Key Features
• THE double P extended Half-brick
61.5x61x12.7 mm (2.42x2.4x0.5 in)
• Low Output Ripple, 60 mVp-p Typ.
• Parallelable with no external
components
• High effi ciency, typ. 90 % at 28.2 Vout
13A (full) load
• 1500 VDC input to output isolation,
meets isolation requirements equivalent
to Basic Insulation according to
IEC/EN/UL 60950
• More than 3 million hours predicted
MTBF at 55° C ambient and 1 m/s
(200 lfm) airfl ow
DC/DC converter
Input 36-75 Vdc
Output 28.2V up to 13A/366W
PKL 4316 Series
E
The PKL 4316 represents another one of Ericsson's
"industry first" achievements for high-density, high-
efficiency DC/DC power converters designed to provide
high quality on-board power solutions in distributed
power architectures used in Internetworking equipment
in telecom and other industry applications. The PKL
4000 series was the first to use "THE double P"
technology or enhanced four output pin design for
motherboard connection reliability at this high power.
The PKL 4316 uses patented technology and achieves
an efficiency up to 90% at full load. Ericsson's PKL
4000 series addresses the emerging telecom market for
applications in the multi-service network by specifying
the input voltage range in accordance with ETSI
specifications.
Included as standard features are output over-voltage
protection, input under-voltage protection, over
temperature protection, soft-start, output short circuit
protection, remote sense, remote control, and output
voltage adjust function.
These converters are designed to meet high reliability
requirements and are manufactured in highly
automated manufacturing lines and meet world-class
quality levels. Ericsson Power Modules is an
ISO 9001/14001 certified supplier.
2PKL 4316 Series EN/LZT 146 039 R1A ©Ericsson Power Modules, November 2003
Characteristics Conditions min typ max Unit
VIInput voltage range 1) 36 75 Vdc
VIoff Turn-off input voltage Ramping from higher
voltage 32 34 Vdc
VIon Turn-on input voltage Ramping from lower
voltage 34 36 Vdc
CIInput capacitance 3.5 µF
IIac Refl ected ripple current 5 Hz to 20 MHz,
VI = 53 V 5A
p-p
PII Input idling power Io= 0, VI = 53 V 6 W
PRC Input standby power
(turned off with RC) VI = 53 V, RC activated 0.4 0.6 W
Characteristics min max Unit
TCMaximum Operating Case Temperature -40 +110 ˚C
TSStorage temperature -40 +125 ˚C
VIInput voltage -0.5 +80 Vdc
VISO Isolation voltage (input to output test voltage) 1500 Vdc
Vtr Input over voltage condition (100 ms) 100 Vdc
VRC Remote Control Voltage 12 Vdc
Vadj Maximum input 10 Vdc
Input TC <TC max unless otherwise specifi ed
Note:
Stress in excess of Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage. Absolute Maximum Ratings, sometimes referred to as
no destruction limits, are normally tested with one parameter at a time exceeding the limits of Output data or Electrical Characteristics. If
exposed to stress above these limits, function and performance may degrade in an unspecifi ed manner.
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Characteristics
Random Vibration IEC 68-2-34Ed
Frequency
Spectral density
Duration
10 ... 500 Hz
0.07 g2/Hz
10 min each direction
Sinusoidal
Vibration IEC 68-2-6 Fc
Frequency
Amplitude
Acceleration
Number of cycles
10 ... 500 Hz
0.75 mm
10 g
10 in each axis
Shock
(half sinus) IEC 68-2-27 Ea
Peak acceleration
Duration
100 g
6 ms
Temperature
change IEC 68-2-14 Na
Temperature
Number of cycles
-40 ... +100 ˚C
300
Heat/Humidity IEC 68-2-3 Ca
Temperature
Humidity
Duration
+85 ˚C
85 % RH
1000 hours
Solder heat
stability IEC 68-2-20 1A Temperature, solder
Duration
260 ˚C
10 ...13 s
Resistance to
cleaning solvents
IEC 68-2-45 XA
Method 2
Water
Isopropyl alcohol
Glycol ether
+55 ±5 ˚C
+35 ±5 ˚C
+35 ±5 ˚C
Cold (in operation) IEC 68-2-1 AdTemperature
Duration
-45 ˚C
2 h
Storage test IEC 68-2-2 BaTemperature
Duration
+125 ˚C
1000 h
Environmental Characteristics
Safety
The PKL 4000 series DC/DC converters
are designed in accordance with safety
standards IEC/EN/UL 60 950, Safety of
Information Technology Equipment. The
PKL 4000 series DC/DC converters are
UL 60 950 recognized and certifi ed in
accordance with EN 60 950.
