Advanced Monolithic Systems, Inc. www.advanced-monolithic.com Phone (925) 443-0722 Fax (925) 443-0723
Advanced
AMS1084
Monolithic
5A LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
Systems
RoHS compliant
FEATURES
APPLICATIONS
•
••
• Three Terminal Adjustable or Fixed •
••
• High Efficiency Linear Regulators
1.5V, 2.5V, 2.85V, 3.0V, 3.3V, 3.5V and 5.0V •
••
•
Post Regulators for Switching Supplies
•
••
• Output Current of 5A
•
••
• Microprocessor Supply
•
••
• Operates Down to 1V Dropout •
••
• Battery Chargers
•
••
• Line Regulation: 0.015% •
••
• Constant Current Regulators
•
••
• Load Regulation: 0.1% •
••
• Notebook/Personal Computer Supplies
•
••
• TO-220, TO-263 and TO-252 packages available •
••
• Portable Instrumentation
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The
The AMS1084 series of adjustable and fixed voltage regulators are designed to provide 5A output current and to operate down
to 1V input-to-output differential. The dropout voltage of the device is guaranteed maximum 1.5V at maximum output current,
decreasing at lower load currents.
On-chip trimming adjusts the reference voltage to 1%. Current limit is also trimmed, minimizing the stress under overload
conditions on both the regulator and power source circuitry.
The AMS1084 devices are pin compatible with older three-terminal regulators and are offered in 3 lead TO-220 package, 3 and
2 lead TO-263 (Plastic DD) and TO-252 (D PAK) package.
ORDERING INFORMATION:
PACKAGE TYPE OPERATING JUNCTION
3 LEAD TO-220 2&3 LEAD TO-263
TO-252 TEMPERATURE RANGE
AMS1084CT AMS1084CM AMS1084CD -40 to 125° C
AMS1084CT-1.5 AMS1084CM-1.5 AMS1084CD-1.5 -40 to 125° C
AMS1084CT-2.5 AMS1084CM-2.5 AMS1084CD-2.5 -40 to 125° C
AMS1084CT-2.85 AMS1084CM-2.85 AMS1084CD-2.85 -40 to 125° C
AMS1084CT-3.0 AMS1084CM-3.0 AMS1084CD-3.0 -40 to 125° C
AMS1084CT-3.3 AMS1084CM-3.3 AMS1084CD-3.3 -40 to 125° C
AMS1084CT-3.5 AMS1084CM-3.5 AMS1084CD-3.5 -40 to 125° C
AMS1084CT-5.0 AMS1084CM-5.0 AMS1084CD-5.0 -40 to 125° C
PIN CONNECTIONS
FIXED VERSION
ADJUSTABLE VERSION
1- Ground
2- V
OUT
3- V
1- Adjust
2- V
OUT
3- V
TAB IS
OUTPUT
TO-252 FRONT VIEW
1
2
3
1
2
3
TAB IS
OUTPUT
2L TO-263 FRONT VIEW
1
2
3
TAB IS
OUTPUT
TO-220 FRONT VIEW
1
2
3
TAB IS
OUTPUT
3L TO-263 FRONT VIEW
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AMS1084
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
(Note 1)
Power Dissipation Internally limited Soldering information
Input Voltage 15V Lead Temperature (10 sec) 300°C
Operating
Junction Temperature Range
Thermal Resistance
Control Section -40°C to 125°C TO-220 package ϕ
JA
= 50°C/W
Power Transistor -40°C to 150°C TO-263 package ϕ
JA
=
30°C/W *
Storage temperature - 65°C to +150°C TO-252 package ϕ
JA
=
80°C/W
* With package soldering to 0.5in
2
copper area over backside
ground plane or internal power plane ϕ
JA
can vary from
20°C/W to >40°C/W depending on mounting technique.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Electrical Characteristics at I
OUT
= 0 mA, and T
J
= +25°C unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Device Conditions Min Typ Max Units
Reference Voltage
(Note 2)
AMS1084 I
OUT
= 10 mA
10mA ≤ I
OUT
≤ 5A, 1.5V≤ (V
IN
- V
OUT
) ≤ 12V
1.238
1.225
1.250
1.250
1.262
1.270
V
V
Output Voltage
(Note 2)
AMS1084-1.5 0 ≤ I
OUT
≤ 5A , 3V ≤ V
IN
≤ 12V 1.485
1.470
1.500
1.500
1.515
1.530
V
V
