the input terminal which could possibly propagate to the output or other parts of the circuitry. It

may be necessary in some designs to add a small valued (0.1 μF to 0.47 μF) ceramic type capacitor in parallel

with the input capacitor to prevent or minimize any ringing.

8.1.5 Catch Diode

When the power switch in the LM2678 turns OFF, the current through the inductor continues to flow. The path for

this current is through the diode connected between the switch output and ground. This forward biased diode

clamps the switch output to a voltage less than ground. This negative voltage must be greater than −1 V so a low

voltage drop (particularly at high current levels) Schottky diode is recommended. Total efficiency of the entire

power supply is significantly impacted by the power lost in the output catch diode. The average current through

the catch diode is dependent on the switch duty cycle (D) and is equal to the load current times (1-D). Use of a

diode rated for much higher current than is required by the actual application helps to minimize the voltage drop

and power loss in the diode.

During the switch ON time the diode will be reversed biased by the input voltage. The reverse voltage rating of

the diode must be at least 1.3 times greater than the maximum input voltage.

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Application Information (continued)

8.1.6 Boost Capacitor

The boost capacitor creates a voltage used to overdrive the gate of the internal power MOSFET. This improves

efficiency by minimizing the ON-resistance of the switch and associated power loss. For all applications it is

recommended to use a 0.01-μF, 50-V ceramic capacitor.

8.1.7 Additional Application Information

When the output voltage is greater than approximately 6 V, and the duty cycle at minimum input voltage is

greater than approximately 50%, the designer should exercise caution in selection of the output filter

components. When an application designed to these specific operating conditions is subjected to a current limit

fault condition, it may be possible to observe a large hysteresis in the current limit. This can affect the output

voltage of the device until the load current is reduced sufficiently to allow the current limit protection circuit to

reset itself.

Under current limiting conditions, the LM267x is designed to respond in the following manner:

1. At the moment when the inductor current reaches the current limit threshold, the ON-pulse is immediately

terminated. This happens for any application condition.

2. However, the current limit block is also designed to momentarily reduce the duty cycle to below 50% to avoid

subharmonic oscillations, which could cause the inductor to saturate.

3. Thereafter, once the inductor current falls below the current limit threshold, there is a small relaxation time

during which the duty cycle progressively rises back above 50% to the value required to achieve regulation.

If the output capacitance is sufficiently large, it may be possible that as the output tries to recover, the output

capacitor charging current is large enough to repeatedly re-trigger the current limit circuit before the output has

fully settled. This condition is exacerbated with higher output voltage settings because the energy requirement of

the output capacitor varies as the square of the output voltage (½ CV2), thus requiring an increased charging

current.

A simple test to determine if this condition might exist for a suspect application is to apply a short circuit across

the output of the converter, and then remove the shorted output condition. In an application with properly

selected external components, the output will recover smoothly.

Practical values of external components that have been experimentally found to work well under these specific

operating conditions are COUT = 47 µF, L = 22 µH. It should be noted that even with these components, for a

device’s current limit of ICLIM, the maximum load current under which the possibility of the large current limit

hysteresis can be minimized is ICLIM/2. For example, if the input is 24 V and the set output voltage is 18 V, then

for a desired maximum current of 1.5 A, the current limit of the chosen switcher must be confirmed to be at least

3 A.

Under extreme overcurrent or short circuit conditions, the LM267X employs frequency foldback in addition to the

current limit. If the cycle-by-cycle inductor current increases above the current limit threshold (due to short circuit

or inductor saturation for example) the switching frequency is automatically reduced to protect the IC. Frequency

below 100 kHz is typical for an extreme short-circuit condition.

8.2 Typical Application

8.2.1 All Output Voltage Versions

Figure 16. Typical Application for All Output Voltage Versions

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Typical Application (continued)

8.2.1.1 Design Requirements

Select the power supply operating conditions and the maximum output current and follow below procedures to

find the external components for LM2678.

8.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure

8.2.1.2.1 Custom Design With WEBENCH® Tools

Click here to create a custom design using the LM2678 device with the WEBENCH® Power Designer.

1. Start by entering the input voltage (VIN), output voltage (VOUT), and output current (IOUT) requirements.

2. Optimize the design for key parameters such as efficiency, footprint, and cost using the optimizer dial.

3. Compare the generated design with other possible solutions from Texas Instruments.

The WEBENCH Power Designer provides a customized schematic along with a list of materials with real-time

pricing and component availability.

In most cases, these actions are available:

• Run electrical simulations to see important waveforms and circuit performance

• Run thermal simulations to understand board thermal performance

• Export customized schematic and layout into popular CAD formats

• Print PDF reports for the design, and share the design with colleagues

Get more information about WEBENCH tools at www.ti.com/WEBENCH.

Using the nomographs and tables in this data sheet (or use the available design software at www.ti.com) a

complete step-down regulator can be designed in a few simple steps.

Step 1: Define the power supply operating conditions:

• Required output voltage

• Maximum DC input voltage

• Maximum output load current

Step 2: Set the output voltage by selecting a fixed output LM2678 (3.3-V, 5-V, or 12-V applications) or determine

the required feedback resistors for use with the adjustable LM2678−ADJ

Step 3: Determine the inductor required by using one of the four nomographs, Figure 17 through Figure 20.

Table 3 provides a specific manufacturer and part number for the inductor.

Step 4: Using Table 5 (fixed output voltage) or Table 9 (adjustable output voltage), determine the output

capacitance required for stable operation. Table 1 provides the specific capacitor type from the manufacturer of

choice.

Step 5: Determine an input capacitor from Table 5 for fixed output voltage applications. Use Table 1 to find the

specific capacitor type. For adjustable output circuits select a capacitor from Table 1 with a sufficient working

voltage (WV) rating greater than VIN max, and an RMS current rating greater than one-half the maximum load

current (2 or more capacitors in parallel may be required).

