MCP3001 2.7V 10-Bit A/D Converter with SPITM Serial Interface Features 10-bit resolution 1 LSB max DNL 1 LSB max INL On-chip sample and hold SPITM serial interface (modes 0,0 and 1,1) Single supply operation: 2.7V - 5.5V 200 ksps sampling rate at 5V 75 ksps sampling rate at 2.7V Low power CMOS technology - 5 nA typical standby current, 2 A max - 500 A max active current at 5V * Industrial temp range: -40C to +85C * 8-pin PDIP, SOIC, MSOP and TSSOP packages Package Types PDIP, MSOP, SOIC, TSSOP VREF 1 IN+ 2 IN- 3 VSS 4 Sensor Interface Process Control Data Acquisition Battery Operated Systems Description The Microchip Technology Inc. MCP3001 is a successive approximation 10-bit A/D converter (ADC) with onboard sample and hold circuitry. The device provides a single pseudo-differential input. Differential Nonlinearity (DNL) and Integral Nonlinearity (INL) are both specified at 1 LSB max. Communication with the device is done using a simple serial interface compatible with the SPI protocol. The device is capable of sample rates up to 200 ksps at a clock rate of 2.8 MHz. The MCP3001 operates over a broad voltage range (2.7V - 5.5V). Low current design permits operation with a typical standby current of only 5 nA and a typical active current of 400 A. The device is offered in 8-pin PDIP, MSOP, TSSOP and 150 mil SOIC packages. 8 VDD 7 CLK 6 DOUT 5 CS/SHDN Illustration not to scale Functional Block Diagram VDD VREF Applications * * * * MCP3001 * * * * * * * * * VSS DAC Comparator IN+ IN- 10-Bit SAR Sample and Hold Control Logic CS/SHDN CLK Shift Register DOUT SPITM is a trademark of Motorola Inc. (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21293C-page 1 MCP3001 1.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS 1.1 Maximum Ratings* PIN FUNCTION TABLE Name Function VDD +2.7V to 5.5V Power Supply VSS Ground IN+ Positive Analog Input Ambient temp. with power applied .....-65C to +125C IN- Negative Analog Input ESD protection on all pins (HBM)........................> 4kV CLK Serial Clock *Notice: Stresses above those listed under "Maximum ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. DOUT Serial Data Out CS/SHDN Chip Select/Shutdown Input VREF Reference Voltage Input VDD.........................................................................7.0V All inputs and outputs w.r.t. VSS ...... -0.6V to VDD +0.6V Storage temperature ..........................-65C to +150C ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS All parameters apply at VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V, VREF = 5V, TAMB = -40C to +85C, fSAMPLE = 200 ksps and fCLK = 14*fSAMPLE, unless otherwise noted. Typical values apply for VDD = 5V, TAMB =25C, unless otherwise noted. Parameter Sym Min Typ Max Units tCONV -- -- 10 clock cycles Conditions Conversion Rate: Conversion Time Analog Input Sample Time tSAMPLE Throughput Rate fSAMPLE 1.5 -- -- clock cycles 200 75 ksps ksps VDD = VREF = 5V VDD = VREF = 2.7V DC Accuracy: Resolution 10 bits Integral Nonlinearity INL -- 0.5 1 LSB Differential Nonlinearity DNL -- 0.25 1 LSB Offset Error -- -- 1.5 LSB Gain Error -- -- 1 LSB THD -- -76 -- dB VIN = 0.1V to 4.9V@1 kHz Signal to Noise and Distortion (SINAD) SINAD -- 61 -- dB VIN = 0.1V to 4.9V@1 kHz Spurious Free Dynamic Range SFDR -- 80 -- dB VIN = 0.1V to 4.9V@1 kHz Voltage Range VREF 0.25 -- VDD V Note 2 Current Drain IREF -- 90 0.001 150 3 A A CS = VDD = 5V No missing codes over temperature Dynamic Performance: Total Harmonic Distortion Reference Input: Note 1: This parameter is guaranteed by characterization and not 100% tested. 2: See graph that relates linearity performance to VREF level. 3: Because the sample cap will eventually lose charge, clock rates below 10 kHz can affect linearity performance, especially at elevated temperatures. DS21293C-page 2 (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP3001 All parameters apply at VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V, VREF = 5V, TAMB = -40C to +85C, fSAMPLE = 200 ksps and fCLK = 14*fSAMPLE, unless otherwise noted. Typical values apply for VDD = 5V, TAMB =25C, unless otherwise noted. Parameter Sym Min Typ Max Units Specified Temperature Range TA -40 -- +85 C Operating Temperature Range TA -40 -- +85 C Storage Temperature Range TA -65 -- +150 C -- 85 -- C/W -- 163 -- C/W -- 206 -- C/W -- C/W Conditions Temperature Ranges: Thermal Package Resistance: Thermal Resistance, 8L-PDIP Thermal Resistance, 8L-SOIC Thermal Resistance, 8L-MSOP Thermal Resistance, 8L-TSSOP JA JA JA JA -- Analog Inputs: Input Voltage Range (IN+) IN+ IN- -- VREF+IN- V Input Voltage Range (IN-) IN- VSS-100 -- VSS+100 mV -- 0.001 1 A Switch Resistance RSS -- 1K -- See Figure 4-1 Sample Capacitor CSAMPLE -- 20 -- pF See Figure 4-1 VIH 0.7 VDD -- -- V Leakage Current Digital Input/Output: Data Coding Format High Level Input Voltage Straight Binary Low Level Input Voltage VIL -- -- 0.3 VDD V High Level Output Voltage VOH 4.1 -- -- V IOH = -1 mA, VDD = 4.5V Low Level Output Voltage VOL -- -- 0.4 V IOL = 1 mA, VDD = 4.5V ILI -10 -- 10 A VIN = VSS or VDD Input Leakage Current Output Leakage Current ILO -10 -- 10 A VOUT = VSS or VDD CIN, COUT -- -- 10 pF VDD = 5.0V (Note 1) TAMB = 25C, f = 1 MHz Clock Frequency fCLK -- -- 2.8 1.05 MHz MHz Clock High Time tHI 160 -- -- ns Pin Capacitance (all inputs/outputs) Timing Parameters: Clock Low Time VDD = 5V (Note 3) VDD = 2.7V (Note 3) tLO 160 -- -- ns tSUCS 100 -- -- ns CLK Fall To Output Data Valid tDO -- -- 125 200 ns ns VDD = 5V, See Figure 1-2 VDD = 2.7, See Figure 1-2 CLK Fall To Output Enable tEN -- -- 125 200 ns ns VDD = 5V, See Figure 1-2 VDD = 2.7, See Figure 1-2 CS Rise To Output Disable tDIS -- -- 100 ns See test circuits, Figure 1-2 (Note 1) CS Disable Time tCSH 350 -- -- ns DOUT Rise Time tR -- -- 100 ns See test circuits, Figure 1-2 (Note 1) DOUT Fall Time tF -- -- 100 ns See test circuits, Figure 1-2 (Note 1) CS Fall To First Rising CLK Edge Note 1: This parameter is guaranteed by characterization and not 100% tested. 