AMS1084-2.5 0 ≤ I
OUT
≤ 5A , 4V ≤ V
IN
≤ 12V 2.475
2.450
2.500
2.500
2.525
2.550
V
V
AMS1084-2.85 0 ≤ I
OUT
≤ 5A , 4.35V≤ V
IN
≤ 12V 2.82
2.79
2.850
2.850
2.88
2.91
V
V
AMS1084-3.0 0 ≤ I
OUT
≤ 5A , 4.5V ≤ V
IN
≤ 12V 2.970
2.940
3.000
3.000
3.300
3.360
V
V
AMS1084-3.3 0 ≤ I
OUT
≤ 5A , 4.75V ≤ V
IN
≤ 12V 3.267
3.235
3.300
3.300
3.333
3.365
V
V
AMS1084-3.5 0 ≤ I
OUT
≤ 5A, 5V ≤ V
IN
≤ 12V 3.465
3.430
3.500
3.500
3.535
3.570
V
V
AMS1084-5.0 0 ≤ I
OUT
≤ 5A , 6.5V ≤ V
IN
≤ 12V 4.950
4.900
5.000
5.000
5.050
5.100
V
V
Line Regulation AMS1084/-1.5/-2.5/-
2.85/ -3.0/-3.3/-3.5/-5.0
I
LOAD
= 10 mA , 1.5V≤ (V
IN
- V
OUT
) ≤ 12V 0.3
0.6
6
10
mV
mV
Load Regulation
(Notes 2, 3)
AMS1084 (V
IN
- V
OUT
) =3V, 10mA ≤ I
OUT
≤ 5A 0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
%
%
AMS1084-1.5 V
IN
= 5V, 0 ≤ I
OUT
≤ 5A 3
6
12
20
mV
mV
AMS1084-2.5 V
IN
= 5V, 0 ≤ I
OUT
≤ 5A 3
6
12
20
mV
mV
AMS1084-2.85 V
IN
= 5V, 0 ≤ I
OUT
≤ 5A 3
6
12
20
mV
mV
AMS1084-3.0 V
IN
= 5V, 0 ≤ I
OUT
≤ 5A 3
6
12
20
mV
mV
AMS1084-3.3 V
IN
= 5V, 0 ≤ I
OUT
≤ 5A 3
7
15
25
mV
mV
AMS1084-3.5 V
IN
= 5.25V, 0 ≤ I
OUT
≤ 5A 3
6
15
25
mV
mV
AMS1084-5.0 V
IN
= 8V, 0 ≤ I
OUT
≤ 5A 5
10
20
35
mV
mV
Dropout Voltage
(V
- V
OUT
)
AMS1084/-1.5/-2.5/-
2.85/ -3.0/-3.3/-3.5/-5.0
∆V
OUT
, ∆V
REF
= 1%, I
OUT
= 5 A (Note 4)
1.3 1.5
V
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AMS1084
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Electrical Characteristics at I
OUT
= 0 mA, and T
J
= +25°C unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Device Conditions Min Typ Max Units
Current Limit
AMS1084/-1.5/-2.5/-
2.85/ -3.0/-3.3/-3.5/-5.0
(V
IN
- V
OUT
) = 5V
5.00 6.00 7.00 A
Minimum Load
Current
AMS1084 (V
IN
- V
OUT
) = 12V (Note 5) 5 10 mA
Quiescent Current AMS1084/-1.5/-2.5/-
2.85/ -3.0/-3.3/-3.5/-5.0
V
IN
≤ 12V
5
10
mA
Ripple Rejection AMS1084 f =120Hz , C
OUT
= 25µF Tantalum, I
OUT
= 5A,
(V
IN
-V
OUT
) = 3V, C
ADJ
=25µF
60 75 dB
AMS1084-1.5 f =120Hz , C
OUT
= 25µF Tantalum, I
OUT
= 5A,
V
IN
= 4.5V
60
72
dB
AMS1084-2.5 f =120Hz , C
OUT
= 25µF Tantalum, I
OUT
= 5A,
V
IN
= 5.5V
60
72
dB
AMS1084-2.85 f =120Hz , C
OUT
= 25µF Tantalum, I
OUT
= 5A,
V
IN
= 6V
60
72
dB
AMS1084-3.0 f =120Hz , C
OUT
= 25µF Tantalum, I
OUT
= 5A
V
IN
= 6V
60 72
dB
AMS1084-3.3 f =120Hz , C
OUT
= 25µF Tantalum, I
OUT
= 5A
V
IN
= 6.3V
60 72
dB
AMS1084-3.5 f =120Hz , C
OUT
= 25µF Tantalum, I
OUT
= 5A
V
IN
= 6.5V
60 72
dB
AMS1084-5.0 f =120Hz , C
OUT
= 25µF Tantalum, I
OUT
= 5A
V
IN
= 8V
60 68
dB
Thermal Regulation AMS1084 T
A
= 25°C, 30ms pulse 0.008 0.04 %W
Adjust Pin Current AMS1084 10mA ≤ I
OUT
≤ 5A , 1.5V≤ (V
IN
- V
OUT
) ≤ 12V 55
120
µA
µA
Adjust Pin Current
Change
AMS1084 10mA ≤ I
OUT
≤ 5A , 1.5V≤ (V
IN
- V
OUT
) ≤ 12V 0.2
5
µA
Temperature Stability 0.5 %
Long Term Stability T
A
=125°C, 1000Hrs 0.3 1 %
RMS Output Noise
(% of V
OUT
)
T
A
= 25°C , 10Hz ≤ f ≤ 10kHz 0.003
%
Thermal Resistance
Junction-to-Case
D Package: Control Circuitry/ Power Transistor
M/T Package: Control Circuitry/ Power Transistor
2/6.0
1.5/4.0
°C/W
°C/W
Parameters identified with boldface type apply over the full operating temperature range.
Note 1:
Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the
Electrical Characteristics. The guaranteed specifications apply only for the test conditions listed.
Note 2:
Line and Load regulation are guaranteed up to 15W power dissipation for M and T package sand 2.2W for D package @25°C. Power dissipation is