The DC/DC converter should be installed
in the end-use equipment, in accordance
with the requirements of the ultimate
application. The input source must be
isolated by minimum Basic insulation
from the primary circuit in accordance
with IEC/EN/UL 60 950. If the input
voltage to the DC/DC converter is 75 V
dc or less, then the output remains SELV
(Safety Extra Low Voltage) under normal
and abnormal operating conditions.
Single fault testing in the input power
supply circuit should be performed
with the DC/DC converter connected to
demonstrate that the input voltage does
not exceed 75 V dc. If the input power
source circuit is a DC power system,
the source may be treated as a TNV2
circuit and testing has demonstrated
compliance with SELV limits and
isolation requirements equivalent to Basic
insulation in accordance with
IEC/EN/UL 60 950.
It is recommended that a fast blow fuse
with a rating twice the maximum input
current per selected product be used at
the input of each DC/DC converter. If a
fault occurs in the converter that imposes
a short circuit on the input source, this
fuse will provide the following functions:
• Isolate the faulty DC/DC converter
from the input power source not to
affect the operation of other parts of
the system.
• Protect the distribution wiring from
excessive current and power loss thus
preventing hazardous overheating.
The galvanic isolation is verifi ed in an
electric strength test. The test voltage
(VISO) between input and output is 1500
Vdc for 60 seconds. Leakage current is less
than 1uA at nominal input voltage.
The fl ammability rating for all
construction parts of the DC/DC
converter meets UL 94V-0.
3
PKL 4316 Series EN/LZT 146 039 R1A ©Ericsson Power Modules, November 2003
Connections Fundamental Circuit Diagram
Weight
PKL 4316 PIT 110 g
Pins
Material: Brass Alloy
Plating: Tin/Lead over Nickel
Mechanical Data
Pin Designation Function
1 - In Negative Input
2 Case Connected to baseplate
3 RC Remote Control
4 + In Positive Input
5, 10 - Out Negative Output
6 - Sen Negative Sense
7V
adj Output voltage adjust
8 + Sen Positive Sense
9, 11 + Out Positive Output
For more information about the functions see Operating Information
61.5 [2.42] OVERALL LENGTH
51.86 [2.042]
10.16
[0.400]
50.8
[2.00]
35.56
[1.400]
25.40
[1.000]
12.72
[0.50]
5.1
[0.20]
-INPUT
CASE
REMOTE
ON/OFF
+INPUT
61.0
[2.40]
OVERALL
WIDTH
4.82
[0.19]
-OUTPUT
-SENSE
TRIM
+SENSE
+OUTPUT
3.47
[0.137]
8.42
[0.332]
12.72
[0.50]
10.16
[0.400]
17.78
[0.700]
25.40
[1.000]
35.56
[1.400]
5.3
[0.21]
PIN
EXT.
12.7
[0.50]
OVERALL
HEIGHT
1.02 [0.040] DIA. PLATED
BRASS PINS
TYPICAL7PLACES
2.06 [0.080] DIA. PLATED
BRASS PINS
TYPICAL 4 PLACES
M3 X [0.5] MOUNTING INSERTS
TYPICAL 4 PLACES
MAX.SCREW TORQUE: 0,44 N-M[3.9IN
-LBS].
