5.0 VOLT ULTRA LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR ZLDO500 ISSUE 2 - JULY 1997 DEVICE DESCRIPTION FEATURES The ZLDO Series low dropout linear regulators operate with an exceptionally low dropout voltage, typically only 30mV with a load current of 100mA. The regulator series features output voltages in the range 2.7 to 18 volts, this device provides an output voltage of 5.0 volts. * * * * * * * * * * * The ZLDO500 consumes a typical quiescent current of only 1mA at its maximum rated output current of 300mA. A battery low flag is available to indicate potential power fail situations. If the input voltage falls to within 200mV of the regulated output voltage then the error output pulls low. The device also features an active high disable control. Once disabled the ZLDO quiescent current falls to typically 11A. Very low dropout voltage 6mV dropout at 10mA output 30mV dropout at 100mA output 100mV dropout at 300mA output 5.0 volt fixed output Other voltages available Low quiescent current 1mA quiescent at 300mA output Low battery flag Shutdown control Surface mount package APPLICATIONS * * * * * The ZLDO devices are packaged in Zetex SM8 8 pin small outline surface mount package, ideal for applications where space saving is important. The device low dropout voltage, low quiescent current and small size make it ideal for low power and battery powered applications. Battery powered circuits can make particular use of the low battery flag and shutdown features. Battery powered devices Portable instruments Portable communications Laptop/Palmtop computers Electronic organisers Low Battery Flag Vin LOW BATTERY COMPARATOR THERMAL SHUTDOWN Vo OUTPUT DRIVE BIAS Shutdown Control CIRCUIT Cs SHUTDOWN BANDGAP REFERENCE Shaping Gnd 4-80 ZLDO500 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATING Input Supply Voltage Range Shutdown Input Voltage Range Low Battery Output Voltage Range Output Current Operating Temperature Storage Temperature Power Dissipation (Tamb=25C) -0.3 to 20V -0.3 to Vin -0.3 to 20V 300mA -40 to 85C -55 to 150C 2W (Note 1) ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS TEST CONDITIONS (Unless otherwise stated) Tamb =25C,IL=10mA,Cs=10pF,Cout =1F Parameter SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN Output voltage Vo Vin=6.0V 4.9 Vo Output voltage temperature coefficient T TYP MAX UNITS 5.0 5.1 V Vin=6.0V (Note 2, Note 4) 100 250 ppm/C Line regulation Vo Vin=6.0 to 20V 20 70 mV Load regulation Vo IL=10 to 300mA Vin=6V 70 123 mV Dropout voltage (Note3) Vin-Vo IL=10mA IL=100mA IL=300mA 6 30 100 10 75 200 mV Quiescent current Iq Vin=6.0V, IL=0 0.63 1 mA Quiescent current at shutdown Iqs Vin=6.0V, IL=0, Vshdn=Vin 11 30 A Shutdown control input Iins current Vshdn=Vin=6.0V 2 10 A Shutdown control threshold voltage Vin=6.0V low(on) high(off) 0.4 V 100 nA Vts 1.5 Output current in shutdown mode (Note4) ILs Vin=20V Vo=Gnd 50 Output noise voltage (Note4) en Vin=6.0V f=10Hz to100kHz, IL=100mA 190 Low battery detect voltage Vin(bld) Low battery flag output voltage Vbl Ibl=100A, Vin<Vo+200mV Low battery flag leakage current Ibl Vbl=6V, Vin>Vo+400mV VO + 0.2V 4-81 V RMS VO + 0.4V V 0.16 0.4 V 0.1 1 A ZLDO500 NOTES. 1. Maximum power dissipation of the device is calculated assuming the package is mounted on a PCB measuring 2 inches square. 2 Output voltage temperature coefficient is calculated as:- VO change x 1000000 VO x temperature change 3. Dropout voltage is defined as the input to output voltage differential at which the circuit ceases to regulate. The value is measured when the output voltage has dropped by 100mV from Vout measured at the nominal input Vin = Vout + 1V 4. Guaranteed by design. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION impending battery failure, whilst a shutdown function reduces quiescent current to a mere 11A (typ). A precision bandgap reference gives 2.5% output tolerance and good temperature characteristics over the range -40 to +85C. AC performance is enhanced via the use of a small external capacitor. The ZLDO is a high performance, ultra low dropout, low quiescent regulator. Available in SM8 surface mount packaging, the device is able to dissipate 2W(note 1) allowing complete design flexibility with an input span upto 20V and 300mA output current. The device quiescent is 1mA (typ) at 300mA load current. A low battery comparator signifies PIN DEFINITIONS Pin 1 LBF - Low Battery Flag. An open collector NPN output which pulls low on failing input supply. Pin 2 SC - Shutdown Control. This high impedance logic compatible input disables the regulator when taken high. It includes a diode wired to Vin and so will pass current if taken more than 0.5V above Vin. Pin 3 Vin - Voltage Input. The power supply to the regulator. The permissible input voltage range is -0.3 to 20V. An input capacitor is not mandatory but will be useful in reducing the coupling of noise from input to output and minimising the effect of sudden changes in load current on the input voltage. Pin 4 N/C - Not Connected. Not internally connected and so can be left open or wired to any pin without affecting the performance of the regulator. Pin 5 Vout - Voltage Output. The output of the regulator. An output capacitor of 1uF or greater and having low ESR should be wired in close proximity to the regulator to ensure stability for all loads. Pin 6 D/C - Do Not Connect. This pin is wired to an internal circuit node of the regulator. No external connection should be made to this pin. Pin 7 Gnd - Ground. The ground connection of the regulator against which the output voltage is referenced. Pin 8 Spg - Shaping. The shaping node for the error amplifier of the regulator. A capacitor of 10pF wired from this pin to the output pin (pin 5) gives optimum stability. Improved AC can be achieved by reducing the value of this capacitor but stability may be impaired for some load conditions. 4-82 ZLDO500 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS C(out) =1F C(out)=1F 45 1800 40 1600 1400 Ripple Rejection (dB) Output Impedance (m ) 2000 10pF 4.7pF 2.2pF 1200 1000 800 600 400 35 10pF 4.7pF 2.2pF 30 25 20 15 10 200 5 0 100 1K 10K 100K 100 1K Output Impedance vs. Frequency 5.04 720 V(in)=7V V(in)=7V Quiescent Current (A) 700 5.02 Output Voltage (V) 100K Ripple Rejection vs. Frequency Io=10mA 5.03 10K Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz) 5.01 5.00 4.99 4.98 680 660 640 620 600 580 560 540 4.97 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 -40 -20 Temperature ( C) 0 20 40 60 80 100 Temperature ( C) Output Voltage Temperature Coefficient 18 Quiescent Current vs. Temperature 5.28 V(in)=7V V(in)=7V L.B.F. Operation Voltage (V) Shutdown Current (A) Io=10mA 16 14 12 10 8 6 -40 5.27 5.26 5.25 5.24 5.23 5.22 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 -40 Temperature ( C) -20 0 20 40 60 80 Temperature ( C) Shutdown Current vs. Temperature Low Battery Flag Operating Point 4-83 100 ZLDO500 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS 220 Output Voltage Deviation (V) V(in)= 7V Dropout Voltage (mV) 200 180 160 140 120 85 C 25 C -40 C 100 80 60 40 20 Io= 100mA V(in)= 12V V(in)= 7V 1 Output Voltage Deviation 0 -1 0 0.1 1.0 10 100 0 1000 200 400 600 800 1000 Time (s) Load Current (mA) Dropout Voltage vs. Load Current Line Transient Response SINGLE PULSE TEST T amb = 25 C DC 1s 0.1s 10ms (A) Io= 100mA Io= 0mA Load Current Output Voltage Deviation (V) 1.0 V(in)= 7V 0.5 Output Voltage Deviation 0 DC 0.1 -0.5 0.01 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1 2 5 10 20 Input-Output Differential Voltage (V) Time (s) Safe Operating Area Load Transient Response Operation in shaded area is not guaranteed 4-84 ZLDO500 APPLICATIONS 1). Operation From A Low Voltage Battery Pack Fig.1 shows the ZLDO500 regulator being used to stabilise the output of a 6V battery pack. The ultra low dropout voltage of only 100mV at full load (300mA) given by the regulator allows the minimum number of cells to be used in the pack and also maximises the energy that can be removed from the battery before the output of the ZLDO500 LBF Spg SC Gnd Vin D/C C1 10pF +5V N/C Vout 6V C3 100nF C2 1uF Output 0V Figure 1 regulator starts to fail. At a load current of 100mA the dropout voltage falls to around 30mV. The endurance of the battery pack is not only dependent on dropout voltage. When operating, some low dropout regulators can consume high quiescent currents, sometimes approaching as much as a tenth of their maximum load current specification when approaching Voltage Feedback dropout conditions. Despite its 300mA output rating, when enabled the ZLDO500 consumes typically only 630uA regulating normally and 3mA when the input falls too low for regulation. 