2: See graph that relates linearity performance to VREF level. 3: Because the sample cap will eventually lose charge, clock rates below 10 kHz can affect linearity performance, especially at elevated temperatures. (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21293C-page 3 MCP3001 All parameters apply at VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V, VREF = 5V, TAMB = -40C to +85C, fSAMPLE = 200 ksps and fCLK = 14*fSAMPLE, unless otherwise noted. Typical values apply for VDD = 5V, TAMB =25C, unless otherwise noted. Parameter Sym Min Typ Max Units Conditions Operating Voltage VDD 2.7 -- 5.5 V Operating Current IDD -- 400 210 500 A A VDD = 5.0V, DOUT unloaded VDD = 2.7V, DOUT unloaded Standby Current IDDS -- 0.005 2 A CS = VDD = 5.0V Power Requirements: Note 1: This parameter is guaranteed by characterization and not 100% tested. 2: See graph that relates linearity performance to VREF level. 3: Because the sample cap will eventually lose charge, clock rates below 10 kHz can affect linearity performance, especially at elevated temperatures. tCSH CS tSUCS tHI tLO CLK tEN tDO tR HI-Z DOUT FIGURE 1-1: Null BIT MSB OUT tDIS tF LSB HI-Z Serial Timing. DS21293C-page 4 (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP3001 Load circuit for tDIS and tEN Load circuit for tR, tF, tDO 1.4V Test Point VDD 3 k Test Point DOUT 3 k DOUT VDD/2 tEN Waveform 30 pF CL = 30 pF tDIS Waveform 1 VSS Voltage Waveforms for tR, tF VOH VOL DOUT Voltage Waveforms for tEN CS tF tR tDIS Waveform 2 1 CLK 2 3 4 B9 DOUT tEN Voltage Waveforms for tDO Voltage Waveforms for tDIS CS CLK tDO VIH DOUT Waveform 1* 90% tDIS DOUT DOUT Waveform 2 10% * Waveform 1 is for an output with internal conditions such that the output is high, unless disabled by the output control. Waveform 2 is for an output with internal conditions such that the output is low, unless disabled by the output control. FIGURE 1-2: Test Circuits. (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21293C-page 5 MCP3001 2.0 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS Note: The graphs and tables provided following this note are a statistical summary based on a limited number of samples and are provided for informational purposes only. The performance characteristics listed herein are not tested or guaranteed. In some graphs or tables, the data presented may be outside the specified operating range (e.g., outside specified power supply range) and therefore outside the warranted range. Note: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = VREF = 5V, fSAMPLE = 200 ksps, fCLK = 14*Sample Rate, TA = 25C 0.4 0.4 Positive INL 0.2 INL (LSB) 0.2 INL (LSB) VDD = VREF = 2.7V 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.0 -0.1 Negative INL -0.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.3 -0.4 -0.4 25 50 Negative INL -0.2 -0.3 0 Positive INL 0.1 0 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 25 Sample Rate (ksps) Integral Nonlinearity (INL) vs. Sample 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 100 FIGURE 2-4: Integral Nonlinearity (INL) vs. Sample Rate (VDD = 2.7V). 1.0 VDD = VREF = 2.7V 0.8 0.6 Positive INL Negative INL fSAMPLE = 75 ksps 0.4 Positive INL 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 Negative INL -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.0 0.5 1.0 VREF (V) FIGURE 2-2: 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 VREF (V) Integral Nonlinearity (INL) vs. VREF. FIGURE 2-5: (VDD = 2.7V). Integral Nonlinearity (INL) vs. VREF 0.50 0.5 0.4 VDD = V REF = 5V 0.40 V DD = VREF = 2.7V 0.3 fSAMPLE = 200 ksps 0.30 fSAMPLE = 75 ksps 0.20 INL (LSB) 0.2 INL (LSB) 75 Sample Rate (ksps) INL (LSB) INL (LSB) FIGURE 2-1: Rate. 50 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.10 0.00 -0.10 -0.2 -0.20 -0.3 -0.30 -0.4 -0.40 -0.5 -0.50 0 128 256 384 512 640 768 896 1024 Digital Code FIGURE 2-3: Integral Nonlinearity (INL) vs. Code (Representative Part). DS21293C-page 6 0 128 256 384 512 640 768 896 1024 Digital Code FIGURE 2-6: Integral Nonlinearity (INL) vs. Code (Representative Part, VDD = 2.7V). (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP3001 Note: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = VREF = 5V, fSAMPLE = 200 ksps, fCLK = 14*Sample Rate,TA = 25C 0.4 0.4 fSAMPLE = 75 ksps Positive INL 0.2 0.2 INL (LSB) INL (LSB) VDD = VREF = 2.7V 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.0 -0.1 Negative INL 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 Positive INL 0.1 Negative INL -0.4 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 -50 -25 0 Integral Nonlinearity (INL) vs. 0.4 0.3 0.3 DNL (LSB) DNL (LSB) Positive DNL 0.0 -0.1 Negative DNL (INL) vs. Positive DNL 0.1 0.0 -0.1 Negative DNL -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 -0.4 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 0 25 Sample Rate (ksps) FIGURE 2-8: Differential Sample Rate. Nonlinearity 50 (DNL) vs. FIGURE 2-11: Differential Sample Rate (VDD = 2.7V). 