SEE NOTE 2
Dimensions: mm [inches]
Tolerances: .x ± .5 [.xx ± 0.02]
.xx ± .25 [.xxx ±0.010]
BOTTOM VIEW
NOTE1: Extension of mounting insert only on PKL 4316 PITM / PITO
NOTE 2: For PKL 4316 PITM / PITO, Non-threaded inserts
0.5
[0.02]
SEENOTE 1
+INPUT
REMOTE
ON/OFF
CASE
-INPUT
+OUTPUT
+SENSE
TRIM
-SENSE
-OUTPUT
TOP VIEW
FOOTPRINT
2.43 [0.096] 4 places
1.42 [0.056] 7 places
3.00 [0.12] 4 places
4
3
1
Primary Secondary
Isolated
Feedback
9
5
6
8
7
Control
11
10
4PKL 4316 Series EN/LZT 146 039 R1A ©Ericsson Power Modules, November 2003
Characteristics Conditions
Output Unit
min typ max
VOi
Output voltage initial setting
and accuracy TC = +25 °C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 27.6 28.2 28.8 V
Output adjust range IO = IOmax 23.5 31 V
VO
Output voltage tolerance band IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax 27.6 28.2 28.8 V
Idling voltage IO = 0 27.6 28.2 30.6 V
Line regulation IO = IOmax 14 56 mV
Load regulation VI = 53 V, IO = 0.01...1 x IOmax 20 30 mV
Vtr
Load transient
voltage deviation
IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax , VI = 53 V
Load step = 0.25 x IOmax di/dt = 1A/µs 1.8 V
ttr Load transient recovery time IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax , VI = 53
loadstep = 0.25x IOmax
60 µs
trRamp-up time IO = 0.1...0.9 x VO23.9 33 ms
tsStart-up time From VI connected to VO = 0.9 x VOI 33.8 48.4 ms
IOOutput current 0 11 A
POmax Max output power At VO = VOnom 310 W
Ilim Current limit threshold TC < TCmax 12.76 14.64 A
Isc Short circuit current TC = 25 °C1516A
VOac Output ripple & noise IO = IOmax , f < 5 MHz 60 130 mVp-p
SVR Supply voltage rejection (ac) f = 100 Hz sinewave , 1 Vp-p , VI = 53 V 50 dB
OVP Over voltage protection VI = 53 V 36 V
TC = –40…+110°C, VI = 36 ...75V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specifi ed.
PKL 4316 PIT Output
Miscellaneous
Characteristics Conditions min typ max Unit
ηEffi ciency - 50% load TC = +25 °C, VI = 53 V, IO = 0.5 x IOmax 91 %
ηEffi ciency - 100% load TC = +25 °C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 90 %
PdPower Dissipation TC = +25 °C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 30.7 W
fsSwitching frequency IO = 0 ... 1.0 x IOmax 125 kHz
IImax Maximum input current 1.1 x VOi x IOmax / η / VImin 10.5 A
TC = –40…+110°C, VI = 36 ...75V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specifi ed.
5
PKL 4316 Series EN/LZT 146 039 R1A ©Ericsson Power Modules, November 2003
Effi ciency
Output Characteristic
Output Current Derating
Power Dissipation
PKL 4316 PIT Typical Characteristics
Start-Up Turn-Off
Start-up at Io=11A resistive load at TC=+25 °C,
Vin=53 V. Start enabled by connecting Vin.
Top trace: output voltage (20V/div.).
Bottom trace: input voltage (5V/div.).
Time scale: 20 ms/div.
Output voltage vs. load current at TC=+25 °C, Vin=53 V.
Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and
airfl ow at Vin=53 V.
Effi ciency vs. load current and input voltage at TC=+25 °C
03691215
70
75
80
85
90
95
[
A
]
[%]
36 V
53 V
75 V
020
40 60 80 100
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
[°C]
[A]
2.0 m/s (400 lfm)
1.5 m/s (300 lfm)
1.0 m/s (200 lfm)
0.5 m/s (100 lfm)
Nat. Conv.
3.0 m/s (600 lfm)
2.5 m/s (500 lfm)
0369
12 15 18
10
14
18
22
26
30
[A]
[V]
03691215
0
10
20
30
40
50
[A]
[W]
36 V
53 V
75 V
Dissipated power vs. load current and input voltage at
TC=+25 °C
Turn-off at Io=11A resistive load at TC=+25 °C,
Vin=53 V. Turn-off enabled by disconnecting Vin.
Top trace: output voltage (5 V/div.).
Bottom trace: input voltage (20 V/div.).
Time scale: 0.2 s/div.
6PKL 4316 Series EN/LZT 146 039 R1A ©Ericsson Power Modules, November 2003
Output Ripple Transient
PKL 4316 PIT Typical Characteristics
Output voltage ripple (50mV/div.) at TC=+25 °C, Vin=53 V,
Io=11A resistive load.
