ZXBM1016ST20TA - Zetex Semiconductors

Issue 1 - February 2007 1 www.zetex.com

ZXBM1016

High efficiency variable speed single-phase fan motor controller

Description

Ordering information - TSSOP20

Device marking

ZETEX

ZXBM1016

Date code

The ZXBM1016 is a high efficiency, low noise,

single-phase, DC brushless motor pre-driver

with PWM variable speed control and current

control suitable for fan and blower motors.

High efficiency and low noise are achieved

using a novel technique (patent pending) for

commutation current control.

The controllers are primarily intended to meet

industry standard OEM fan specifications where

external PWM control are applied, however,

they can also be used with other thermal control

techniques using an external voltage, PWM

signal or thermistor.

Features

• Compliant with external PWM speed control

• Compliant with thermistor control

• Minimum speed setting

• High efficiency utilizing tail-end current control

•Low noise

•Auto restart

• Built in Hall amplifier

• Hall bias

• Speed pulse (FG) output

• Integrated current control

• Up to 18V input voltage (60V with external regulator)

• Small TSSOP20 package

Applications

• Mainframe and personal computer fans and

blowers

• Instrumentation fans

• Central heating blowers

• Automotive climate control

Applications circuit

Device Reel size

(inches)

Tape width

(mm)

Quantity

per reel

ZXBM1016ST20TA 7 (180mm) 16 1000

ZXBM1016ST20TC 13 (330mm) 16 2,500

ZXBM1016

H+

H-

PWM

LCK

SPD

C3C2

1μF

100pF 0.47μF

0.1μF

ThRef

MIN

Ph1Lo

Ph2Lo

Gnd

INT

Q1- 4

470Ω

ZXMC

3A17DN8

Ph1Hi

Ph2Hi

100Ω

1kΩ 1kΩ

2.2μF

12V

1N4148

1N4004

SetTh

Sense

CONTROL

R18

10kΩ

R15

R13

R12

R14

R17

R16

1kΩ

4.7kΩ

1kΩ

47kΩ

R10

16kΩ

12kΩ

Hall

470Ω

33kΩ

Rsense

0.1Ω

5 & 6 5 & 6

7 & 8 7 & 8

Range

H-Bias

0.47μF

SetThRef

R11

220kΩ

TSSOP20

ZXBM1016

Issue 1 - February 2007 2 www.zetex.com

Absolute maximum ratings

Electrical characteristics (at Tamb = 25°C and VCC = 12V unless otherwise stated)

Parameter Symbol Limits Unit

Supply voltage VCCmax -0.6 to 20 V

Input current ICCmax 200 mA

Maximum input voltage VImax -0.6 to VCC+0.5 V

Maximum output voltage VOmax -0.6 to VCC+0.5 V

Power dissipation PDmax 800 mW

Operating temperature TOPR -40 to 85 °C

Storage temperature TSTG -55 to 125 °C

Parameter Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Conditions

Supply

Supply voltage VCC 6.7 18 V For valid ThRef

Supply current ICC 15 20 mA VCC = 12V, no load (*)