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.8 Nonlinearity Positive DNL 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 100 Negative DNL -0.6 -0.8 (DNL) vs. VDD = VREF = 2.7V fSAMPLE = 75 ksps 0.6 0.4 0.2 75 Sample Rate (ksps) DNL (LSB) DNL (LSB) 100 VDD = VREF = 2.7V 0.2 0.2 -0.2 75 FIGURE 2-10: Integral Nonlinearity Temperature (VDD = 2.7V). 0.4 0.1 50 Temperature (C) Temperature (C) FIGURE 2-7: Temperature. 25 0.4 Positive DNL 0.2 0.0 -0.2 Negative DNL -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 -1.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 0.0 Differential Nonlinearity (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 VREF(V) VREF (V) FIGURE 2-9: VREF. 0.5 (DNL) vs. FIGURE 2-12: Differential Nonlinearity (DNL) vs. VREF (VDD = 2.7V). DS21293C-page 7 MCP3001 Note: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = VREF = 5V, fSAMPLE = 200 ksps, fCLK = 14*Sample Rate,TA = 25C 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 fSAMPLE = 200 ksps 0.3 0.2 DNL (LSB) DNL (LSB) 0.3 VDD = VREF = 5V 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 -0.4 -0.5 VDD = VREF = 2.7V fSAMPLE = 75 ksps -0.5 0 128 256 384 512 640 768 896 1024 0 128 256 384 Digital Code 512 640 768 896 1024 Digital Code FIGURE 2-13: Differential Nonlinearity Code (Representative Part). (DNL) vs. FIGURE 2-16: Differential Nonlinearity Code (Representative Part, VDD = 2.7V). 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 (DNL) vs. VDD = VREF = 2.7V fSAMPLE = 75 ksps Positive DNL DNL (LSB) DNL (LSB) Positive DNL 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.1 Negative DNL Negative DNL -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 -50 -25 Nonlinearity (DNL) vs. FIGURE 2-17: Differential Temperature (VDD = 2.7V). 1.0 50 75 100 Nonlinearity (DNL) vs. 8 0.8 VDD = 2.7V 0.6 7 fSAMPLE = 75 ksps Offset Error (LSB) Gain Error (LSB) 25 Temperature (C) Temperature (C) FIGURE 2-14: Differential Temperature. 0 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 VDD = 5V -0.6 fSAMPLE = 200 ksps -0.8 V DD = 5V 6 fSAMPLE = 200 ksps 5 4 V DD = 2.7V 3 fSAMPLE = 75 ksps 2 1 0 -1.0 0 1 2 3 VREF(V) FIGURE 2-15: Gain Error vs. VREF. DS21293C-page 8 4 5 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 VREF (V) FIGURE 2-18: Offset Error vs. VREF. (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP3001 Note: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = VREF = 5V, fSAMPLE = 200 ksps, fCLK = 14*Sample Rate,TA = 25C 1.0 0.0 VDD = V REF = 2.7V 0.9 V DD = V REF = 5V fSAMPLE = 75 ksps 0.8 fSAMPLE = 200 ksps Offset Error (LSB) Gain Error (LSB) 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 V DD = V REF = 5V 0.7 0.6 0.5 V DD = VREF = 2.7V 0.4 fSAMPLE = 75 ksps 0.3 0.2 0.1 fSAMPLE = 200 ksps 0.0 -0.4 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 -50 100 -25 0 FIGURE 2-19: Gain Error vs. Temperature. 60 SNR (dB) 50 fSAMPLE = 75 ksps V DD = V REF = 5V fSAMPLE = 200 ksps 20 SINAD (dB) 70 60 VDD = V REF = 2.7V 10 100 50 V DD = VREF = 2.7V 40 fSAMPLE = 75 ksps 30 VDD = V REF = 5V fSAMPLE = 200 ksps 20 10 0 0 1 10 100 1 10 Input Frequency (kHz) 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 100 Input Frequency (kHz) FIGURE 2-20: Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) vs. Input Frequency. FIGURE 2-23: Signal to Noise Ratio and Distortion (SINAD) vs. Input Frequency. 80 70 V DD = VREF = 2.7V V DD = VREF = 5V fSAMPLE = 75 ksps fSAMPLE = 200 ksps -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 SINAD (dB) THD (dB) 75 FIGURE 2-22: Offset Error vs. Temperature. 70 30 50 Temperature (C) Temperature (C) 40 25 60 VDD = VREF = 5V 50 fSAMPLE = 200 ksps 40 30 20 VDD = VREF = 2.7V 10 fSAMPLE = 75 ksps 0 1 10 100 Input Frequency (kHz) FIGURE 2-21: Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) vs. Input Frequency. (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 Input Signal Level (dB) FIGURE 2-24: Signal to Noise (SINAD) vs. Input Signal Level. and Distortion DS21293C-page 9 MCP3001 Note: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = VREF = 5V, fSAMPLE = 200 ksps, fCLK = 14*Sample Rate,TA = 25C 10.0 9.9 ENOB (rms) ENOB (rms) 9.8 9.7 V DD = VREF = 5V 9.6 VDD = V REF = 2.7V 9.5 fSAMPLE = 200 ksps fSAMPLE = 75 ksps 9.4 9.3 9.2 9.1 9.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 10.0 9.8 9.6 9.4 9.2 VDD = VREF = 5V fSAMPLE = 200 ksps 9.0 8.8 8.6 8.4 8.2 8.0 VDD = VREF = 2.7V fSAMPLE = 75 ksps 1 5.0 10 Input Frequency (kHz) VREF (V) V DD = V REF = 5V fSAMPLE = 200 ksps 50 40 30 20 10 0 V DD = V REF = 2.7V fSAMPLE = 75 ksps 1 10 FIGURE 2-28: Effective Number of Bits (ENOB) vs. Input Frequency. Power Supply Rejection (dB) SFDR (dB) FIGURE 2-25: Effective Number of Bits (ENOB) vs. VREF. 100 90 80 70 60 0 -10 VDD = VREF = 5V -20 fSAMPLE = 200 ksps -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 1 10 Dynamic Range fSAMPLE = 200 ksps fINPUT = 10.0097 kHz 4096 points 40000 60000 80000 100000 Frequency (Hz) FIGURE 2-27: Frequency Spectrum of 10 kHz Input (Representative Part). DS21293C-page 10 10000 FIGURE 2-29: Power Supply Rejection (PSR) vs. Ripple Frequency. VDD = VREF = 5V 20000 1000 Ripple Frequency (kHz) Amplitude (dB) Amplitude (dB) FIGURE 2-26: Spurious Free (SFDR) vs. Input Frequency. 