TAK CHEONG Licensed by ON Semiconductor, A trademark of semiconductor Components Industries, LLC for Zener Technology and Products. 500 mW DO-35 Hermetically Sealed Glass Zener Voltage Regulators Maximum Ratings (Note 1) Rating Symbol Value Units Maximum Steady State Power Dissipation @TL75, Lead Length = 3/8" PD 500 mW 4.0 mW/ -65 to +200 C Derate Above 75 Operating and Storage Temperature Range TJ, Tstg AXIAL LEAD DO35 Note 1: Some part number series have lower JEDEC registered ratings. Specification Features: Zener Voltage Range = 6.8V to 100V ESD Rating of Clas 3 (>6 KV) per Human Body Model DO-35 Package (DO-204AH) Double Slug Type Construction Metallurgical Bonded Construction Cathode Anode Specification Features: Case : Double slug type, hermetically sealed glass Finish : All external surfaces are corrosion resistant and leads are readily solderable Polarity : Cathode indicated by polarity band Mounting: Any L Maximum Lead Temperature for Soldering Purposes 230, 1/16" from the case for 10 seconds 9x xB L 9xxB = Logo = 1N9xxB Device Code Ordering Information Device Package Quantity 1N9xxB Axial Lead 3000 Units / Box 1N9xxBRL Axial Lead 5000 Units / Tape & Reel 1N9xxBRL2* Axial Lead 5000 Units / Tape & Reel 1N9xxBRR1 ! Lead Form 3000 Units / Radial Tape & Reel 1N9xxBRR2 i Lead Form 3000 Units / Radial Tape & Reel 1N9xxBTA Axial Lead 5000 Units / Tape & Ammo 1N9xxBTA2* Axial Lead 5000 Units / Tape & Ammo 1N9xxBRA1 ! Axial Lead 3000 Units / Radial Tape & Ammo 1N9xxBRA2 i Axial Lead 3000 Units / Radial Tape & Ammo * The "2" suffix refer to 26mm tape spacing. ! "1": Polarity band up with cathode lead off first. i "2": Polarity band down with cathode lead off first. Devices listed in bold italic are Tak Cheong Preferred devices. Preferred devices are recommended choices for future use and best overall value. December 2005 / B http://takcheong.com 1 1N957B through 1N992B Series (R) 1N957B through 1N992B Series ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = 25C unless otherwise noted, VF = 1.5 V Max @ IF = 200mA for all types) Symbol Parameter VZ Reverse Zener Voltage @ IZT IZT Reverse Zener Current ZZT Maximum Zener Impedance @ IZT IZM Maximum DC Zener Current IR Reverse Leakage Current @ VR VR Reverse Voltage IF Forward Current VF Forward Voltage @ IF IZM Maximum DC Zener Current ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = 25C unless otherwise noted, VF = 1.5 V Max @ IF = 200mA for all types) Zener Voltage (Note 3.) Device VZ (Volts) Zener Impedance (Note 4.) Leakage Current IZM IR @ VR (Note 5.) @ IZT ZZT @ IZT ZZK @ IZK Max (mA) ) ( ) ( (mA) A) ( (Volts) (mA) 6.8 7.14 18.5 4.5 700 1 150 5.2 47 7.5 7.875 16.5 5.5 700 0.5 75 5.7 42 (Note 2.) Device Marking Min Nom 1N957B 1N957B 6.46 1N958B 1N958B 7.125 1N959B 1N959B 7.79 8.2 8.61 15 6.5 700 0.5 50 6.2 38 1N960B 1N960B 8.645 9.1 9.555 14 7.5 700 0.5 25 6.9 35 1N961B 1N961B 9.5 10 10.5 12.5 8.5 700 0.25 10 7.6 32 1N962B 1N962B 10.45 11 11.55 11.5 9.5 700 0.25 5 8.4 28 1N963B 1N963B 11.4 12 12.6 10.5 11.5 700 0.25 5 9.1 26 1N964B 1N964B 12.35 13 13.65 9.5 13 700 0.25 5 9.9 24 1N965B 1N965B 14.25 15 15.75 8.5 16 700 0.25 5 11.4 21 1N966B 1N966B 15.2 16 16.8 7.8 17 700 0.25 5 12.2 19 1N967B 1N967B 17.1 18 18.9 7 21 750 0.25 5 13.7 17 1N968B 1N968B 19 20 21 6.2 25 750 0.25 5 15.2 15 1N969B 1N969B 20.9 22 23.1 5.6 29 750 0.25 5 16.7 14 1N970B 1N970B 22.8 24 25.2 5.2 33 750 0.25 5 18.2 13 1N971B 1N971B 25.65 27 28.35 4.6 41 750 0.25 5 20.6 11 1N972B 1N972B 28.5 30 31.5 4.2 49 1000 0.25 5 22.8 10 1N973B 1N973B 31.35 33 34.65 3.8 58 1000 0.25 5 25.1 9.2 1N974B 1N974B 34.2 36 37.8 3.4 70 1000 0.25 5 27.4 8.5 1N975B 1N975B 37.05 39 40.95 3.2 80 1000 0.25 5 29.7 7.8 1N976B 1N976B 40.85 43 45.15 3 93 1500 0.25 5 32.7 7 2. TOLERANCE AND TYPE NUMBER DESIGNATION (VZ) The type numbers listed have a standard tolerance on the nominal zener voltage of 5%. 