Hall connections

Hall amp input voltage VIN 40 mV diff p-p

Hall amp common mode voltage

VCM 0.5 VCC-1.5 V

Hall amp input hysteresis VOFS 12 mV

Hall amp input current IBS 700 1000 nA

Hall bias voltage VHB 1.5 1.75 1.95 V IHBout = -5mA

Hall bias output current IHB -10 mA

Reference voltage

ThRef voltage VThRef 4.75 5.0 5.25 V IOThRef =-10mA

ThRef output current IOThRef -10 mA

PWM oscillator

CPWM charge current IPWMC -5.3 -7 -9.2 ␮A

CPWM discharge current IPWMD 50 75 100 ␮A

CPWM high threshold voltage VTHH 3V

CPWM low threshold voltage VTHL 1V

PWM frequency FPWM 25 kHz CPWM = 0.1nF

Speed control

SPD voltage minimum VSPDL 1 V 100% PWM drive

SPD voltage maximum VSPDH 3 V 0% PWM drive

SPD input current IISPD 0.8 2 ␮AV

IN = 2V

Minimum speed setting

SMIN input current IISMIN -0.25 -0.5 ␮AV

IN = 2V

ZXBM1016

Issue 1 - February 2007 3 www.zetex.com

Parameter Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Conditions

Tail-end current control

Range pin input current setting

range

IRange 4 50␮A

Range pin input voltage VIN 0.50 0.65 0.75 V Input current = 20␮A

CLCK charge current - lock ILCKCL -0.75 -1.42 -1.8 ␮A

Lock mode, V

CLCK

= 2.5V

CLCK charge current - run ILCKCR -(4xIRange)␮A Run mode

CLCK discharge current - lock ILCKDL 0.8 0.8 1.25 ␮A

Lock mode, V

CLCK

= 2.5V

CLCK high threshold voltage VTHH 5V

CLCK low threshold voltage VTHL 1 V Lock mode

CINT input current - lock IINTCL -50 300n nA

Lock mode, V

CLCK

= 2.5V

CINT charge current - run IINTCR -1 mA Run mode

CINT discharge current - run IINTDR 0.8xIRange ␮A Run mode

Current limit

SetThRef output voltage

SetThRef

ThRef-

0.5V

ThRef-

0.25V

SetThRef =200␮A

SetThRef output current ISetThRef -200 ␮A

Sense input current ISense -20 -100 nA VIN=1V, SetTh=2V

SetTh input current ISetTh -20 -100 nA VIN=2V, sense=1V

Output drives

Ph1Lo, Ph2Lo output high voltage

VOH

CC–

2.2

VCC–1.8 V IOH =80mA

Ph1Lo, Ph2Lo output low voltage

VOLA 0.4 0.6 V IOL =16mA (†)

Ph1Lo, Ph2Lo output low voltage

VOLB 0.4 0.6 V IOL =50␮A (‡)

Ph1Lo, Ph2Lo output source

current

IOH -80 mA

Ph1Lo, Ph2Lo output sink current

IOL 80 mA

Ph1Hi, Ph2Hi output low voltage

VOLA 0.5 0.75 V IOL =100mA

Ph1Hi, Ph2Hi output sink current

IOL 100 mA

Ph1Hi, Ph2Hi off output

leakage current

IOFF ±100 nA

Output flag

FG output current IOL 16 mA

FG low level output voltage VOL 0.5 V IOL = 16mA

NOTES:

(*) Measured with pins H+, H-, CLCK and CPWM = 0V and all other signal pins open circuit.

(†) Measured when opposing phase output is low.

(‡) Measured when opposing phase output is high.

ZXBM1016

Issue 1 - February 2007 4 www.zetex.com

Block diagram

Pin assignments

Speed &

Lock

Detect

Hall

CLCK

CPWM

SPD

H+

H-

Hall

Amp

PWM

Osc

Locked

Rotor

Detect

Phase

Drive &

Control

Gnd

Vcc

Set Min

Speed

Vref

SMIN

ThRef

Ph2 Lo

Ph1 Lo

Ph2 Hi

Ph1 Hi Vcc

Vcc

Phase

Drive

Current

Monitor SetTh

Sense

Control

Voltage

SPD

Vcc

Hall

Bias

H-Bias

Speed

Detect

CINT

Start-up

Tail-end

Control

SetThRef

Range

H+

SetThRef

SPD

H-

Gnd

Ph1Lo

Ph2Lo

CPWM

CLCK

ZXBM1016

TSSOP20

Range

ThRef

SMIN

Ph1Hi

Ph2Hi

Sense

SetTh

H-Bias

CINT

Vcc

ZXBM1016

Issue 1 - February 2007 5 www.zetex.com

Pin description table

Operational functional description

Overview

The ZXBM1016 is a high efficiency, low noise, single-phase DC brushless motor pre-driver. It uses

voltage speed control and this voltage can be derived from either a PWM or thermistor source.

The device contains proprietary circuitry to control and limit the current at the end of a

commutation cycle. This tail-end current control (TECC) enables the use of lower rated

components thus providing for a more economic and higher efficiency solution.

The pre-driver also has the usual minimum speed setting and maximum current control

functions.