Band width=4MHz.
Time scale: 1µs / div.
Output voltage response to load current step-change
(2.75-8.25-2.75 A) at TC=+25 °C, Vin=53 V.
Top trace: output voltage (1V/div.).
Bottom trace: load current (4 A/div.)
Time scale: 0.1 ms/div.
Output Voltage Adjust
Output voltage adjust resistor value vs.
percentage change.
0 2 4 6 8 101214161820
1000000
100000
10000
1000
100
10
[%]
[kΩ]
VOincrease
VOdecrease
Output Voltage Adjust
The resistor value for an adjusted output voltage is calcu-
lated by using the following equations:
Output Voltage Adjust Upwards, Increase:
Radj= [10((1036/ ∆%) + 936 ) ] kΩ
Output Voltage Adjust Downwards, Decrease:
Radj= [10(100 / ∆%)-2 ] kΩ
Eg Increase 5% to: 29.6 Vdc
10((1036/5)+936)= 11432 kOhm
Eg Decrease 5% to: 26.8 Vdc
10(100/5)-2= 198 kOhm
7
PKL 4316 Series EN/LZT 146 039 R1A ©Ericsson Power Modules, November 2003
Characteristics Conditions
Output Unit
min typ max
VOi
Output voltage initial setting
and accuracy TC = +25 °C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 27.6 28.2 28.8 V
Output adjust range IO = IOmax 23.5 31 V
VO
Output voltage tolerance band IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax 27.6 28.2 28.8 V
Idling voltage IO = 0 27.6 28.2 30.6 V
Line regulation IO = IOmax 14 56 mV
Load regulation VI = 53 V, IO = 0.01...1 x IOmax 20 30 mV
Vtr
Load transient
voltage deviation
IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax , VI = 53 V
Load step = 0.25 x IOmax di/dt = 1A/µs 1.8 V
ttr Load transient recovery time IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax , VI = 53
loadstep = 0.25x IOmax
60 µs
trRamp-up time IO = 0.1...0.9 x VO23.9 33 ms
tsStart-up time From VI connected to VO = 0.9 x VOI 33.8 48.4 ms
IOOutput current 0 13 A
POmax Max output power At VO = VOnom 366 W
Ilim Current limit threshold TC < TCmax 12.76 14.64 A
Isc Short circuit current TC = 25 °C1516A
VOac Output ripple & noise IO = IOmax , f < 5 MHz 60 130 mVp-p
SVR Supply voltage rejection (ac) f = 100 Hz sinewave , 1 Vp-p , VI = 53 V 50 dB
OVP Over voltage protection VI = 53 V 36 V
TC = –40…+110°C, VI = 36 ...75V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specifi ed.
PKL 4316A PIT Output
Miscellaneous
Characteristics Conditions min typ max Unit
ηEffi ciency - 50% load TC = +25 °C, VI = 53 V, IO = 0.5 x IOmax 91 %
ηEffi ciency - 100% load TC = +25 °C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 90 %
PdPower Dissipation TC = +25 °C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 36.6 W
fsSwitching frequency IO = 0 ... 1.0 x IOmax 125 kHz
IImax Maximum input current 1.1 x VOi x IOmax / η / VImin 10.5 A
TC = –40…+110°C, VI = 36 ...75V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specifi ed.
8PKL 4316 Series EN/LZT 146 039 R1A ©Ericsson Power Modules, November 2003
Effi ciency
Output Characteristic
Output Current Derating
Power Dissipation
PKL 4316A PIT Typical Characteristics
Start-Up Turn-Off
Output voltage vs. load current at TC=+25 °C, Vin=53 V.
Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and
airfl ow at Vin=53 V.
Effi ciency vs. load current and input voltage at TC=+25 °C
03691215
70
75
80
85
90
95
[
A
]
[%]
36 V
53 V
75 V
020
40 60 80 100
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
[°C]
[A]
2.0 m/s (400 lfm)
1.5 m/s (300 lfm)
1.0 m/s (200 lfm)
0.5 m/s (100 lfm)
Nat. Conv.