Step 6: Select a diode from Table 4. The current rating of the diode must be greater than ILOAD max and the

reverse voltage rating must be greater than VIN maximum.

Step 7: Include a 0.01-μF, 50-V capacitor for CBOOST in the design.

8.2.1.2.2 Capacitor Selection Guides

Table 1. Input and Output Capacitor Codes – Surface Mount

CAPACITOR

REFERENCE

CODE

SURFACE MOUNT

AVX TPS SERIES SPRAGUE 594D SERIES KEMET T495 SERIES

C (µF) WV (V) Irms (A) C (µF) WV (V) Irms (A) C (µF) WV (V) Irms (A)

C1 330 6.3 1.15 120 6.3 1.1 100 6.3 0.82

C2 100 10 1.1 220 6.3 1.4 220 6.3 1.1

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Typical Application (continued)

Table 1. Input and Output Capacitor Codes – Surface Mount (continued)

CAPACITOR

REFERENCE

CODE

SURFACE MOUNT

AVX TPS SERIES SPRAGUE 594D SERIES KEMET T495 SERIES

C (µF) WV (V) Irms (A) C (µF) WV (V) Irms (A) C (µF) WV (V) Irms (A)

C3 220 10 1.15 68 10 1.05 330 6.3 1.1

C4 47 16 0.89 150 10 1.35 100 10 1.1

C5 100 16 1.15 47 16 1 150 10 1.1

C6 33 20 0.77 100 16 1.3 220 10 1.1

C7 68 20 0.94 180 16 1.95 33 20 0.78

C8 22 25 0.77 47 20 1.15 47 20 0.94

C9 10 35 0.63 33 25 1.05 68 20 0.94

C10 22 35 0.66 68 25 1.6 10 35 0.63

C11 — — — 15 35 0.75 22 35 0.63

C12 — — — 33 35 1 4.7 50 0.66

C13 — — — 15 50 0.9 — — —

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Table 2. Input and Output Capacitor Codes – Through Hole

CAPACITOR

REFERENCE

CODE

THROUGH HOLE

SANYO OS-CON SA SERIES SANYO MV-GX SERIES NICHICON PL SERIES PANASONIC HFQ SERIES

C (µF) WV (V) Irms (A) C (µF) WV (V) Irms (A) C (µF) WV (V) Irms (A) C (µF) WV (V) Irms (A)

C1 47 6.3 1 1000 6.3 0.8 680 10 0.8 82 35 0.4

C2 150 6.3 1.95 270 16 0.6 820 10 0.98 120 35 0.44

C3 330 6.3 2.45 470 16 0.75 1000 10 1.06 220 35 0.76

C4 100 10 1.87 560 16 0.95 1200 10 1.28 330 35 1.01

C5 220 10 2.36 820 16 1.25 2200 10 1.71 560 35 1.4

C6 33 16 0.96 1000 16 1.3 3300 10 2.18 820 35 1.62

C7 100 16 1.92 150 35 0.65 3900 10 2.36 1000 35 1.73

C8 150 16 2.28 470 35 1.3 6800 10 2.68 2200 35 2.8

C9 100 20 2.25 680 35 1.4 180 16 0.41 56 50 0.36

C10 47 25 2.09 1000 35 1.7 270 16 0.55 100 50 0.5

C11 — — — 220 63 0.76 470 16 0.77 220 50 0.92

C12 — — — 470 63 1.2 680 16 1.02 470 50 1.44

C13 — — — 680 63 1.5 820 16 1.22 560 50 1.68

C14 — — — 1000 63 1.75 1800 16 1.88 1200 50 2.22

C15 — — — — — — 220 25 0.63 330 63 1.42

C16 — — — — — — 220 35 0.79 1500 63 2.51

C17 — — — — — — 560 35 1.43 — — —

C18 — — — — — — 2200 35 2.68 — — —

C19 — — — — — — 150 50 0.82 — — —

C20 — — — — — — 220 50 1.04 — — —

C21 — — — — — — 330 50 1.3 — — —

C22 — — — — — — 100 63 0.75 — — —

C23 — — — — — — 390 63 1.62 — — —

C24 — — — — — — 820 63 2.22 — — —

C25 — — — — — — 1200 63 2.51 — — —

Table 3. Inductor Manufacturer Part Numbers

INDUCTOR

REFERENCE

NUMBER

INDUCTANCE

(µH) CURRENT

(A)

RENCO PULSE ENGINEERING COILCRAFT

THROUGH HOLE SURFACE

MOUNT THROUGH HOLE SURFACE

MOUNT SURFACE MOUNT

L23 33 1.35 RL-5471-7 RL1500-33 PE-53823 PE-53823S DO3316-333

L24 22 1.65 RL-1283-22-43 RL1500-22 PE-53824 PE-53824S DO3316-223

L25 15 2 RL-1283-15-43 RL1500-15 PE-53825 PE-53825S DO3316-153

L29 100 1.41 RL-5471-4 RL-6050-100 PE-53829 PE-53829S DO5022P-104

L30 68 1.71 RL-5471-5 RL6050-68 PE-53830 PE-53830S DO5022P-683

L31 47 2.06 RL-5471-6 RL6050-47 PE-53831 PE-53831S DO5022P-473

L32 33 2.46 RL-5471-7 RL6050-33 PE-53932 PE-53932S DO5022P-333

L33 22 3.02 RL-1283-22-43 RL6050-22 PE-53933 PE-53933S DO5022P-223

L34 15 3.65 RL-1283-15-43 — PE-53934 PE-53934S DO5022P-153

L38 68 2.97 RL-5472-2 — PE-54038 PE-54038S —

L39 47 3.57 RL-5472-3 — PE-54039 PE-54039S —

L40 33 4.26 RL-1283-33-43 — PE-54040 PE-54040S —

L41 22 5.22 RL-1283-22-43 — PE-54041 P0841 —

L44 68 3.45 RL-5473-3 — PE-54044 — —

L45 10 4.47 RL-1283-10-43 — — P0845 DO5022P-103HC

L46 15 5.6 RL-1283-15-43 — — P0846 DO5022P-153HC

L47 10 5.66 RL-1283-10-43 — — P0847 DO5022P-103HC

L48 47 5.61 RL-1282-47-43 — — P0848 —

L49 33 5.61 RL-1282-33-43 — — P0849 —

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Table 4. Schottky Diode Selection Table