2). Post Converter Regulation A common problem with multiple output switch mode converters is that only one output can be used in the feedback control loop of the switching regulator. Thus only one output is fully regulated. All other outputs are prone to tracking errors that occur if the load on any output change significantly. By ensuring close coupling of all transformer windings and minimising the impedance of all outputs, these errors can be reduced but never eliminated. A simple way round this problem is to wind the switching regulator transformer to give a slightly higher voltage than required and regulate down from this to the desired voltage with a linear regulator. This is indicated in Figure 2. To keep losses low and so maintain the advantages of a switch mode supply, it is important that the voltage drop across this regulator is kept as low as possible, i.e. just high enough to compensate for the poor output impedance of the switching power supply but no higher. The low dropout D1 + 12V Out TR1 Switching Regulator C4 220uF D2 ZLDO500 LBF Spg SC Gnd Vin D/C C1 10pF + 5.0V Out N/C Vout C5 C2 1uF 220uF Figure 2 0V Out 4-85 ZLDO500 APPLICATIONS voltage of the ZLDO500 allows this circuit technique to be implemented very effectively, giving a highly stable and accurate low noise supply. be taken to a voltage higher than Vin if low quiescent supply current is important. The shutdown control is a high impedance input and so if not required, should be wired to the ground pin (pin 7). 3). Logic Controlled Power Supply 4). Over Temperature Shutdown Figure 3 shows all that is necessary to allow a microprocessor to control a power supply based on the ZLDO500 The Shutdown Control pin (pin 2), is a logic compatible input that disables the regulator when a voltage in The ZLDO500 regulator includes an over temperature shutdown circuit that disables the regulator if its chip temperature should exceed 125C for any reason. Although +6.7V to 20V Vin Vout IC2 ZLDO500 Gnd IC1 ZSR500 LBF Spg Microproc. System SC Gnd Vin D/C Supply Input N/C Vout C3 100nF Figure 3 +5V C2 1uF 0V 0V excess of 1.5V is applied. The current required to drive this input is less than 10A. When the regulator is shutdown in this way, the quiescent current of the ZLDO500 falls to around 11A. This makes the regulator suitable for a wide range of battery powered applications where intermittent operation occurs. The shutdown control pin should not C1 10pF intended to provide a limited guard against excessive internal power dissipation, this circuit will shut down the regulator if its ambient rises above 125C. Thus, the regulator could be used to disable a circuit in the event of the ambient temperature within which the circuit is mounted becoming too high. Any internal power dissipation caused as a result of supplying load current, will reduce the ambient temperature at which shutdown occurs. Note that to achieve the extremely low dropout voltage and high current performance provided by the 4-86 ZLDO500 APPLICATIONS ZLDO500 devices, the parts can be damaged by sustained output shorts or excessive loads when combined with high input supply voltages. To ensure reliable operation, keep loads within the SOA graph boundaries Indicated in the typical characteristics. 5). Low Battery Flag The ZLDO500 provides an output called Low Battery Flag (LBF). Unlike many regulators that only signal that they are falling out of regulation, the LBF output of the ZLDO500 series indicates that the voltage drop across the regulator has fallen to less than typically 300mV and so supply failure is imminent. This improved warning gives both more time for the system supplied to shutdown gracefully and maintains regulation while this happens. This could be a vital point if measurements are under way and must be ZLDO500 LBF Spg SC Gnd Vin D/C C1 10pF + 5V N/C Vout 6V C3 100nF C2 1uF R1 100k Microproc. System 0V Figure 4 4-87 Interrupt Input ZLDO500 CONNECTION DIAGRAM SM8 Package Suffix - T8 Top View - Pin 6 must be left floating SEE PIN DEFINITIONS ORDERING INFORMATION Part Number Package Part Mark ZLDO500T8 SM8 ZLDO500 4-88