Pin Type Description

VCC Power The positive supply pin

Gnd Power The negative supply pin

ThRef Reference A 5 volt reference for external networks

H-Bias Reference A nominal 1.75V reference used as the supply for naked Hall sensors

H+ Input Hall device positive input. When high in relation to H- Ph2 is active

H- Input Hall device negative input

SPD Input Speed control input voltage, typically from a PWM integrator or

thermistor.

When low in relation to CPWM the phase low outputs will be turned on

SMIN Input Used to set a voltage that represents the minimum speed the motor is to

run at

CPWM Input A capacitor on this pin is used to set the PWM frequency

CLCK Input A dual use pin used to set the lock and tail-end current control timing.

This will typically be a 470nF capacitor

Range Input A resistor is attached between this pin and ThRef to set the device’s

dynamic operating range to the motor’s desired speed range

CINT Input A capacitor is attached to this pin for use by the tail-end current control.

This will normally be the same value as that on the CLCK Pin

FG Output Open collector buffered output from the Hall sensor

SetTh Input Used to set the threshold voltage that represents the maximum current

to be taken by the motor

Sense Input Input for the signal from a sense resistor in the ground return of the

H-bridge driving circuit used to represent the current taken by the motor

SetThRef Analogue A variable voltage source used to set the voltage on the SetTh pin

Ph1Hi Output Phase 1 high power output to high-side of H-bridge

Ph2Hi Output Phase 2 high power output to high-side of H-bridge

Ph1Lo Output Phase 1 high power output to low-side of H-bridge

Ph2Lo Output Phase 2 high power output to low-side of H-bridge

ZXBM1016

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Control input

The device is controlled from a voltage applied to the SPD pin input. This control voltage can be

derived from an externally generated PWM signal. This signal is converted to a voltage in a

conventional integrator external to the device. Alternatively an external thermistor network can

be used to generate the voltage.

Tail-end current control

To minimize the current at the end of a commutation cycle, the tail current, a proprietary circuit

technique is provided. A number of pins are used to give control over the function. The current is

controlled using the internal PWM function and this acts together with the PWM speed control,

the current control and the start-up function.

Start-up function

The device has a controlled start function prior to the device going into the tail-end current control

mode. This allows the motor to start up at its minimum speed before being allowed to accelerate

to the speed defined by the voltage on the SPD pin.

Device protection

Two levels of protection are provided for fault conditions. The first level of protection is the

conventional lock function. If the motor is stopped or stalled for any reason the motor will enter

the locked rotor condition. In this locked rotor condition the motor speed is set to minimum speed

and the ZXBM1016 will attempt to restart the motor at periodic intervals.

A second level of protection is provided by a current monitor function. An external 100m⍀ sense

resistor is used to detect the current and this is compared with a preset voltage on the SetTh pin.

If the current attempts to rise above the threshold voltage the internal PWM circuit will back-off

the power being delivered to the coil to ensure the maximum is not exceeded.

Pin functional description

H+ - Positive Hall input

H- - Negative Hall input

The rotor position is detected by a Hall sensor, with the output applied to the H+ and H- pins. This

sensor can be either a 4 pin 'naked' Hall device or of the 3 pin buffered switching type. For a 4 pin

device the differential Hall output signal is connected to the H+ and H- pins. For a single-ended

buffered Hall sensor the Hall device output is attached to the H+ pin, with a pull-up attached if

needed. The H- pin has an external potential divider attached to hold the pin at a voltage that is

half of the output swing of the Hall sensor. When H+ is high in relation to H-, Ph2 is the active

drive.

H-Bias - Hall bias output voltage

This is a 1.75V nominal voltage source used to bias a differential unbuffered Hall sensor when

that type is being utilized.

ThRef - External network reference

This is a reference voltage of nominal 5V and is used by external networks to set up the SPD and

SMIN pins control voltages.

It is designed for the ability to 'source' current and therefore it will not 'sink' any current from a

higher voltage. The total current drawn from the pin by the minimum speed potential divider

network and any other voltage setting network should not exceed 10mA.

ZXBM1016

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SPD - Speed control input

The voltage applied to the SPD pin provides control over the fan motor speed by varying the Pulse

Width Modulated (PWM) drive ratio at the Ph1Lo and Ph2Lo outputs. The input voltage range for

the control signal is 3V to 1V, representing 0% to 100% drive respectively.