3.0 m/s (600 lfm)
2.5 m/s (500 lfm)
0369
12 15 18
10
14
18
22
26
30
[A]
[V]
03691215
0
10
20
30
40
50
[A]
[W]
36 V
53 V
75 V
Dissipated power vs. load current and input voltage at
TC=+25 °C
Start-up at Io=13A resistive load at TC=+25 °C,
Vin=53 V. Start enabled by connecting Vin.
Top trace: output voltage (20V/div.).
Bottom trace: input voltage (5V/div.).
Time scale: 20 ms/div.
Turn-off at Io=13A resistive load at TC=+25 °C,
Vin=53 V. Turn-off enabled by disconnecting Vin.
Top trace: output voltage (5 V/div.).
Bottom trace: input voltage (20 V/div.).
Time scale: 0.2 s/div.
9
PKL 4316 Series EN/LZT 146 039 R1A ©Ericsson Power Modules, November 2003
Output Ripple Transient
PKL 4316A PIT Typical Characteristics
Output voltage ripple (50mV/div.) at TC=+25 °C, Vin=53 V,
Io=13A resistive load.
Band width=4MHz.
Time scale: 1µs / div.
Output voltage response to load current step-change
(3.25-9.75-3.25 A) at TC=+25 °C, Vin=53 V.
Top trace: output voltage (1V/div.).
Time scale: 0.1 ms/div.
Output Voltage Adjust
Output voltage adjust resistor value vs.
percentage change.
0 2 4 6 8 101214161820
1000000
100000
10000
1000
100
10
[%]
[kΩ]
VOincrease
VOdecrease
Output Voltage Adjust
The resistor value for an adjusted output voltage is calcu-
lated by using the following equations:
Output Voltage Adjust Upwards, Increase:
Radj= [10((1036/ ∆%) + 936 ) ] kΩ
Output Voltage Adjust Downwards, Decrease:
Radj= [10(100 / ∆%)-2 ] kΩ
Eg Increase 5% to: 29.6 Vdc
10((1036/5)+936)= 11432 kOhm
Eg Decrease 5% to: 26.8 Vdc
10(100/5)-2= 198 kOhm
10 PKL 4316 Series EN/LZT 146 039 R1A ©Ericsson Power Modules, November 2003
EMC Specifi cation
The conducted EMI measurement is performed using a
module placed directly on the test bench.
The fundamental switching frequency is 125 kHz for PKL
4316 PIT @ VI = 53V, IO = (0.1...1.0) × IOmax.
External fi lter (class B)
Required external input fi lter in order to meet class B in
EN 55022, CISPR 22 and FCC part 15J.
The capacitors are ceramic type. Low ESR is critical for
achieveing these results.
Test set-up.
DC
Power
Source
+
-
5µH 50Ω
5µH 50Ω
LISN
LISN
in
in out
out
rcvr
rcvr
50 ohm input
1 m Twisted Pair
50 ohm temination
Optional Connection
to Earth Ground
Filter
(if used)
Power Module
Resistive
Load
Printed Circuit Board
EMC
Reciver Computer
C1: 2 x 1µF
C2,3: 4 x 1µF
C4: 2 x 2700pF
C5: 2700pF
L1, L2: Common mode inductor
C1 C2 C3
C4
C4
PKL module
+
--
+
C5
C5
R
L2
L1
Layout Recommendation
The radiated EMI performance of the DC/DC converter will be
optimised by including a ground plane in the PCB area under
the DC/DC converter. This approach will return switching
noise to ground as directly as possible, with improvements to
both emissions and susceptibility. If one ground trace is used,
it should be connected to the input return. Alternatively, two
ground traces may be used, with the trace under the input side
of the DC/DC converter connected to the input return and the
trace under the output side of the DC/DC converter connected
to the output return. Make sure to use appropriate safety
isolation spacing between these two return traces. The use of
two traces as described will provide the capability of routing
the input noise and output noise back to their respective
returns.
11
PKL 4316 Series EN/LZT 146 039 R1A ©Ericsson Power Modules, November 2003
Operating Information
Input Voltage
The input voltage range 36…75Vdc meets the requirements
of the European Telecom Standard ETS 300 132-2 for normal
input voltage range in –48V and –60V DC systems, -40.5…-
57.0V and –50.0…-72V respectively. At input voltages
exceeding 75V, the power loss will be higher than at normal
input voltage and TPcb must be limited to absolute max
+125°C. The absolute maximum continuous input voltage
is 80Vdc.