3. ZENER VOLTAGE (VZ) MEASUREMENT Nominal zener voltage is measured with the device junction in the thermal equilibrium at the lead temperature (TL) at 30C 1C and 3/8" lead length. 4. ZENER IMPEDANCE (ZZ) DERIVATION ZZT and ZZK are measured by dividing the AC voltage drop across the device by the AC current applied. The specified limits are for IZ(AC) = 0.1 IZ(DC) with AC frequency = 60Hz. 5. MAXIMUM ZENER CURRENT RATINGS (IZM) Values shown are based on the JEDEC rating of 400mW where the actual zener voltage (VZ) is known at the operating point, the zener current may be increased and is limited by the derating curve. http://www.takcheong.com 2 1N957B through 1N992B Series ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = 25C unless otherwise noted, VF = 1.5 V Max @ IF = 200mA for all types) Zener Impedance (Note 8.) Zener Voltage (Note 7.) IZM IR @ VR (Note 9.) @ IZT ZZT @ IZT Max (mA) ) ( ) ( (mA) A) ( (Volts) (mA) 47 49.35 2.7 105 1500 0.25 5 35.8 6.4 48.45 51 53.55 2.5 125 1500 0.25 5 38.8 5.9 53.2 56 58.8 2.2 150 2000 0.25 5 42.6 5.4 1N980B 58.9 62 65.1 2 185 2000 0.25 5 47.1 4.9 1N981B 1N981B 64.6 68 71.4 1.8 230 2000 0.25 5 51.7 4.5 1N982B 1N982B 71.25 75 78.75 1.7 270 2000 0.25 5 56 4.1 1N983B 1N983B 77.9 82 86.1 1.5 330 3000 0.25 5 62.2 3.7 1N984B 1N984B 86.45 91 95.55 1.4 400 3000 0.25 5 69.2 3.3 1N985B 1N985B 95 100 105 1.3 500 3000 0.25 5 76 3 1N986B 1N986B 104.5 110 115.5 1.1 750 4000 0.25 5 83.6 2.7 1N987B 1N987B 114 120 126 1 900 4500 0.25 5 91.2 2.5 1N988B 1N988B 123.5 130 136.5 0.95 1100 5000 0.25 5 98.8 2.3 1N989B 1N989B 142.5 150 157.5 0.85 1500 6000 0.25 5 114 2 1N990B 1N990B 152 160 168 0.8 1700 6500 0.25 5 121.6 1.9 1N991B 1N991B 171 180 189 0.68 2200 7100 0.25 5 136.8 1.7 1N992B 1N992B 190 200 210 0.65 2500 8000 0.25 5 152 1.5 Device VZ (Volts) Leakage Current (Note 6.) Device Marking Min Nom 1N977B 1N977B 44.65 1N978B 1N978B 1N979B 1N979B 1N980B ZZK @ IZK 6. TOLERANCE AND TYPE NUMBER DESIGNATION (VZ) The type numbers listed have a standard tolerance on the nominal zener voltage of 5%. 7. ZENER VOLTAGE (VZ) MEASUREMENT Nominal zener voltage is measured with the device junction in the thermal equilibrium at the lead temperature (TL) at 30C 1C and 3/8" lead length. 8. ZENER IMPEDANCE (ZZ) DERIVATION ZZT and ZZK are measured by dividing the AC voltage drop across the device by the AC current applied. The specified limits are for IZ(AC) = 0.1 IZ(DC) with AC frequency = 60Hz. 9. MAXIMUM ZENER CURRENT RATINGS (IZM) Values shown are based on the JEDEC rating of 400mW where the actual zener voltage (VZ) is known at the operating point, the zener current may be increased and is limited by the derating curve. http://www.takcheong.com 3 1N957B through 1N992B Series 0.7 HEAT SINKS P D , MAXIMUM STEADY STATE POWER DISSIPATION (WATTS) 0.6 0.5 0.4 3/8" 3/8" 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 T L , LEAD TEMPERATURE (C) Figure 1. Steady State Power Derating http://www.takcheong.com 