If variable speed control is not required this pin can be left with an external potential divider to

set a fixed speed or tied through a 10k⍀ resistor to ground to provide full speed i.e. 100% PWM

drive.

The advantage of a fixed potential divider is that the benefit of the current limit and tail-end

current control can be achieved. Neither function will operate with the pin tied directly to ground.

If full speed with current limit and tail-end current control is required then connect the SPD pin

ground through a 10k⍀ resistor with a 0.1␮F capacitor in parallel. This capacitor is used for the

tail-end current control shaping.

If required this pin can also be used as an enable pin. The application of a voltage >3.0V will force

the PWM drive fully off, in effect disabling the drive.

SMIN - Minimum speed threshold voltage

A voltage can be set on this pin using a potential divider between the ThRef and Gnd. This voltage

is monitored by the SPD pin such that the SPD voltage cannot rise above the SMIN voltage. As a

higher voltage on the SPD pin represents a lower speed it therefore restricts the lower speed

range of the motor. If this feature is not required the pin is left tied to ThRef so no minimum speed

will be set.

If the fan is being controlled from an external voltage source and the minimum speed feature is

required then a 10k⍀ resistor should be placed in series with the external control voltage and the

SPD pin.

CLCK - Locked rotor and run mode timing capacitor

The CLCK pin will have a capacitor connected to ground. It is a dual function pin providing timing

whilst running and when in the lock condition.

When a motor is running under normal conditions this pin provides a triangular waveform related

to the speed of the motor. This waveform is used by the tail-end current control circuit to

determine the end of the commutation cycle.

If the fan stops rotating for any reason then this pin takes on the conventional operation of a

Locked Rotor monitor. In this condition and after the motor has stopped, a predetermined time

(TOFF) will elapse during which the motor will not be driven. After this delay the circuitry uses a

defined period (TON) to attempt to re-enable the output drive by going through a start-up routine

in an attempt to re-start the fan. This cycle of (TOFF) and (TON) will be repeated indefinitely or until

the fan re-starts.

The cycle of (TOFF) and (TON) is also used to start the fan from power-up and so this pin forms a

start-up function in conjunction with the current monitor circuit described towards the end of this

section.

The time period of (TOFF) and (TON) is determined by the value of capacitor applied to the CLCK

pin. Any selection of the value will need consideration when in the run and lock modes. Typically

a 0.47␮F will provide for most applications.

ZXBM1016

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CINT - Integrator timing capacitor

A capacitor is connected from this pin to ground. It is used to store a signal that is proportional

to the commutation period. The stored signal is a representation of the motor speed and is used

by the tail-end control circuitry. It will normally be the same value as that applied to the CLCK pin.

Range - Speed range setting pin

The ZXBM1016 is designed to operate over a predefined dynamic range. This will normally be in

excess of 10:1 i.e. the lowest speed will be 1/10 of the full speed. In some instance the speed range

might be 200rpm to 2,000rpm yet in others it could be 1,000 to 10,000rpm. This pin allows the tail-

end current control operation to be tuned to the desired speed range. To do this a resistor is

attached between the range pin and the ThRef pin.

The following graph gives a range of resistor values against the speed range.

Typically a 220k⍀ resistor will cover most mid speed range motors of 600rpm to 6,000rpm,

however a lower value can be used to enable the motor to be run at higher speeds. Conversely a

higher value will be needed for motors running at a lower speed range.

CPWM - Sets PWM frequency

This pin has an external capacitor attached to set the PWM frequency for the phase drive outputs.

A capacitor value of 0.1nF will provide a PWM frequency of typically 25kHz.

FG - Frequency generator (speed)

This is the frequency generator output and is a buffered signal from the Hall sensor.

This is an open collector drive giving an active pull down with the high level being provided by

an external pull up resistor.

Ph1Lo and Ph2Lo - Low-side external H-bridge driver

These pair of outputs drive the low side of the external power device H-bridge that in turn drives

the single phase winding. These outputs provide both the commutation and PWM waveforms.