Turn-Off Input Voltage
The PKL 4316 Series DC/DC converters monitor the input
voltage and will turn on and turn off at predetermined levels.
The minimum hysteresis between turn on and turn off input
voltage is 1V where the turn on input voltage is the highest.
Output Voltage Adjust (Vadj)
All PKL 4316 Series DC/DC converters have an Output
Voltage adjust pin (Vadj). This pin can be used to adjust the
output voltage above or below Output voltage initial setting.
When increasing the output voltage, the voltage at the output
pins (including any remote sense offset) must be kept below
the overvoltage trip point, to prevent the converter from
shut down. Also note that at increased output voltages the
maximum power rating of the converter remains the same, and
the output current capability will decrease correspondingly. To
decrease the output voltage the resistor should be connected
between Vadj pin and –Sense pin. To increase the voltage the
resistor should be connected between Vadj pin and +Sense
pin. The resistor value of the Output voltage adjust function is
according to information given under the output section.
Remote Control (RC)
The PKL 4316 Series DC/DC converters have remote control
function referenced to the primary side (minus input), with
negative and positive logic options available. The RC function
is CMOS open drain compatible. Maximum sink current is
1mA. When the RC pin is left open, the voltage generated
on the RC pin by the DC/DC converter is 3.5-6.0V. The
maximum allowable leakage current of the switch is 50µA.
The standard converter is provided with “negative logic”
remote control and will be off until the RC pin is connected to
the minus input. To turn on the converter the voltage between
RC pin and minus input should be less than 1V. To turn off
the converter the RC pin should be left open, or connected
to a voltage higher than 4V referenced to minus input. In
situations where it is desired to have the converter power up
automatically without the need for control signals or a switch,
the RC pin can be wired directly to the –Input circuit on the
application board.
The second option is “positive logic” remote control, which
can be ordered by adding the suffi x “P” to the end of the
part number. The converter will turn on if the input voltage
is applied with the RC pin open. Turn off is achieved by
connecting the RC pin to the minus input. To ensure safe turn
off the voltage difference between minus input pin and the RC
pin shall be less than 1V. The converter will restart when this
connection is opened.
All PKL 4316 Series DC/DC converters have remote sense that
can be used to compensate for moderate amounts of resistance
in the distribution system and allow for voltage regulation at
the load or other selected point. The remote sense lines will
carry very little current and do not need a large cross sectional
area. However, the sense lines on the PCB should be located
close to a ground trace or ground plane. In a discrete wiring
situation, the use of twisted pair wires or other technique to
reduce noise susceptibility is highly recommended. The remote
sense circuitry will compensate for up to 10% voltage drop
between the sense voltage and the voltage at the output pins.
The output voltage and the remote sense voltage offset must be
less than the minimum over voltage trip point. If the remote
sense is not needed the –Sense should be connected to –Out and
+Sense should be connected to +Out.
Remote Sense
Circuit confi guration for output voltage adjust
+Out
-Out
+Sense
Vadj
-Sense
Load
Radj
Radj
Decrease
Load
Increase
+Out
-Out
+Sense
Vadj
-Sense
12 PKL 4316 Series EN/LZT 146 039 R1A ©Ericsson Power Modules, November 2003
Operating Information
Over Temperature Protection (OTP)
The PKL 4316 Series DC/DC converters are protected from
thermal overload by an internal over temperature shutdown
circuit. When the PCB temperature (centre of PCB ) exceeds
135 ºC the converter will shut down immediately (latching).
The converter can be restarted by cycling the input voltage or
using the remote control function.
Input And Output Impedance
The impedance of both the power source and the load will
interact with the impedance of the DC/DC converter. It is
most important to have a ratio between L and C as low as
possible, i.e. a low characteristic impedance, both at the
input and output, as the converters have a low energy storage
capability. The PKL 4316 Series DC/DC converters have been
designed to be completely stable without the need for external
capacitors on the input or the output circuits. The performance
in some applications can be enhanced by addition of external
capacitance as described under maximum capacitive load. If
the distribution of the input voltage source to the converter
contains signifi cant inductance, the addition of a 100µF
capacitor across the input of the converter will help insure
stability. This capacitor is not required when powering the
DC/DC converter from a low impedance source with short, low
inductance, input power leads.