4 180 200 1N957B through 1N992B Series Since the actual voltage available from a given zener diode is temperature dependent, it is necessary to determine junction temperature under any set of operating conditions in order to calculate its value. The following procedure is recommended: Lead Temperature, TL, should be determined from: TL = LAPD + TA. LA is the lead-to-ambient thermal resistance (C/W) and PD is the power dissipation. The value for LA will vary and depends on the device mounting method. LA is generally 30 to 40C/W for the various clips and tie points in common use and for printed circuit board wiring. The temperature of the lead can also be measured using a thermocouple placed on the lead as close as possible to the tie point. The thermal mass connected to the tie point is normally large enough so that it will not significantly respond to heat surges generated in the diode as a result of pulsed operation once steady-state conditions are achieved. Using the measured value of TL, the junction temperature may be determined by: JL, JUNCTION TO LEAD THERMAL RESISTANCE ( C/W) APPLICATION NOTE - ZENER VOLTAGE L 2.4-60 V 200 62-200 V 100 0 0 0.2 0.4 1000 7000 5000 0.6 0.8 1 TYPICAL LEAKAGE CURRENT AT 80% OF NOMINAL BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE 2000 1000 700 500 200 TJL = JLPD. 100 70 50 I R , LEAKAGE CURRENT ( A) VZ, the zener voltage temperature coefficient, is found from Figures 4 and 5. Under high power-pulse operation, the zener voltage will vary with time and may also be affected significantly by the zener resistance. For best regulation, keep current excursions as low as possible. Surge limitations are given in Figure 7. They are lower than would be expected by considering only junction temperature, as current crowding effects cause temperatures to be extremely high in small spots, resulting in device degradation should the limits of Figure 7 be exceeded. L 300 Figure 2. Typical Thermal Resistance TJL is the increase in junction temperature above the lead temperature and may be found from Figure 2 for dc power: V = VZTJ. 400 L , LEAD LENGTH TO HEAT SINK (INCH) TJ = TL + TJL. For worst-case design, using expected limits of IZ, limits of PD and the extremes of TJ(TJ) may be estimated. Changes in voltage, VZ, can then be found from: 500 20 10 7 5 2 1 0.7 0.5 +125C 0.2 0.1 0.07 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.007 0.005 +25C 0.002 0.001 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 VZ , NOMINAL ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS) Figure 3. Typical Leakage Current http://www.takcheong.com 5 13 14 15 1N957B through 1N992B Series TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENTS TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (mV/ C) +12 +10 +8 +6 +4 +2 RANGE VZ @ IZT (NOTE 2) 0 -2 VZ , VZ , TEMPERA TURE COEFFICIENT (mV/ C) (-55 C to +150 C temperature range; 90% of the units are in the ranges indicated.) -4 2 4 3 5 6 7 8 10 9 11 100 70 50 30 20 5 3 2 1 10 12 20 TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (mV/C) 160 140 VZ @ IZT (NOTE 2) VZ , TEMPERA TURE COEFFICIENT (mV/C) VZ , 180 100 140 150 160 170 70 100 180 190 +6 VZ @ IZ TA= 25 C +4 +2 20mA 0 0.01mA 1mA -2 NOTE: BELOW 3 VOLTS AND ABOVE 8 VOL TS NOTE: CHANGES IN ZENER CURRENT DO NOT NOTE: AFFECT TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENTS -4 3 200 6 5 4 8 7 V Z , ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS) V Z , ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS) Figure 4c. Range for Units 120 to 200 Volts Figure 5. Effect of Zener Current 1000 100 TA = 25 C 70 500 T= 25 C 50 0V BIAS 0 BIAS C, CAP ACIT ANCE (pF) 200 C, CAP ACIT ANCE (pF) 50 Figure 4b. Range for Units 12 to 100 Volts 200 130 30 V Z , ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS) Figure 4a. Range for Units to 12 Volts 120 (NOTE 2) 7 V Z , ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS) 120 VZ @ IZ RANGE 10 100 1V BIAS 50 20 10 50% OF V Z BIAS 5 30 20 1 VOLT BIAS 10 7 50% OF V BIAS 5 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 120 140 Figure 6a. Typical Capacitance 2.4-100 Volts 160 180 190 200 V Z, ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS) V Z, ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS) Figure 6b. Typical Capacitance 120-200 Volts http://www.takcheong.com 6 220 1N957B through 1N992B Series Ppk , PEAK SURGE POWER (WATTS) 100 70 50 RECT ANGULAR WAVEFORM T J = 25C PRIOR TO INITIAL PULSE 11V-91V NONREPETITIVE 30 5% DUTY CYCLE 1.8V-10V NONREPETITIVE 20 10 10% DUTY CYCLE 7 5 20% DUTY CYCLE 3 2 1 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 1000 PW, PULSE WIDTH (ms) Figure 7a. Maximum Surge Power 1.8-91 Volts 1000 RECT ANGULAR WAVEFORM, TJ = 25 C 300 200 100 70 50 100-200 VOLTS NONREPETITIVE 30 20 10 7 5 3 2 1 0.01 T J = 25C iZ (rms) = 0.1 Iz(dc) VZ = 2.7V f = 60 Hz 200 47V 100 27V 50 20 6.2V 10 5 2 1 0.1 1 10 100 0.1 1000 0.2 0.5 1 2 5 10 20 PW, PULSE WIDTH (ms) IZ , ZENER CURRENT (mA) Figure 7b. Maximum Surge Power DO-35 100-200Volts Figure 8. Effect of Zener Current on Zener Impedance 1000 700 500 Z Z , DYNAMIC IMPEDANCE (OHMS) Z Z , DYNAMIC IMPEDANCE (OHMS) 500 TJ = 25C 200 100 70 50 5mA 20 20mA 100 MAXIMUM 500 f = 60Hz IZ = 1mA 50 1000 iZ (rms) = 0.1 IZ (dc) I F , FOR WARD CURRENT (mA) Ppk , PEAK SURGE POWER (WATTS) 1000 700 500 10 7 5 2 MINIMUM 200 100 50 75 C 20 10 25 C 5 150 C 0 C 2 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 10 20 30 50 70 100 0.4 0.5 V Z , ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS) 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 V F , FOR WARD VOLTAGE (VOLTS) Figure 9. Effect of Zener Voltage on Zener Impedance Figure 10. Typical Forward Characteristics http://www.takcheong.com 7 1.1 1N957B through 1N992B Series 20 10 I Z , ZENER CURRENT (mA) TA = 25C 1 0.1 0.01 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 29 30 V Z , ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS) Figure 1 1. Zener Voltage versus Zener Current - VZ = 1 thru 16 Volts 10 I Z , ZENER CURRENT (mA) TA = 25C 1 0.1 0.01 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 V Z , ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS) Figure 12. Zener Voltage versus Zener Current - VZ = 15 thru 30 Volts http://www.takcheong.com 8 28 1N957B through 1N992B Series I Z , ZENER CURRENT (mA) 10 TA = 25 1 0.1 0.01 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 95 100 105 240 250 260 90 V Z , ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS) Figure 13. Zener Voltage versus Zener Current - VZ = 30 thru 105 Volts I Z , ZENER CURRENT (mA) 10 1 0.1 0.01 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 V Z , ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS) Figure 14. Zener Voltage versus Zener Current - VZ = 110 thru 220 Volts http://www.takcheong.com 9