determined by the input/output differential and the output current. Guaranteed maximum power dissipation will not be available over the full input/output
range.
Note 3:
See thermal regulation specifications for changes in output voltage due to heating effects. Line and load regulation are measured at a constant
junction temperature by low duty cycle pulse testing. Load regulation is measured at the output lead ~1/8” from the package body.
Note 4:
Dropout voltage is specified over the full output current range of the device.
Note 5:
Minimum load current is defined as the minimum output current required
to maintain regulation. When (V
IN
- V
OUT
) = 12V the device is guaranteed
to regulate if the output current is greater than 10mA.
Advanced Monolithic Systems, Inc. www.advanced-monolithic.com Phone (925) 443-0722 Fax (925) 443-0723
AMS1084
APPLICATION HINTS
The AMS1084 series of adjustable and fixed regulators are easy to
use and have all the protection features expected in high
performance voltage regulators: short circuit protection and
thermal shut-down.
Pin compatible with older three terminal adjustable regulators,
these devices offer the advantage of a lower dropout voltage, more
precise reference tolerance and improved reference stability with
temperature.
Stability
The circuit design used in the AMS1084 series requires the use of
an output capacitor as part of the device frequency compensation.
The addition of
150
µF aluminum electrolytic or a 22µF solid
tantalum on the output will ensure stability for all operating
conditions.
When the adjustment terminal is bypassed with a capacitor to
improve the ripple rejection, the requirement for an output
capacitor increases. The value of 22µF tantalum or
150
µF
aluminum covers all cases of bypassing the adjustment terminal.
Without bypassing the adjustment terminal smaller capacitors can
be used with equally good results.
To ensure good transient response with heavy load current changes
capacitor values on the order of 100µF are used in the output of
many regulators. To further improve stability and transient
response of these devices larger values of output capacitor can be
used.
Protection Diodes
Unlike older regulators, the AMS1084 family does not need any
protection diodes between the adjustment pin and the output and
from the output to the input to prevent over-stressing the die.
Internal resistors are limiting the internal current paths on the
AMS1084 adjustment pin, therefore even with capacitors on the
adjustment pin no protection diode is needed to ensure device
safety under short-circuit conditions.
Diodes between the input and output are not usually needed.
Microsecond surge currents of 50A to 100A can be handled by the
internal diode between the input and output pins of the device. In
normal operations it is difficult to get those values of surge
currents even with the use of large output capacitances. If high
value output capacitors are used, such as 1000µF to 5000µF and
the input pin is instantaneously shorted to ground, damage can
occur. A diode from output to input is recommended, when a
crowbar circuit at the input of the AMS1084 is used. Normal
power supply cycling or even plugging and unplugging in the
system will not generate current large enough to do any damage.