The outputs are active pull-up and active pull-down to help faster switching off when driving

MOSFET devices with a high gate capacitance. When in the high state the outputs will provide up

to 80mA of drive into the base or gates of external transistors as shown in the typical application

circuit shown on the front page.

When in the low state the active phase drive is again capable of sinking up to 80mA to aid turn

off times during PWM operation. When the phase is inactive the output is held low by a 7.5k⍀

internal pull-down resistor.

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

220kΩ

470kΩ

120kΩ

360kΩ

Speed vs CLCK peak voltage

CLCK peak voltage (V)

Speed (rpm)

750kΩ

RRange CLCK = 0.47μF

ZXBM1016

Issue 1 - February 2007 9 www.zetex.com

Ph1Hi and Ph2Hi - High-side external H-bridge driver

These are the high side outputs to the external H-bridge and are open collector outputs capable

of sinking 100mA. This signal provides commutation only to the H-bridge.

GND - Circuitry ground return

This is the device supply ground return pin and will generally be the most negative supply pin to

the fan.

VCC - Circuitry applied voltage

This provides the supply for the device's internal circuitry and for the H-bridge output stage.

Sense - Current control sense

This pin is used by the current sensing circuit to monitor the current taken by the motor windings.

The signal comes from a sense resistor in the low-side ground return of the external H-bridge

driver.

SetTh - Current control threshold voltage

This pin is used by the current sensing circuit as the reference voltage for the voltage on the sense

pin to be compared against. If the voltage on the sense pin starts to exceed the voltage set on this

pin the current control circuitry starts to back off the PWM voltage and thus the current being

supplied to the motor coil.

SetThRef - SetTh and start-up reference

This pin is derived from an internal start-up circuit and is used as the source voltage for the

potential divider network attached to the SetTh pin.

Under running conditions this will be a voltage of approximately 4.75V, however, during start up

the voltage ramps up from 0V to 4.75V at a rate determined by the capacitor on the CLCK pin. Once

the motor is running it will go to its steady state.

This is a low power output capable of supplying a maximum of 200␮A. It should only be used to

supply the potential divider network attached to the SetTh pin.

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Intentionally left blank

ZXBM1016

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Package outline - TSSOP20

Note: Controlling dimensions are in millimeters. Approximate dimensions are provided in inches

Dim. Millimeters Inches

Min. Max. Min. Max.

A - 1.20 - 0.047

A1 0.05 0.15 0.002 0.006

A2 0.80 1.05 0.031 0.041

D 6.40 6.60 0.252 0.260

E 6.40 BSC 0.252 BSC

L 0.45 0.75 0.018 0.030

e 0.65 BSC 0.026 BSC

b 0.19 0.30 0.007 0.012

c 0.09 0.20 0.004 0.008

ZXBM1016

Issue 1 - February 2007 12 www.zetex.com

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Europe

Zetex GmbH

Kustermann-park

Balanstraße 59

D-81541 München

Germany

Telefon: (49) 89 45 49 49 0

Fax: (49) 89 45 49 49 49

europe.sales@zetex.com

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Hauppauge, NY 11788

USA

Telephone: (1) 631 360 2222

Fax: (1) 631 360 8222

usa.sales@zetex.com

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3701-04 Metroplaza Tower 1

Hing Fong Road, Kwai Fong

Hong Kong

Telephone: (852) 26100 611

Fax: (852) 24250 494

asia.sales@zetex.com

Corporate Headquarters

Zetex Semiconductors plc

Zetex Technology Park, Chadderton

Oldham, OL9 9LL

United Kingdom

Telephone: (44) 161 622 4444

Fax: (44) 161 622 4446

hq@zetex.com

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service. Customers are solely responsible for obtaining the latest relevant information before placing orders.

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The circuits in this design/application note are offered as design ideas. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the circuit is fit for

the user’s application and meets with the user’s requirements. No representation or warranty is given and no liability whatsoever is

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opportunity or consequential loss in the use of these circuit applications, under any circumstances.

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1. are intended to implant into the body

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Product status key:

“Preview” Future device intended for production at some point. Samples may be available

“Active” Product status recommended for new designs

“Last time buy (LTB)” Device will be discontinued and last time buy period and delivery is in effect

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Device is still in production to support existing designs and production

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may change in any manner without notice.

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