REVERSE VOLTAGE (V) SURFACE MOUNT THROUGH HOLE

3 A 5 A OR MORE 3 A 5 A OR MORE

20 SK32 — 1N5820 —

SR302

30 SK33 MBRD835L 1N5821 —

30WQ03F 31DQ03

SK34 MBRD1545CT 1N5822 1N5825

30BQ040 6TQ045S MBR340 MBR745

30WQ04F — 31DQ04 80SQ045

MBRS340 — SR403 6TQ045

MBRD340 — — —

50 or more SK35 — MBR350 —

30WQ05F — 31DQ05 —

— — SR305 —

8.2.1.3 Application Curves

For continuous mode operation

Figure 17. LM2678-3.3 Figure 18. LM2678-5

Figure 19. LM2678-12 Figure 20. LM2678-Adjustable

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8.2.2 Fixed Output Voltage Design Example

Figure 21. Basic Circuit for Fixed Output Voltage Applications

8.2.2.1 Detailed Design Procedure

A system logic power supply bus of 3.3 V is to be generated from a wall adapter which provides an unregulated

DC voltage of 13 V to 16 V. The maximum load current is 4 A. Through-hole components are preferred.

Step 1: Operating conditions are:

• VOUT = 3.3 V

• VIN max = 16 V

• ILOAD max = 4 A

Step 2: Select a LM2678 3.3-V. The output voltage has a tolerance of ±2% at room temperature and ±3% over

the full operating temperature range.

Step 3: Use the nomograph for the 3.3-V device, Figure 17. The intersection of the 16-V horizontal line (Vin max)

and the 4-A vertical line (Iload max) indicates that L46, a 15-μH inductor, is required.

From Table 3, L46 in a through-hole component is available from Renco with part number RL-1283-15-43.

Step 4: Use Table 5 to determine an output capacitor. With a 3.3-V output and a 15-μH inductor there are four

through-hole output capacitor solutions with the number of same type capacitors to be paralleled and an

identifying capacitor code given. Table 1 provides the actual capacitor characteristics. Any of the following

choices work in the circuit:

• 2 × 220-μF, 10-V Sanyo OS-CON (code C5)

• 2 × 820-μF, 16-V Sanyo MV-GX (code C5)

• 1 × 3900-μF, 10-V Nichicon PL (code C7)

• 2 × 560-μF, 35-V Panasonic HFQ (code C5)

Step 5: Use Table 5 to select an input capacitor. With 3.3-V output and 15 μH there are three through-hole

solutions. These capacitors provide a sufficient voltage rating and an RMS current rating greater than 2 A (1/2

Iload max). Again using Table 1 for specific component characteristics the following choices are suitable:

• 2 × 680-μF, 63-V Sanyo MV-GX (code C13)

• 1 × 1200-μF, 63-V Nichicon PL (code C25)

• 1 × 1500-μF, 63-V Panasonic HFQ (code C16)

Step 6: From Table 4 a 5-A or more Schottky diode must be selected. For through-hole components only 40-V

rated diodes are indicated and 4 part types are suitable:

• 1N5825

• MBR745

• 80SQ045

• 6TQ045

Step 7: A 0.01-μF capacitor is used for CBOOST.

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(1) No. represents the number of identical capacitor types to be connected in parallel.

(2) C Code indicates the Capacitor Reference number in Table 1 and Table 2 for identifying the specific component from the manufacturer.

8.2.2.1.1 Capacitor Selection

Table 5. Output Capacitors for Fixed Output Voltage Application—Surface Mount(1)(2)

OUTPUT

VOLTAGE (V) INDUCTANCE

(µH)

SURFACE MOUNT

AVX TPS SERIES SPRAGUE 594D SERIES KEMET T495 SERIES

NO. C CODE NO. C CODE NO. C CODE

3.3

10 5 C1 5 C1 5 C2

15 4 C1 4 C1 4 C3

22 3 C2 2 C7 3 C4

33 1 C1 2 C7 3 C4

10 4 C2 4 C6 4 C4

15 3 C3 2 C7 3 C5

22 3 C2 2 C7 3 C4

33 2 C2 2 C3 2 C4

47 2 C2 1 C7 2 C4

10 4 C5 3 C6 5 C9

15 3 C5 2 C7 4 C9

22 2 C5 2 C6 3 C8

33 2 C5 1 C7 3 C8

47 2 C4 1 C6 2 C8

68 1 C5 1 C5 2 C7

100 1 C4 1 C5 1 C8

(1) No. represents the number of identical capacitor types to be connected in parallel.

(2) C Code indicates the Capacitor Reference number in Table 1 and Table 2 for identifying the specific component from the manufacturer.