0 100 100 Input Frequency (kHz) 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 -130 100 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 -130 VDD = VREF = 2.7V fSAMPLE = 75 ksps fINPUT = 1.00708 kHz 4096 points 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 Frequency (Hz) FIGURE 2-30: Frequency Spectrum of 1 kHz Input (Representative Part, VDD = 2.7V). (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP3001 Note: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = VREF = 5V, fSAMPLE = 200 ksps, fCLK = 14*Sample Rate,TA = 25C 500 450 400 IREF (A) IDD (A) 350 300 250 200 150 VREF = V DD 100 All points at fCLK = 2.8 MHz except 50 at VREF = VDD = 2.5V, fCLK =1.05 MHz 0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 VREF = VDD All points at fCLK = 2.8 MHz except at VREF = VDD = 2.5V, fCLK = 1.05 MHz 2.0 6.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 VDD (V) FIGURE 2-31: IDD vs. VDD. 450 400 IREF (A) IDD (A) 350 VDD = VREF = 5V 250 200 150 VDD = VREF = 2.7V 100 50 0 10 100 1000 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 10000 10 100 IREF (A) IDD (A) 10000 VDD = V REF = 5V 100 90 80 fCLK = 2.8 MHz fCLK = 2.8 MHz 70 60 50 40 30 20 V DD = VREF = 2.7V fCLK = 1.05 MHz 0 1000 FIGURE 2-35: IREF vs. Clock Frequency. VDD = V REF = 5V -25 6.0 VDD = VREF = 2.7V 120 110 -50 5.5 Clock Frequency (kHz) FIGURE 2-32: IDD vs. Clock Frequency. 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 5.0 V DD = VREF = 5V Clock Frequency (kHz) 600 550 500 450 400 350 4.5 FIGURE 2-34: IREF vs. VDD. 500 300 4.0 VDD (V) V DD = V REF = 2.7V fCLK = 1.05 MHz 10 0 25 50 Temperature (C) FIGURE 2-33: IDD vs. Temperature. (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. 75 100 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 Temperature (C) FIGURE 2-36: IREF vs. Temperature. DS21293C-page 11 MCP3001 Note: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = VREF = 5V, fSAMPLE = 200 ksps, fCLK = 14*Sample Rate,TA = 25C 60 2.0 Analog Input Leakage (nA) VREF = CS = VDD 50 IDDS (pA) 40 30 20 10 0 1.8 V DD = V REF = 5V 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 -50 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 -25 0 25 50 75 100 6.0 Temperature (C) V DD (V) FIGURE 2-39: Analog Input Leakage Current vs. Temperature. FIGURE 2-37: IDDS vs. VDD. 100.00 VDD = VREF = CS = 5V IDDS (nA) 10.00 1.00 0.10 0.01 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 Temperature (C) FIGURE 2-38: IDDS vs. Temperature. DS21293C-page 12 (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP3001 3.0 PIN DESCRIPTIONS 3.1 IN+ Positive analog input. This input can vary from IN- to VREF + IN-. 3.2 IN- Negative analog input. This input can vary 100 mV from VSS. 3.3 CS/SHDN(Chip Select/Shutdown) The CS/SHDN pin is used to initiate communication with the device when pulled low and will end a conversion and put the device in low power standby when pulled high. The CS/SHDN pin must be pulled high between conversions. 3.4 CLK (Serial Clock) The SPI clock pin is used to initiate a conversion and to clock out each bit of the conversion as it takes place. See Section 6.2 for constraints on clock speed. 3.5 DOUT (Serial Data output) In this diagram, it is shown that the source impedance (RS) adds to the internal sampling switch, (RSS) impedance, directly affecting the time that is required to charge the capacitor, CSAMPLE. Consequently, a larger source impedance increases the offset, gain, and integral linearity errors of the conversion. Ideally, the impedance of the signal source should be near zero. This is achievable with an operational amplifier such as the MCP601, which has a closed loop output impedance of tens of ohms. The adverse affects of higher source impedances are shown in Figure 4-2. If the voltage level of IN+ is equal to or less than IN-, the resultant code will be 000h. If the voltage at IN+ is equal to or greater than {[VREF + (IN-)] - 1 LSB}, then the output code will be 3FFh. If the voltage level at IN- is more than 1 LSB below VSS, then the voltage level at the IN+ input will have to go below VSS to see the 000h output code. Conversely, if IN- is more than 1 LSB above Vss, then the 3FFh code will not be seen unless the IN+ input level goes above VREF level. 4.2 Reference Input The reference input (VREF) determines the analog input voltage range and the LSB size, as shown below. The SPI serial data output pin is used to shift out the results of the A/D conversion. Data will always change on the falling edge of each clock as the conversion takes place. 