The adjustment pin can be driven on a transient basis ±25V, with
respect to the output without any device degradation. As with any
IC regulator, none the protection circuitry will be functional and
the internal transistors will break down if the maximum input to
output voltage differential is exceeded.
AMS1084
IN OUT
ADJ
+
C
OUT
150
µ
F
V
OUT
R
1
R
2
C
ADJ
10
µ
F
D1
V
IN
Overload Recovery
When the power is first turned on, as the input voltage rises, the
output follows the input, permitting the regulator to start up into
heavy loads. During the start-up, as the input voltage is rising, the
input-to-output voltage differential remains small, allowing the
regulator to supply large output currents. A problem can occur
with a heavy output load when the input voltage is high and the
output voltage is low, when the removal of an output short will not
permit the output voltage to recover. The load line for such a load
may intersect two points on the output current curve. In this case,
there are two stable output operating points for the regulator. With
this double intersection, the power supply may need to be cycled
down to zero and brought up again to make the output recover.
Ripple Rejection
The ripple rejection values are measured with the adjustment pin
bypassed. The impedance of the adjust pin capacitor at the ripple
frequency should be less than the value of R1 (normally 100Ω
to120Ω) for a proper bypassing and ripple rejection approaching
the values shown. The size of the required adjust pin capacitor is a
function of the input ripple frequency. If R1=100Ω at 120Hz the
adjust pin capacitor should be 25µF. At 10kHz only 0.22µF is
needed.
The ripple rejection will be a function of output voltage, in circuits
without an adjust pin bypass capacitor. The output ripple will
increase directly as a ratio of the output voltage to the reference
voltage (V
OUT
/ V
REF
).
Output Voltage
The AMS1084 series develops a 1.25V reference voltage between
the output and the adjust terminal. Placing a resistor between these
two terminals causes a constant current to flow through R1 and
down through R2 to set the overall output voltage.
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AMS1084
APPLICATION HINTS
This current is normally the specified minimum load current of
10mA. Because I
ADJ
is very small and constant it represents a small
error and it can usually be ignored.
AMS1084
IN OUT
ADJ R1
R2
V
OUT
V
REF
V
IN
I
ADJ
50
µ
A
V
OUT
= V
REF
(1+ R2/R1)+I
ADJ
R2
Figure 1. Basic Adjustable Regulator
Load Regulation
True remote load sensing it is not possible to provide, because the
AMS1084 is a three terminal device. The resistance of the wire
connecting the regulator to the load will limit the load regulation.
The data sheet specification for load regulation is measured at the
bottom of the package. Negative side sensing is a true Kelvin
connection, with the bottom of the output divider returned to the
negative side of the load.
The best load regulation is obtained when the top of the resistor
divider R1 is connected directly to the case not to the load. If R1
were connected to the load, the effective resistance between the
regulator and the load would be:
R
P
x
( R2+R1 ) , R
P
= Parasitic Line Resistance
R1
AMS1084
IN OUT
ADJ
R
L
R1*
R2*
V
IN
R
P
PARASITIC
LINE RESISTANCE
*
CONNECT R1 TO CASE
CONNECT R2 TO LOAD
Figure 2. Connections for Best Load Regulation
Connected as shown, R
P is
not multiplied by the divider ratio.
Using 16-gauge wire the parasitic line resistance is about 0.004Ω
per foot, translating to 4mV/ft at 1A load current. It is important to
keep the positive lead between regulator and load as short as
possible and use large wire or PC board traces.
Thermal Considerations
The AMS1084 series have internal power and thermal limiting
circuitry designed to protect the device under overload conditions.
However maximum junction temperature ratings should not be
exceeded under continuous normal load conditions. Careful
consideration must be given to all sources of thermal resistance
from junction to ambient, including junction-to-case, case-to-heat
sink interface and heat sink resistance itself. To ensure safe
operating temperatures and reflect more accurately the device
temperature, new thermal resistance specifications have been
developed. Unlike older regulators with a single junction-to-case
thermal resistance specification, the data section for these new
regulators provides a separate thermal resistance and maximum
junction temperature for both the Control Section and the Power
Transistor. Calculations for both temperatures under certain
conditions of ambient temperature and heat sink resistance and to
ensure that both thermal limits are met.
Junction-to-case thermal resistance is specified from the IC
junction to the bottom of the case directly below the die. This is
the lowest resistance path for the heat flow. In order to ensure the
best possible thermal flow from this area of the package to the
heat sink proper mounting is required. Thermal compound at the
case-to-heat sink interface is recommended. A thermally
conductive spacer can be used, if the case of the device must be
electrically isolated, but its added contribution to thermal
resistance has to be considered.