Parallel Operation
The PKL 4316 Series DC/DC converters can be paralleled safely
without any external components, however good matching
between the initial voltage setting and the layout impedence/
resistance can change the performance. Please consult with your
Ericsson representative should parallelling the PKL 4316 series
for increased power be desired.
Maximum Capacitive Load
When powering loads with signifi cant dynamic current
requirements, the voltage regulation at the load can be
improved by addition of decoupling capacitance at the load.
The most affective technique is to locate low ESR ceramic
capacitors as close to the load as possible, using several
capacitors to lower the effective ESR. These ceramic capacitors
will handle short duration high-frequency components of
dynamic load changes. In addition, higher values of electrolytic
capacitors should be used to handle the mid-frequency
components. It is equally important to use good design practice
when confi guring the DC distribution system.
Low resistance and low inductance PCB (printed circuit board)
layouts and cabling should be used. Remember that when
using remote sensing, all resistance, inductance and capacitance
of the distribution system is within the feedback loop of the
converter. This can have affect on the converters compensation
and the resulting stability and dynamic response performance.
As a “rule of thumb”, 100µF/A of output current can be used
without any additional analysis. For example with a 25A
converter, values of decoupling capacitance up to 2500 µF
can be used without regard to stability. With larger values of
capacitance, the load transient recovery time can exceed the
specifi ed value. As much of the capacitance as possible should
be outside the remote sensing loop and close to the load. The
absolute maximum value of output capacitance is 10 000 µF.
For values larger than this, please contact your local Ericsson
Power Modules representative.
Current Limit Protection
The PKL 4316 Series DC/DC converters include current
limiting circuitry that allows them to withstand continuous
overloads or short circuit conditions on the output. The output
voltage will decrease towards zero for output currents in excess
of max output current (Iomax).
The converter will resume normal operation after removal of the
overload. The load distribution system should be designed to
carry the maximum output short circuit current specified.
Over Voltage Protection (OVP)
The PKL 4316 Series DC/DC converters have latching output
overvoltage protection. In the event of an overvoltage condition,
the converter will shut down immediately. The converter can
be restarted by cycling the input voltage or using the remote
control function.
13
PKL 4316 Series EN/LZT 146 039 R1A ©Ericsson Power Modules, November 2003
Thermal Consideration
General
The PKL 4316 Series DC/DC converters are designed to
operate in a variety of thermal environments, however
sufficient cooling should be provided to help ensure reliable
operation. Heat is removed by conduction, convection and
radiation to the surrounding environment. Increased airflow
enhances the heat transfer via convection. The available load
current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow at Vin=53 V
for each model is according to the information given under
the output section. The test is done in a wind tunnel with a
cross section of 305x305mm, the DC/DC converter vertically
mounted on a 6 layer PCB with a size of 254x254mm. Proper
cooling can be verified by measuring the temperature of
selected devices.
Calculation of ambient temperature
By using the thermal resistance the maximum allowed
ambient temperature can be calculated.
1. The powerloss is calculated by using the formula
((1/η) - 1) × output power = power losses.
η = effi ciency of converter. E.g 85% = 0.85
2. Find the value of the thermal resistance in the diagram
by using the airfl ow speed at the module. Take the thermal
resistance x powerloss to get the temperature increase.
Thermal resistance vs. airspeed measured at the converter.
Tested in windtunnel with a cross section of 305×305 mm
mounted on a 6 layer PCB with a size of 254×254 mm.
3. Max allowed calculated ambient temperature is: Max
T
C of DC/DC converter – temperature increase.
E.g PKJ 4316 PIT at 2m/s:
B. 34.55W × 1.79°C/W = 61.84°C
C.110°C - 61.84°C = max ambient temperature is 48.16°C
The real temperature will be dependent on several factors,
like PCB size and type, direction of airfl ow, air turbulence
etc. It is recommended to verify the temperature by testing.