4.0 DEVICE OPERATION The MCP3001 A/D converter employs a conventional SAR architecture. With this architecture, a sample is acquired on an internal sample/hold capacitor for 1.5 clock cycles starting on the first rising edge of the serial clock after CS has been pulled low. Following this sample time, the input switch of the converter opens and the device uses the collected charge on the internal sample and hold capacitor to produce a serial 10-bit digital output code. Conversion rates of 200 ksps are possible on the MCP3001. See Section 6.2 for information on minimum clock rates. Communication with the device is done using a 3-wire SPI-compatible interface. 4.1 V REF LSB Size = ------------1024 As the reference input is reduced, the LSB size is reduced accordingly. The theoretical digital output code produced by the A/D Converter is a function of the analog input signal and the reference input as shown below. 1024*VIN Digital Output Code = -----------------------V REF Analog Inputs The MCP3001 provides a single pseudo-differential input. The IN+ input can range from IN- to (VREF +IN-). The IN- input is limited to 100 mV from the VSS rail. The IN- input can be used to cancel small signal common-mode noise which is present on both the IN+ and IN- inputs. For the A/D Converter to meet specification, the charge holding capacitor, CSAMPLE must be given enough time to acquire a 10-bit accurate voltage level during the 1.5 clock cycle sampling period. The analog input model is shown in Figure 4-1. (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. where: VIN = analog input voltage = V(IN+) - V(IN-) VREF = reference voltage When using an external voltage reference device, the system designer should always refer to the manufacturer's recommendations for circuit layout. Any instability in the operation of the reference device will have a direct effect on the operation of the ADC. DS21293C-page 13 MCP3001 VDD RSS Sampling Switch VT = 0.6V CHx CPIN 7 pF VA VT = 0.6V SS ILEAKAGE 1 nA RS = 1 k CSAMPLE = DAC capacitance = 20 pF VSS Legend VA RSS CHx CPIN VT ILEAKAGE SS RS CSAMPLE FIGURE 4-1: = = = = = = signal source source impedance input channel pad input pin capacitance threshold voltage leakage current at the pin due to various junctions sampling switch sampling switch resistor sample/hold capacitance = = = Analog Input Model. Clock Frequency (MHz) 4.0 3.5 V DD = VREF = 5V 3.0 fSAMPLE = 200 ksps 2.5 2.0 1.5 V DD = V REF = 2.7V fSAMPLE = 75 ksps 1.0 0.5 0.0 100 1000 10000 Input Resistance (Ohms) FIGURE 4-2: Maximum Clock Frequency vs. Input Resistance (RS) to maintain less than a 0.1LSB deviation in INL from nominal conditions. DS21293C-page 14 (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP3001 5.0 SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS Communication with the device is done using a standard SPI compatible serial interface. Initiating communication with the MCP3001 begins with the CS going low. If the device was powered up with the CS pin low, it must be brought high and back low to initiate communication. The device will begin to sample the analog input on the first rising edge after CS goes low. The sample period will end in the falling edge of the second clock, at which time the device will output a low null bit. The next 10 clocks will output the result of the conversion with MSB first, as shown in Figure 5-1. Data is always output from the device on the falling edge of the clock. If all 10 data bits have been transmitted and the device continues to receive clocks while the CS is held low, the device will output the conversion result LSB first, as shown in Figure 5-2. If more clocks are provided to the device while CS is still low (after the LSB first data has been transmitted), the device will clock out zeros indefinitely. If it is desired, the CS can be raised to end the conversion period at any time during the transmission. Faster conversion rates can be obtained by using this technique if not all the bits are captured before starting a new cycle. Some system designers use this method by capturing only the highest order 8 bits and `throwing away' the lower 2 bits. tCYC tCSH CS Power Down tSUCS CLK DOUT tDATA** tCONV tSAMPLE NULL HI-Z BIT B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0* HI-Z NULL BIT B9 B8 B7 B6 * After completing the data transfer, if further clocks are applied with CS low, the ADC will output LSB first data, followed by zeros indefinitely. See Figure below. ** tDATA: during this time, the bias current and the comparator powers down and the reference input becomes a high impedance node. FIGURE 5-1: Communication with MCP3001 (MSB first Format). tCYC tCSH CS tSUCS Power Down CLK tSAMPLE DOUT HI-Z tCONV tDATA** NULL BIT B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 HI-Z * After completing the data transfer, if further clocks are applied with CS low, the ADC will output zeros indefinitely. ** tDATA: during this time, the bias current and the comparator powers down and the reference input becomes a high impedance node leaving the CLK running to clock out the LSB-first data or zeros. FIGURE 5-2: Communication with MCP3001 (LSB first Format). (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21293C-page 15 MCP3001 6.0 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION 6.1 Using the MCP3001 with Microcontroller SPI Ports ler's receive buffer will contain two unknown bits (the output is at high impedance for the