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AMS1084
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
-2.0
-1.0
0
1.0
2.0
-50 -25 025 50 75 100 125 150
TEMPERATURE (° C)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0
1
Dropout Voltage
-0.20
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0
0.05
0.10
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
10
2
Short-Circuit Current
Load Regulation
14
0
0
-0.4
0.6
50 60 70 80 90 100 110
0
30
60
0100
-40
60
00.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0
50
100
Temperature Stability
Ripple Rejection vs. Current
10
20
30
40
60
70
80
90
0
20
40
60
80
100 1k 10k 100k
Ripple Rejection
10
30
50
70
100
50
2
4
6
-0.6
~
~
~
~
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
Load Transient Response
200
Line Transient Response
12
13
14
~
~
~
~
-60
-20
0
20
40
Maximum Power Dissipation
TO263 and TO220*
120 130 140 150
10
20
40
50
TIME (µs) TIME (µs) CASE TEMPERATURE (° C)
*AS LIMITED BY MAXIMUM JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
POWER (W)
INPUT
DEVIATION (V)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
DEVIATION (mV)
LOAD
CURRENT (A)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
DEVIATION (V)
FREQUENCY (Hz)
RIPPLE REJECTION (dB)
RIPPLE REJECTION (dB)
OUTPUT CURRENT (0 TO I
FULL LOAD
) INPUT/OUTPUT DIFFERENTIAL (V)
SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT (A)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (%)
TEMPERATURE (° C)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE DEVIATION (%)
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
MINIMUM INPUT/OUTPUT
DIFFERENTIAL (V)
f
R
= 120Hz
V
RIPPLE
≤ 3V
P-P
f
R
=20kHz
V
RIPPLE
≤ 0.5V
P-P
I
OUT
=I
FULL LOAD
(V
IN
-V
OUT
)≥V
DROPOUT
V
RIPPLE
≤ 3V
P-P
V
RIPPLE
≤ 0.5V
P-P
(V
IN
-V
OUT
)
≥ 3V
C
ADJ
= 0
V
OUT
= 10V
I
IN
= 0.2A
C
IN
= 1µF TANTALUM
C
OUT
= 10µF
TANTALUM
V
OUT
= 10V
V
IN
= 13V
PRELOAD =
100mA
C
IN
= 1µF
C
OUT
= 10µF
TANTALUM
C
ADJ
= 0
∆I = 5A
T
J
=150° C
T
J
=25° C
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
0
5
14
4
3
2
1
9
8
7
6
T
J
=-20° C
T
J
=-40° C
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AMS1084
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
(Continued)
-50 -25 025 50 75 125
0
100
50
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
0
10
5
14 100 150
4
3
2
1
9
8
7
6
Minimum Operating Current
(Adjustable only)
10
20
30
40
60
70
80
90
Adjust Pin Current
(Adjustable only)
ADJUST PIN CURRENT (
µ
A)
TEMPERATURE (° C)INPUT/OUTPUT DIFFERENTIAL (V)
MINIMUM OPERATING CURRENT (mA)
T
J
= 25° C
T
J
= 150° C
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted.
3 LEAD TO-220 PLASTIC PACKAGE (T)
0.330-0.370
0.050
(8.382-9.398)
0.090-0.110
(2.286-2.794) (1.270)
TYP
0.390-0.415
(9.906-10.541)
0.165-0.180
(4.191-4.572)
0.045-0.055
(1.143-1.397)
0.095-0.115
(2.413-2.921)
0.013-0.023
(0.330-0.584)
T (TO-220) AMS DRW# 042193
0.147-0.155
(3.734-3.937)
DIA
0.230-0.270
(5.842-6.858)
0.460-0.500
(11.684-12.700)
0.570-0.620
(14.478-15.748)
0.218-0.252
(5.537-6.401)
0.520-0.570
(13.208-14.478)
0.980-1.070
(24.892-27.178)
0.028-0.038
(0.711-0.965)
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AMS1084
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued).
3 LEAD TO-263 PLASTIC DD (M)
2 LEAD TO-263 PLASTIC DD (M)
Advanced Monolithic Systems, Inc. www.advanced-monolithic.com Phone (925) 443-0722 Fax (925) 443-0723
AMS1084
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued).
TO-252 PLASTIC PACKAGE (D)