A. (( ) - 1) × 311W = 34.55W
1
0.90
0123
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
[m/s]
[°C/W]
14 PKL 4316 Series EN/LZT 146 039 R1A ©Ericsson Power Modules, November 2003
Quality
Reliability
The Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) of the PKL 4316 series
DC/DC converter family is calculated to be greater than (>) 7.6
million hours at full output power and a PCB temperature of
+110°C using the Ericsson failure rate data system (TILDA/
Preditool). The Ericsson failure rate data system is based on field
failure rates and is continuously updated. The data corresponds
to actual failure rates of components used in Information
Technology and Telecom equipment in temperature controlled
environments (TA= -5...+65°C). The data is considered to have
a confidence level of 90%. For more information please refer to
Design Note 002.
Quality Statement
The PKL 4316 series DC/DC converters are designed and
manufactured in an industrial environment where quality
systems and methods like ISO 9000, 6 (sigma), and SPC
are intensively in use to boost the continuous improvements
strategy. Infant mortality or early failures in the products
are screened out and they are subjected to an ATE-based fi nal
test. Conservative design rules, design reviews and product
qualifi cations, plus the high competence of an engaged work
force, contribute to the high quality of our products.
Limitation of Liability
Ericsson Power Modules does not make any other warranties,
expressed or implied including any warranty of merchantability
or fitness for a particular purpose (including, but not limited to,
use in life support applications, where malfunctions of product
can cause injury to a person's health or life).
Delivery Package Information
PKL 4316 series standard delivery package is a 50 pcs box
One box contains 5 full trays.
Tray Specifi cation
Material: ESD PET
Max surface resistance: <1010 Ohm/sq
Color: Clear
Capacity: 10 pcs/tray
Weight: TBD g
Miscellaneous
The PKL 4316 Series DC/DC converters are intended for
through hole mounting on a PCB. When wave soldering is
used max temperature on the pins are specified to 215°C for 10
seconds. Maximum preheat rate of 4°C/s is suggested. When
hand soldering is used a thermocouple needs to be mounted on
the DC/DC converter pins to verify that pin temperatures does
not exceed 215°C for longer time than 10 seconds with the used
soldering tools.
No-clean flux is recommended to avoid entrapment of cleaning
fluids in cavities inside of the DC/DC power module. The
residues may affect long time reliability and isolation voltage.
Design for Environment (DfE)
The PKL 4316 Series DC/DC converters are designed to fulfi ll
the wanted functionality with minimum environmental impact.
The converters are presently assembled using low lead solder
and a pcb with halogen free fl ame retardant and electroless
nickel plated brass pins. Lead free solder will be used in the
coming year.
All packaging used for shipping is recyclable.
Soldering Information
Information given in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable.
No re spon si bil i ty is assumed for the con se quenc es of its use nor for any infringement
of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use.
No license is grant ed by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of
Ericsson Power Modules. These products are sold only ac cord ing to
Ericsson Power Modules’ general conditions of sale, unless oth er wise con fi rmed in
writing. Specifi cations subject to change without notice.
Datasheet
The latest and most complete infor-
mation can be found on our website
Option Suffi x Example
Negative Remote Control logic
Industry standard Output Adjust - PKL 4316 PIT
Non-threaded standoff with
increased length 0.5 mm (0.02 in) M PKL 4316 PITM
Positive Remote Control logic P PKL 4316 PIPT
Setpoint accuracy to ± 1%
Non-threaded standoff with
increased length 0.5 mm (0.02 in)
O PKL 4316 PITO
Lead length 3.68 mm (0.145 in) LA PKL 4316 PITLA
Lead length 4.57 mm (0.180 in) LB PKL 4316 PITLB
Product Program
EN/LZT 146 039 R1A
© Ericsson Power Modules AB, November 2003
VI
VO/IO max PO max Ordering No.
Output 1
48/60 28.2 V/11 A 310 W PKL 4316 PIT
48/60 28.2 V/13 A 366 W PKL 4316A PIT
Product Options
The PKL series DC/DC converter may be ordered with different options
listed in the Product Options Table.
Ericsson Power Modules Americas
SE-141 75 Kungens Kurva, Sweden Ericsson Inc., Power Modules
Telephone: +46 8 568 69620 +1-877-374-2642
For local sales contacts, please refer to our website Asia/Pacifi c
www.ericsson.com/powermodules Ericsson Ltd.
or call: Int +46 8 568 69620, Fax: +46 8 568 69599 +852-2590-7152
For more information about the complete product program, please refer
to our website: www.ericsson.com/powermodules