first two clocks), the null bit and the highest order five bits of the conversion. After the second eight clocks have been sent to the device, the MCU receive register will contain the lowest order five bits and the B1-B4 bits repeated as the ADC has begun to shift out LSB first data with the extra clocks. Typical procedure would then call for the lower order byte of data to be shifted right by three bits to remove the extra B1-B4 bits. The B9-B5 bits are then rotated 3 bits to the right with B7-B5 rotating from the high order byte to the lower order byte. Easier manipulation of the converted data can be obtained by using this method. With most microcontroller SPI ports, it is required to clock out eight bits at a time. If this is the case, it will be necessary to provide more clocks than are required for the MCP3001. As an example, Figure 6-1 and Figure 6-2 show how the MCP3001 can be interfaced to a microcontroller with a standard SPI port. Since the MCP3001 always clocks data out on the falling edge of clock, the MCU SPI port must be configured to match this operation. SPI Mode 0,0 (clock idles low) and SPI Mode 1,1 (clock idles high) are both compatible with the MCP3001. Figure 6-1 depicts the operation shown in SPI Mode 0,0, which requires that the CLK from the microcontroller idles in the `low' state. As shown in the diagram, the MSB is clocked out of the ADC on the falling edge of the third clock pulse. After the first eight clocks have been sent to the device, the microcontrol- Figure 6-2 shows SPI Mode 1,1 communication which requires that the clock idles in the high state. As with mode 0,0, the ADC outputs data on the falling edge of the clock and the MCU latches data from the ADC in on the rising edge of the clock. CS MCU latches data from ADC on rising edges of SCLK 1 CLK 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Data is clocked out of ADC on falling edges DOUT HI-Z NULL B9 BIT B8 B7 B6 B4 B5 B3 B2 B1 B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 HI-Z LSB first data begins to come out ? ? 0 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 Data stored into MCU receive register after transmission of first 8 bits FIGURE 6-1: B3 B2 B1 B0 B1 B2 B3 Data stored into MCU receive register after transmission of second 8 bits SPI Communication with the MCP3001 using 8-bit segments (Mode 0,0: SCLK idles low). CS MCU latches data from ADC on rising edges of SCLK 1 CLK 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Data is clocked out of ADC on falling edges DOUT HI-Z NULL B9 BIT B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 B1 B2 B3 HI-Z LSB first data begins to come out ? ? 0 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 Data stored into MCU receive register after transmission of first 8 bits FIGURE 6-2: B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 B1 B2 B3 Data stored into MCU receive register after transmission of second 8 bits SPI Communication with the MCP3001 using 8-bit segments (Mode 1,1: SCLK idles high). DS21293C-page 16 (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP3001 6.2 Maintaining Minimum Clock Speed When the MCP3001 initiates the sample period, charge is stored on the sample capacitor. When the sample period is complete, the device converts one bit for each clock that is received. It is important for the user to note that a slow clock rate will allow charge to bleed off the sample cap while the conversion is taking place. At 85C (worst case condition), the part will maintain proper charge on the sample cap for 700 s at VDD = 2.7V and 1.5 ms at VDD = 5V. This means that at VDD = 2.7V, the time it takes to transmit the first 14 clocks must not exceed 700 s. Failure to meet this criterion may induce linearity errors into the conversion outside the rated specifications. 6.3 Buffering/Filtering the Analog Inputs If the signal source for the ADC is not a low impedance source, it will have to be buffered or inaccurate conversion results may occur. See Figure 4-2. It is also recommended that a filter be used to eliminate any signals that may be aliased back into the conversion results. This is illustrated in Figure 6-3 where an op amp is used to drive, filter and gain the analog input of the MCP3001. This amplifier provides a low impedance source for the converter input and a low pass filter, which eliminates unwanted high frequency noise. Low pass (anti-aliasing) filters can be designed using Microchip's interactive FilterLabTM software. FilterLab will calculate capacitor and resistor values, as well as determine the number of poles that are required for the application. For more information on filtering signals, see the application note AN699 "Anti-Aliasing Analog Filters for Data Acquisition Systems." 