Table 6. Output Capacitors for Fixed Output Voltage Application—Through Hole(1)(2)

OUTPUT

VOLTAGE

(V)

INDUCTAN

CE (µH)

THROUGH HOLE

SANYO OS-CON SA

SERIES SANYO MV-GX SERIES NICHICON PL SERIES PANASONIC HFQ

SERIES

NO. C CODE NO. C CODE NO. C CODE NO. C CODE

3.3

10 2 C5 2 C6 1 C8 2 C6

15 2 C5 2 C5 1 C7 2 C5

22 1 C5 1 C10 1 C5 1 C7

33 1 C5 1 C10 1 C5 1 C7

10 2 C4 2 C5 1 C6 2 C5

15 1 C5 1 C10 1 C5 1 C7

22 1 C5 1 C9 1 C5 1 C5

33 1 C4 1 C5 1 C4 1 C4

47 1 C4 1 C4 1 C2 2 C4

10 2 C7 1 C10 1 C14 2 C4

15 1 C8 1 C6 1 C17 1 C5

22 1 C7 1 C5 1 C13 1 C5

33 1 C7 1 C4 1 C12 1 C4

47 1 C7 1 C3 1 C11 1 C3

68 1 C6 1 C2 1 C10 1 C3

100 1 C6 1 C2 1 C9 1 C1

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(1) No. represents the number of identical capacitor types to be connected in parallel.

(2) C Code indicates the Capacitor Reference number in Table 1 and Table 2 for identifying the specific component from the manufacturer.

(3) Assumes worst case maximum input voltage and load current for a given inductance value.

(4) Check voltage rating of capacitors to be greater than application input voltage.

Table 7. Input Capacitors for Fixed Output Voltage Application—Surface Mount(1)(2) (3)

OUTPUT

VOLTAGE (V) INDUCTANCE

(µH)

SURFACE MOUNT

AVX TPS SERIES SPRAGUE 594D SERIES KEMET T495 SERIES

NO. C CODE NO. C CODE NO. C CODE

3.3

10 3 C7 2 C10 3 C9

15 See(4) See(4) 3 C13 4 C12

22 See(4) See(4) 2 C13 3 C12

33 See(4) See(4) 2 C13 3 C12

10 3 C4 2 C6 3 C9

15 4 C9 3 C12 4 C10

22 See(4) See(4) 3 C13 4 C12

33 See(4) See(4) 2 C13 3 C12

47 See(4) See(4) 1 C13 2 C12

10 4 C9 2 C10 4 C10

15 4 C8 2 C10 4 C10

22 4 C9 3 C12 4 C10

33 See(4) See(4) 3 C13 4 C12

47 See(4) See(4) 2 C13 3 C12

68 See(4) See(4) 2 C13 2 C12

100 See(4) See(4) 1 C13 2 C12

(1) No. represents the number of identical capacitor types to be connected in parallel.

(2) C Code indicates the Capacitor Reference number in Table 1 and Table 2 for identifying the specific component from the manufacturer.

(3) Assumes worst case maximum input voltage and load current for a given inductance value.

(4) Check voltage rating of capacitors to be greater than application input voltage.

Table 8. Input Capacitors for Fixed Output Voltage Application—Through Hole(1)(2) (3)

OUTPUT

VOLTAGE

(V)

INDUCTAN

CE (µH)

THROUGH HOLE

SANYO OS-CON SA

SERIES SANYO MV-GX SERIES NICHICON PL SERIES PANASONIC HFQ

SERIES

NO. C CODE NO. C CODE NO. C CODE NO. C CODE

3.3

10 2 C9 2 C8 1 C18 1 C8

15 See(4) See(4) 2 C13 1 C25 1 C16

22 See(4) See(4) 1 C14 1 C24 1 C16

33 See(4) See(4) 1 C14 1 C24 1 C16

10 2 C7 2 C8 1 C25 1 C8

15 See(4) See(4) 2 C8 1 C25 1 C8

22 See(4) See(4) 2 C13 1 C25 1 C16

33 See(4) See(4) 1 C14 1 C23 1 C13

47 See(4) See(4) 1 C12 1 C19 1 C11

10 2 C10 2 C8 1 C18 1 C8

15 2 C10 2 C8 1 C18 1 C8

22 See(4) See(4) 2 C8 1 C18 1 C8

33 See(4) See(4) 2 C12 1 C24 1 C14

47 See(4) See(4) 1 C14 1 C23 1 C13

68 See(4) See(4) 1 C13 1 C21 1 C15

100 See(4) See(4) 1 C11 1 C22 1 C11

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8.2.3 Adjustable Output Design Example

Figure 22. Basic Circuit for Adjustable Output Voltage Applications

8.2.3.1 Detailed Design Procedure

In this example it is desired to convert the voltage from a two battery automotive power supply (voltage range of

20 V to 28 V, typical in large truck applications) to the 14.8-VDC alternator supply typically used to power

electronic equipment from single battery 12-V vehicle systems. The load current required is 3.5 A maximum. It is

also desired to implement the power supply with all surface mount components.

Step 1: Operating conditions are:

• VOUT = 14.8 V

• VIN max = 28 V

• ILOAD max = 3.5 A

Step 2: Select an LM2678S-ADJ. To set the output voltage to 14.9-V two resistors need to be chosen (R1 and

R2 in Figure 22). For the adjustable device the output voltage is set by Equation 1.

where

• VFB is the feedback voltage of typically 1.21 V (1)

A recommended value to use for R1 is 1k. In this example then R2 is determined with Equation 2.

where

• R2 = 11.23 kΩ(2)

The closest standard 1% tolerance value to use is 11.3 kΩ.

This sets the nominal output voltage to 14.88 V which is within 0.5% of the target value.

Step 3: To use the nomograph for the adjustable device, Figure 20, requires a calculation of the inductor Volt •

microsecond constant (E • T expressed in V • μS) from Equation 3.

where

• VSAT is the voltage drop across the internal power switch which is Rds(ON) times Iload (3)

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(1) No. represents the number of identical capacitor types to be connected in parallel.