6.4 Layout Considerations When laying out a printed circuit board for use with analog components, care should be taken to reduce noise wherever possible. A bypass capacitor should always be used with this device and should be placed as close as possible to the device pin. A bypass capacitor value of 1 F is recommended. Digital and analog traces should be separated as much as possible on the board and no traces should run underneath the device or the bypass capacitor. Extra precautions should be taken to keep traces with high frequency signals (such as clock lines) as far as possible from analog traces. Use of an analog ground plane is recommended in order to keep the ground potential the same for all devices on the board. Providing VDD connections to devices in a "star" configuration can also reduce noise by eliminating current return paths and associated errors. See Figure 6-4. For more information on layout tips when using ADC, refer to AN-688 "Layout Tips for 12-Bit A/D Converter Applications". VDD Connection Device 4 Device 1 VDD 4.096V Reference 0.1 F Device 3 10 F Device 2 10 F MCP1541 CL 1 F VREF IN+ FIGURE 6-4: VDD traces arranged in a `Star' configuration in order to reduce errors caused by current return paths. MCP3001 VIN R1 C1 MCP601 IN- + R2 - C2 R3 R4 FIGURE 6-3: The MCP601 operational amplifier is used to implement a 2nd order anti-aliasing filter for the signal being converted by the MCP3001. (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21293C-page 17 MCP3001 7.0 PACKAGING INFORMATION 7.1 Package Marking Information 8-Lead PDIP (300 mil) XXXXXXXX XXXXXNNN YYWW Example: MCP3001 I/PNNN e3 0736 8-Lead SOIC (150 mil) Example: MCP3001 ISN e3 0736 XXXXXXXX XXXXYYWW NNN NNN Example: 8-Lead MSOP 3001I e3 XXXXXX YWWNNN 725NNN Example: 8-Lead TSSOP XXXX 3001 e3 YYWW 0716 NNN NNN Legend: XX...X Y YY WW NNN e3 * Note: DS21293C-page 18 Customer-specific information Year code (last digit of calendar year) Year code (last 2 digits of calendar year) Week code (week of January 1 is week `01') Alphanumeric traceability code Pb-free JEDEC designator for Matte Tin (Sn) This package is Pb-free. The Pb-free JEDEC designator ( e3 ) can be found on the outer packaging for this package. In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will be carried over to the next line, thus limiting the number of available characters for customer-specific information. (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP3001 8-Lead Plastic Dual In-Line (P) - 300 mil Body [PDIP] Note: For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging N NOTE 1 E1 1 3 2 D E A2 A L A1 c e eB b1 b Units Dimension Limits Number of Pins INCHES MIN N NOM MAX 8 Pitch e Top to Seating Plane A - - .210 Molded Package Thickness A2 .115 .130 .195 Base to Seating Plane A1 .015 - - Shoulder to Shoulder Width E .290 .310 .325 Molded Package Width E1 .240 .250 .280 Overall Length D .348 .365 .400 Tip to Seating Plane L .115 .130 .150 Lead Thickness c .008 .010 .015 b1 .040 .060 .070 b .014 .018 .022 eB - - Upper Lead Width Lower Lead Width Overall Row Spacing .100 BSC .430 Notes: 1. Pin 1 visual index feature may vary, but must be located with the hatched area. 2. Significant Characteristic. 3. Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed .010" per side. 4. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ASME Y14.5M. BSC: Basic Dimension. Theoretically exact value shown without tolerances. Microchip Technology Drawing C04-018B (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21293C-page 19 MCP3001 8-Lead Plastic Small Outline (SN) - Narrow, 3.90 mm Body [SOIC] Note: For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging D e N E E1 NOTE 1 1 2 3 h b h A2 A c L A1 L1 Units Dimension Limits Number of Pins MILLMETERS MIN N NOM MAX 8 Pitch e Overall Height A - 1.27 BSC - Molded Package Thickness A2 1.25 - - Standoff A1 0.10 - 0.25 Overall Width E Molded Package Width E1 3.90 BSC Overall Length D 4.90 BSC 1.75 6.00 BSC Chamfer (optional) h 0.25 - 0.50 Foot Length L 0.40 - 1.27 Footprint L1 1.04 REF Foot Angle 0 - 8 Lead Thickness c 0.17 - 0.25 Lead Width b 0.31 - 0.51 Mold Draft Angle Top 5 - 15 Mold Draft Angle Bottom 5 - 15 Notes: 1. Pin 1 visual index feature may vary, but must be located within the hatched area. 2. Significant Characteristic. 3. Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed 0.15 mm per side. 4. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ASME Y14.5M. BSC: Basic Dimension. Theoretically exact value shown without tolerances. REF: Reference Dimension, usually without tolerance, for information purposes only. Microchip Technology Drawing C04-057B DS21293C-page 20 (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP3001 8-Lead Plastic Micro Small Outline Package (MS) [MSOP] Note: For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging D N E E1 NOTE 1 1 2 e b A2 A c L L1 A1 Units Dimension Limits Number of Pins MILLIMETERS MIN N NOM MAX 8 Pitch e Overall Height A - 0.65 BSC - Molded Package Thickness A2 0.75 0.85 0.95 Standoff A1 0.00 - 0.15 Overall Width E Molded Package Width E1 3.00 BSC Overall Length D 3.00 BSC Foot Length L Footprint L1 1.10 4.90 BSC 0.40 0.60 0.80 0.95 REF Foot Angle 0 - 8 Lead Thickness c 0.08 - 0.23 Lead Width b 0.22 - 0.40 Notes: 1. Pin 1 visual index feature may vary, but must be located within the hatched area. 2. Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed 0.15 mm per side. 3. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ASME Y14.5M. BSC: Basic Dimension. Theoretically exact value shown without tolerances. REF: Reference Dimension, usually without tolerance, for information purposes only. Microchip Technology Drawing C04-111B (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21293C-page 21 MCP3001 8-Lead Plastic Thin Shrink Small Outline (ST) - 4.4 mm Body [TSSOP] Note: For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging D N E E1 NOTE 1 1 2 b e c A A2 A1 L L1 Units Dimension Limits Number of Pins MILLIMETERS MIN N NOM MAX 8 Pitch e Overall Height A - 0.65 BSC - Molded Package Thickness A2 0.80 1.00 1.05 Standoff A1 0.05 - 0.15 1.20 Overall Width E Molded Package Width E1 4.30 6.40 BSC 4.40 Molded Package Length D 2.90 3.00 3.10 Foot Length L 0.45 0.60 0.75 Footprint L1 4.50 1.00 REF Foot Angle 0 - 8 Lead Thickness c 0.09 - 0.20 Lead Width b 0.19 - 0.30 Notes: 1. Pin 1 visual index feature may vary, but must be located within the hatched area. 2. Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed 0.15 mm per side. 3. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ASME Y14.5M. BSC: Basic Dimension. Theoretically exact value shown without tolerances. REF: Reference Dimension, usually without tolerance, for information purposes only. Microchip Technology Drawing C04-086B DS21293C-page 22 (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP3001 APPENDIX A: REVISION HISTORY Revision C (January 2007) This revision includes updates to the packaging diagrams. (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21293C-page 23 NOTES: DS21293C-page 24 (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP3001 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office. PART NO. Device Device: X /XX Temperature Range Package MCP3001: 10-Bit Serial A/D Converter MCP3001T: 10-Bit Serial A/D Converter (Tape and Reel) (SOIC and TSSOP only) Temperature Range: I = -40C to +85C Package: P SN MS ST = = = = Examples: a) MCP3001-I/P: Industrial Temperature, PDIP package. b) MCP3001-I/SN: Industrial Temperature, SOIC package. c) MCP3001-I/ST: Industrial Temperature, TSSOP package. d) MCP3001-I/MS: Industrial Temperature, MSOP package. Plastic DIP (300 mil Body), 8-lead Plastic SOIC (150 mil Body), 8-lead Plastic Micro Small Outline (MSOP), 8-lead Plastic TSSOP (4.4 mm), 8-lead (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21293C-page25 MCP3001 NOTES: DS21293C-page26 (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices: * Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet. * Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions. * There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip's Data Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property. * Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code. * Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as "unbreakable." Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our products. Attempts to break Microchip's code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act. Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is provided only for your convenience and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. MICROCHIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WRITTEN OR ORAL, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, RELATED TO THE INFORMATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS CONDITION, QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR PURPOSE. Microchip disclaims all liability arising from this information and its use. Use of Microchip devices in life support and/or safety applications is entirely at the buyer's risk, and the buyer agrees to defend, indemnify and hold harmless Microchip from any and all damages, claims, suits, or expenses resulting from such use. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any Microchip intellectual property rights. Trademarks The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, Accuron, dsPIC, KEELOQ, microID, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART, PRO MATE, PowerSmart, rfPIC, and SmartShunt are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. AmpLab, FilterLab, Migratable Memory, MXDEV, MXLAB, SEEVAL, SmartSensor and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, CodeGuard, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, ECAN, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, FlexROM, fuzzyLAB, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, ICEPIC, Linear Active Thermistor, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPLIB, MPLINK, PICkit, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICLAB, PICtail, PowerCal, PowerInfo, PowerMate, PowerTool, REAL ICE, rfLAB, rfPICDEM, Select Mode, Smart Serial, SmartTel, Total Endurance, UNI/O, WiperLock and ZENA are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. (c) 2007, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the U.S.A., All Rights Reserved. Printed on recycled paper. Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2002 certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe, Arizona, Gresham, Oregon and Mountain View, California. The Company's quality system processes and procedures are for its PIC(R) MCUs and dsPIC DSCs, KEELOQ(R) code hopping devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and analog products. In addition, Microchip's quality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified. (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. 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