(2) C Code indicates the Capacitor Reference number in Table 1 and Table 2 for identifying the specific component from the manufacturer.

(3) Set to a higher value for a practical design solution.

In this example this would be typically 0.12 Ω× 3.5 A or 0.42 V and VDis the voltage drop across the forward

biased Schottky diode, typically 0.5 V. The switching frequency of 260 kHz is the nominal value to use to

estimate the ON time of the switch during which energy is stored in the inductor.

For this example, E • T is found with Equation 4 and Equation 5.

(4)

(5)

Using Figure 20, the intersection of 27 V • μS horizontally and the 3.5 A vertical line (ILOAD max) indicates that

L48 , a 47-μH inductor, or L49, a 33-μH inductor could be used. Either inductor will be suitable, but for this

example selecting the larger inductance results in lower ripple current.

From Table 3, L48 in a surface mount component is available from Pulse Engineering with part number P0848.

Step 4: Use Table 9 to determine an output capacitor. With a 14.8-V output the 12.5 to 15 V row is used and with

a 47-μH inductor there are three surface mount output capacitor solutions. Table 1 provides the actual capacitor

characteristics based on the C Code number. Any of the following choices can be used:

• 1 × 33-μF, 20-V AVX TPS (code C6)

• 1 × 47-μF, 20-V Sprague 594 (code C8)

• 1 × 47-μF, 20-V Kemet T495 (code C8)

NOTE

When using the adjustable device in low voltage applications (less than 3-V output), if the

nomograph Figure 20 selects an inductance of 22 μH or less Table 9 and Table 10 do not

provide an output capacitor solution. With these conditions the number of output

capacitors required for stable operation becomes impractical. TI recommends using either

a 33-μH or 47-μH inductor and the output capacitors from Table 9 and Table 10.

Step 5: An input capacitor for this example requires at least a 35-V WV rating with an RMS current rating of

1.75 A (1/2 IOUT max). Table 1 shows that C12, a 33-μF, 35-V capacitor from Sprague, has the highest voltage

and current rating of the surface mount components and that two of these capacitor in parallel are adequate.

Step 6: From Table 4 a 5-A or more Schottky diode must be selected. For surface mount diodes with a margin of

safety on the voltage rating one of two diodes can be used:

• MBRD1545CT

• 6TQ045S

Step 7: A 0.01-μF capacitor is used for CBOOST.

8.2.3.1.1 Capacitor Selection

Table 9. Output Capacitors for Adjustable Output Voltage Applications—Surface Mount(1)(2)

OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) INDUCTANCE (µH)

SURFACE MOUNT

AVX TPS SERIES SPRAGUE 594D SERIES KEMET T495 SERIES

NO. C CODE NO. C CODE NO. C CODE

1.21 to 2.5 33(3) 7 C1 6 C2 7 C3

47(3) 5 C1 4 C2 5 C3

2.5 to 3.75 33(3) 4 C1 3 C2 4 C3

47(3) 3 C1 2 C2 3 C3

3.75 to 5 22 4 C1 3 C2 4 C3

33 3 C1 2 C2 3 C3

47 2 C1 2 C2 2 C3

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Table 9. Output Capacitors for Adjustable Output Voltage Applications—Surface Mount(1)(2) (continued)

OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) INDUCTANCE (µH)

SURFACE MOUNT

AVX TPS SERIES SPRAGUE 594D SERIES KEMET T495 SERIES

NO. C CODE NO. C CODE NO. C CODE

5 to 6.25

22 3 C2 3 C3 3 C4

33 2 C2 2 C3 2 C4

47 2 C2 2 C3 2 C4

68 1 C2 1 C3 1 C4

6.25 to 7.5

22 3 C2 1 C4 3 C4

33 2 C2 1 C3 2 C4

47 1 C3 1 C4 1 C6

68 1 C2 1 C3 1 C4

7.5 to 10

33 2 C5 1 C6 2 C8

47 1 C5 1 C6 2 C8

68 1 C5 1 C6 1 C8

100 1 C4 1 C5 1 C8

10 to 12.5

33 1 C5 1 C6 2 C8

47 1 C5 1 C6 2 C8

68 1 C5 1 C6 1 C8

100 1 C5 1 C6 1 C8

12.5 to 15

33 1 C6 1 C8 1 C8

47 1 C6 1 C8 1 C8

68 1 C6 1 C8 1 C8

100 1 C6 1 C8 1 C8

15 to 20

33 1 C8 1 C10 2 C10

47 1 C8 1 C9 2 C10

68 1 C8 1 C9 2 C10

100 1 C8 1 C9 1 C10

20 to 30

33 2 C9 2 C11 2 C11

47 1 C10 1 C12 1 C11

68 1 C9 1 C12 1 C11

100 1 C9 1 C12 1 C11

30 to 37

No values available

4 C13 8 C12

15 3 C13 5 C12

22 2 C13 4 C12

33 1 C13 3 C12

47 1 C13 2 C12

68 1 C13 2 C12

LM2678

www.ti.com

SNVS029K –MARCH 2000–REVISED FEBRUARY 2017

Product Folder Links: LM2678

(1) No. represents the number of identical capacitor types to be connected in parallel.

(2) C Code indicates the Capacitor Reference number in Table 1 and Table 2 for identifying the specific component from the manufacturer.

(3) Set to a higher value for a practical design solution.

Table 10. Output Capacitors for Adjustable Output Voltage Applications—Through Hole(1)(2)

OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) INDUCTANCE

(µH)

THROUGH HOLE

SANYO OS-CON SA

SERIES SANYO MV-GX

SERIES NICHICON PL

SERIES PANASONIC HFQ

SERIES

NO. C CODE NO. C

CODE NO. C CODE NO. C CODE

1.21 to 2.5 33(3) 2 C3 5 C1 5 C3 3 C

47(3) 2 C2 4 C1 3 C3 2 C5

2.5 to 3.75 33(3) 1 C3 3 C1 3 C1 2 C5

47(3) 1 C2 2 C1 2 C3 1 C5

3.75 to 5 22 1 C3 3 C1 3 C1 2 C5

33 1 C2 2 C1 2 C1 1 C5

47 1 C2 2 C1 1 C3 1 C5

5 to 6.25

22 1 C5 2 C6 2 C3 2 C5

33 1 C4 1 C6 2 C1 1 C5

47 1 C4 1 C6 1 C3 1 C5

68 1 C4 1 C6 1 C1 1 C5

6.25 to 7.5

22 1 C5 1 C6 2 C1 1 C5

33 1 C4 1 C6 1 C3 1 C5

47 1 C4 1 C6 1 C1 1 C5

68 1 C4 1 C2 1 C1 1 C5

7.5 to 10

33 1 C7 1 C6 1 C14 1 C5

47 1 C7 1 C6 1 C14 1 C5

68 1 C7 1 C2 1 C14 1 C2

100 1 C7 1 C2 1 C14 1 C2

10 to 12.5

33 1 C7 1 C6 1 C14 1 C5

47 1 C7 1 C2 1 C14 1 C5

68 1 C7 1 C2 1 C9 1 C2

100 1 C7 1 C2 1 C9 1 C2

12.5 to 15

33 1 C9 1 C10 1 C15 1 C2

47 1 C9 1 C10 1 C15 1 C2

68 1 C9 1 C10 1 C15 1 C2

100 1 C9 1 C10 1 C15 1 C2

15 to 20

33 1 C10 1 C7 1 C15 1 C2

47 1 C10 1 C7 1 C15 1 C2

68 1 C10 1 C7 1 C15 1 C2

100 1 C10 1 C7 1 C15 1 C2

20 to 30

No values available

1 C7 1 C16 1 C2

47 1 C7 1 C16 1 C2

68 1 C7 1 C16 1 C2

100 1 C7 1 C16 1 C2

30 to 37

No values available

1 C12 1 C20 1 C10

15 1 C11 1 C20 1 C11

22 1 C11 1 C20 1 C10

33 1 C11 1 C20 1 C10

47 1 C11 1 C20 1 C10

68 1 C11 1 C20 1 C10

LM2678

SNVS029K –MARCH 2000–REVISED FEBRUARY 2017

www.ti.com

Product Folder Links: LM2678

9 Power Supply Recommendations

The LM2678 is designed to operate from an input voltage supply up to 40 V. This input supply must be well

regulated and able to withstand maximum input current and maintain a stable voltage.

10 Layout

10.1 Layout Guidelines

Board layout is critical for the proper operation of switching power supplies. First, the ground plane area must be

sufficient for thermal dissipation purposes. Second, appropriate guidelines must be followed to reduce the effects

of switching noise. Switch mode converters are very fast switching devices. In such cases, the rapid increase of

input current combined with the parasitic trace inductance generates unwanted L di/dt noise spikes. The

magnitude of this noise tends to increase as the output current increases. This noise may turn into

electromagnetic interference (EMI) and can also cause problems in device performance. Therefore, take care in

layout to minimize the effect of this switching noise. The most important layout rule is to keep the AC current

loops as small as possible. Figure 23 shows the current flow in a buck converter. The top schematic shows a

dotted line which represents the current flow during the top switch ON-state. The middle schematic shows the

current flow during the top switch OFF-state. The bottom schematic shows the currents referred to as AC

currents. These AC currents are the most critical because they are changing in a very short time period. The

dotted lines of the bottom schematic are the traces to keep as short and wide as possible. This will also yield a

small loop area reducing the loop inductance. To avoid functional problems due to layout, review the PCB layout

example. Best results are achieved if the placement of the LM2679 device, the bypass capacitor, the Schottky

diode, RFBB, RFBT, and the inductor are placed as shown in the example. Note that, in the layout shown, R1 =

RFBB and R2 = RFBT. It is also recommended to use 2-oz. copper boards or heavier to help thermal dissipation

and to reduce the parasitic inductances of board traces. See AN-1229 SIMPLE SWITCHER® PCB Layout

Guidelines for more information.

Figure 23. Typical Current Flow in Buck Regulator

LM2678

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SNVS029K –MARCH 2000–REVISED FEBRUARY 2017

Product Folder Links: LM2678

10.2 Layout Example

Figure 24. Top Layer Foil Pattern of Printed-Circuit Board

LM2678

SNVS029K –MARCH 2000–REVISED FEBRUARY 2017

www.ti.com

Product Folder Links: LM2678

11 Device and Documentation Support

11.1 Custom Design With WEBENCH® Tools

Click here to create a custom design using the LM2678 device with the WEBENCH® Power Designer.

1. Start by entering the input voltage (VIN), output voltage (VOUT), and output current (IOUT) requirements.

2. Optimize the design for key parameters such as efficiency, footprint, and cost using the optimizer dial.

3. Compare the generated design with other possible solutions from Texas Instruments.

The WEBENCH Power Designer provides a customized schematic along with a list of materials with real-time

pricing and component availability.

In most cases, these actions are available:

• Run electrical simulations to see important waveforms and circuit performance

• Run thermal simulations to understand board thermal performance

• Export customized schematic and layout into popular CAD formats

• Print PDF reports for the design, and share the design with colleagues

Get more information about WEBENCH tools at www.ti.com/WEBENCH.

11.2 Related Documentation

For related documentation see the following:

•AN-1187 Leadless Leadfram Package (LLP) (SNOA401)

•AN-1229 SIMPLE SWITCHER® PCB Layout Guidelines (SNVA054)

11.3 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates

To receive notification of documentation updates, navigate to the device product folder on ti.com. In the upper

right corner, click on Alert me to register and receive a weekly digest of any product information that has

changed. For change details, review the revision history included in any revised document.

11.4 Community Resources

The following links connect to TI community resources. Linked contents are provided "AS IS" by the respective

contributors. They do not constitute TI specifications and do not necessarily reflect TI's views; see TI's Terms of

Use.

TI E2E™ Online Community TI's Engineer-to-Engineer (E2E) Community. Created to foster collaboration

among engineers. At e2e.ti.com, you can ask questions, share knowledge, explore ideas and help

solve problems with fellow engineers.

Design Support TI's Design Support Quickly find helpful E2E forums along with design support tools and

contact information for technical support.

11.5 Trademarks

E2E is a trademark of Texas Instruments.

SIMPLE SWITCHER, WEBENCH are registered trademarks of Texas Instruments.

All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

11.6 Electrostatic Discharge Caution

These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam

during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.

11.7 Glossary

SLYZ022 —TI Glossary.

This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.

LM2678

www.ti.com

SNVS029K –MARCH 2000–REVISED FEBRUARY 2017

Product Folder Links: LM2678

12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information

The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most

current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of

this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.

12.1 VSON Package Devices

The LM2678 is offered in the 14-pin VSON surface mount package to allow for a significantly decreased footprint

with equivalent power dissipation compared to the DDPAK. For details on mounting and soldering specifications,

refer to AN-1187 Leadless Leadfram Package (LLP).

PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM

www.ti.com 10-Dec-2020

Addendum-Page 1

PACKAGING INFORMATION

Orderable Device Status

(1)

Package Type Package

Drawing Pins Package

Qty Eco Plan

(2)

Lead finish/

Ball material

(6)

MSL Peak Temp

(3)

Op Temp (°C) Device Marking

(4/5)

Samples

LM2678S-12 NRND DDPAK/

TO-263 KTW 7 45 Non-RoHS &

Non-Green Call TI Call TI -40 to 125 LM2678

S-12

LM2678S-12/NOPB ACTIVE DDPAK/

TO-263 KTW 7 45 RoHS-Exempt

& Green SN Level-3-245C-168 HR -40 to 125 LM2678

S-12

LM2678S-3.3 NRND DDPAK/

TO-263 KTW 7 45 Non-RoHS &

Non-Green Call TI Call TI -40 to 125 LM2678

S-3.3

LM2678S-3.3/NOPB ACTIVE DDPAK/

TO-263 KTW 7 45 RoHS-Exempt

& Green SN Level-3-245C-168 HR -40 to 125 LM2678

S-3.3

LM2678S-5.0 NRND DDPAK/

TO-263 KTW 7 45 Non-RoHS &

Non-Green Call TI Call TI -40 to 125 LM2678

S-5.0

LM2678S-5.0/NOPB ACTIVE DDPAK/

TO-263 KTW 7 45 RoHS-Exempt

& Green SN Level-3-245C-168 HR -40 to 125 LM2678

S-5.0

LM2678S-ADJ NRND DDPAK/

TO-263 KTW 7 45 Non-RoHS &

Non-Green Call TI Call TI -40 to 125 LM2678

S-ADJ

LM2678S-ADJ/NOPB ACTIVE DDPAK/

TO-263 KTW 7 45 RoHS-Exempt

& Green SN Level-3-245C-168 HR -40 to 125 LM2678

S-ADJ

LM2678SD-12 NRND VSON NHM 14 250 Non-RoHS &

Non-Green Call TI Call TI -40 to 125 S0003BB

LM2678SD-12/NOPB ACTIVE VSON NHM 14 250 RoHS & Green SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 S0003BB

LM2678SD-3.3/NOPB ACTIVE VSON NHM 14 250 RoHS & Green SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 S0003CB

LM2678SD-5.0/NOPB ACTIVE VSON NHM 14 250 RoHS & Green SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 S0003DB

LM2678SD-ADJ/NOPB ACTIVE VSON NHM 14 250 RoHS & Green SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 S0003EB

LM2678SDX-3.3/NOPB ACTIVE VSON NHM 14 2500 RoHS & Green SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 S0003CB

LM2678SDX-5.0/NOPB ACTIVE VSON NHM 14 2500 RoHS & Green SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 S0003DB

LM2678SDX-ADJ/NOPB ACTIVE VSON NHM 14 2500 RoHS & Green SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 S0003EB

LM2678SX-12/NOPB ACTIVE DDPAK/

TO-263 KTW 7 500 RoHS-Exempt

& Green SN Level-3-245C-168 HR -40 to 125 LM2678

S-12

LM2678SX-3.3/NOPB ACTIVE DDPAK/

TO-263 KTW 7 500 RoHS-Exempt

& Green SN Level-3-245C-168 HR -40 to 125 LM2678

S-3.3

PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM

www.ti.com 10-Dec-2020

Addendum-Page 2

Orderable Device Status

(1)

Package Type Package

Drawing Pins Package

Qty Eco Plan

(2)

Lead finish/

Ball material

(6)

MSL Peak Temp

(3)

Op Temp (°C) Device Marking

(4/5)

Samples

LM2678SX-5.0/NOPB ACTIVE DDPAK/

TO-263 KTW 7 500 RoHS-Exempt

& Green SN Level-3-245C-168 HR -40 to 125 LM2678

S-5.0

LM2678SX-ADJ NRND DDPAK/

TO-263 KTW 7 500 Non-RoHS &

Non-Green Call TI Call TI -40 to 125 LM2678

S-ADJ

LM2678SX-ADJ/NOPB ACTIVE DDPAK/

TO-263 KTW 7 500 RoHS-Exempt

& Green SN Level-3-245C-168 HR -40 to 125 LM2678

S-ADJ

LM2678T-12/NOPB ACTIVE TO-220 NDZ 7 45 RoHS & Green SN Level-1-NA-UNLIM -40 to 125 LM2678

T-12

LM2678T-3.3/NOPB ACTIVE TO-220 NDZ 7 45 RoHS & Green SN Level-1-NA-UNLIM -40 to 125 LM2678

T-3.3

LM2678T-5.0 NRND TO-220 NDZ 7 45 Non-RoHS &

Non-Green Call TI Call TI -40 to 125 LM2678

T-5.0

LM2678T-5.0/NOPB ACTIVE TO-220 NDZ 7 45 RoHS & Green SN Level-1-NA-UNLIM -40 to 125 LM2678

T-5.0

LM2678T-ADJ NRND TO-220 NDZ 7 45 Non-RoHS &

Non-Green Call TI Call TI -40 to 125 LM2678

T-ADJ

LM2678T-ADJ/NOPB ACTIVE TO-220 NDZ 7 45 RoHS & Green SN Level-1-NA-UNLIM -40 to 125 LM2678

T-ADJ

(1) The marketing status values are defined as follows:

ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.

LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.

NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.

PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.

OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.

(2) RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance

do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may

reference these types of products as "Pb-Free".

RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption.

Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of <=1000ppm threshold. Antimony trioxide based

flame retardants must also meet the <=1000ppm threshold requirement.

(3) MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.

(4) There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device.

PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM

www.ti.com 10-Dec-2020

Addendum-Page 3

(5) Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation

of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device.

(6) Lead finish/Ball material - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead finish/Ball material values may wrap to two

lines if the finish value exceeds the maximum column width.

Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information

provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and

continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.

TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.

In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.

TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION

*All dimensions are nominal

Device Package

Type Package

Drawing Pins SPQ Reel

Diameter

(mm)

Reel

Width

W1 (mm)

(mm) B0

(mm) K0

(mm) P1

(mm) W

(mm) Pin1

Quadrant

LM2678SD-12 VSON NHM 14 250 178.0 16.4 5.3 6.3 1.5 12.0 16.0 Q1

LM2678SD-12/NOPB VSON NHM 14 250 178.0 16.4 5.3 6.3 1.5 12.0 16.0 Q1

LM2678SD-3.3/NOPB VSON NHM 14 250 178.0 16.4 5.3 6.3 1.5 12.0 16.0 Q1

LM2678SD-5.0/NOPB VSON NHM 14 250 178.0 16.4 5.3 6.3 1.5 12.0 16.0 Q1

LM2678SD-ADJ/NOPB VSON NHM 14 250 178.0 16.4 5.3 6.3 1.5 12.0 16.0 Q1

LM2678SDX-3.3/NOPB VSON NHM 14 2500 330.0 16.4 5.3 6.3 1.5 12.0 16.0 Q1

LM2678SDX-5.0/NOPB VSON NHM 14 2500 330.0 16.4 5.3 6.3 1.5 12.0 16.0 Q1

LM2678SDX-ADJ/NOPB VSON NHM 14 2500 330.0 16.4 5.3 6.3 1.5 12.0 16.0 Q1

LM2678SX-12/NOPB DDPAK/

TO-263 KTW 7 500 330.0 24.4 10.75 14.85 5.0 16.0 24.0 Q2

LM2678SX-3.3/NOPB DDPAK/

TO-263 KTW 7 500 330.0 24.4 10.75 14.85 5.0 16.0 24.0 Q2

LM2678SX-5.0/NOPB DDPAK/

TO-263 KTW 7 500 330.0 24.4 10.75 14.85 5.0 16.0 24.0 Q2

LM2678SX-ADJ DDPAK/

TO-263 KTW 7 500 330.0 24.4 10.75 14.85 5.0 16.0 24.0 Q2

LM2678SX-ADJ/NOPB DDPAK/

TO-263 KTW 7 500 330.0 24.4 10.75 14.85 5.0 16.0 24.0 Q2

PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION

www.ti.com 29-Sep-2019

Pack Materials-Page 1

*All dimensions are nominal

Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm)

LM2678SD-12 VSON NHM 14 250 210.0 185.0 35.0

LM2678SD-12/NOPB VSON NHM 14 250 210.0 185.0 35.0

LM2678SD-3.3/NOPB VSON NHM 14 250 210.0 185.0 35.0

LM2678SD-5.0/NOPB VSON NHM 14 250 210.0 185.0 35.0

LM2678SD-ADJ/NOPB VSON NHM 14 250 210.0 185.0 35.0

LM2678SDX-3.3/NOPB VSON NHM 14 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0

LM2678SDX-5.0/NOPB VSON NHM 14 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0

LM2678SDX-ADJ/NOPB VSON NHM 14 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0

LM2678SX-12/NOPB DDPAK/TO-263 KTW 7 500 367.0 367.0 45.0

LM2678SX-3.3/NOPB DDPAK/TO-263 KTW 7 500 367.0 367.0 45.0

LM2678SX-5.0/NOPB DDPAK/TO-263 KTW 7 500 367.0 367.0 45.0

LM2678SX-ADJ DDPAK/TO-263 KTW 7 500 367.0 367.0 45.0

LM2678SX-ADJ/NOPB DDPAK/TO-263 KTW 7 500 367.0 367.0 45.0

PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION

www.ti.com 29-Sep-2019

Pack Materials-Page 2

MECHANICAL DATA

KTW0007B

www.ti.com

BOTTOM SIDE OF PACKAGE

TS7B (Rev E)

MECHANICAL DATA

NHM0014A

www.ti.com

SRC14A (Rev A)

MECHANICAL DATA

NDZ0007B

www.ti.com

TA07B (Rev E)

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