A5191HRT
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9
Receive Filter and Comparator
The received FSK signal first is filtered using a band-pass
filter build around the low noise receiver operational
amplifier “Rx HP filter”. This filter blocks interferences
outside the HART signal band.
Rx Comp Rx HP Filter
RxAF
RxA
RxAFI
AREF
DEMODULATOR
HART IN
1.235 VDC
C1
C2
C3
R1
R2
R3
R4
R6R5
C4
15 MW
Figure 9. Demodulator Receive Filter and Signal
Comparator
The filter output is fed into the Rx comparator. The
threshold value equals the analog ground making the
comparator to toggle on every zero crossing of the filtered
FSK signal. The maximum demodulator jitter is 12 % of one
bit given the input frequencies are within the HART
specifications, a clock frequency of 460.8 kHz (±1.0 %) and
zero input (RxA) asymmetry.
Carrier Detect Circuitry
Low HART input signal levels increases the risk for the
generation of bit errors. Therefore the minimum signal
amplitude is set to 80 − 120 mVpp. If the received signal is
below this level the demodulator is disabled.
This level detection is done in the Carrier Detector. The
output of the demodulator is qualified with the carrier detect
signal (CD), therefore, only RxA signals large enough to be
detected (100 mVp-p typically) by the carrier detect circuit
produce received serial data at RxD.
RxD
CD
Demodulator
Logic
Rx Comp
Carrier Detect
Counter
Carrier Comp
DEMODULATOR
RxAFI
AREF
CDREF
15 MW
FILTERED
HART IN
1.235 VDC
VAREF –80mV
Figure 10. Demodulator Carrier and Signal
Comparator
The carrier detect comparator shown in Figure 10
generates logic low output if the RxAFI voltage is below
CDREF. The comparator output is fed into a carrier detect
block. The carrier detect block drives the carrier detect
output pin CD high if RTSB is high and four consecutive
pulses out of the comparator have arrived. CD stays high as
long as RTSB is high and the next comparator pulse is
received in less than 2.5 ms. Once CD goes inactive, it takes
four consecutive pulses out of the comparator to assert CD
again. Four consecutive pulses amount to 3.33 ms when the
received signal is 1200 Hz and to 1.82 ms when the received
signal is 2200 HZ.
Miscellaneous Analog Circuitry
Voltage References
The A5191HRT requires two voltage references, AREF
and CDREF. AREF sets the DC operating point of the
internal operational amplifiers and is the reference for the
Rx comparator. If A5191HRT operates at VDD = 3.3 V the
ON Semiconductor LM285D 1.235 V reference is
recommended.
The level at which CD (Carrier Detect) becomes active is
determined by the DC voltage difference (CDREF - AREF).
Selecting a voltage difference of 80 mV will set the carrier
detect to a nominal 100 mVp-p.
Bias Current Resistor
The A5191HRT requires a bias current resistor RBIAS to
be connected between CBIAS and VSS. The bias current
controls the operating parameters of the internal operational
amplifiers and comparators and should be set to 2.5 mA.
BIAS
CBIAS
OPA
AREF
2. 5 mA
RBIAS
Figure 11. Bias Circuit
The value of the bias current resistor is determined by the
reference voltage AREF and the following formula:
RBIAS +AREF
2.5 mA
The recommended bias current resistor is 500 KW when
AREF is equal to 1.235 V.
Oscillator
The A5191HRT requires a 460.8 kHz clock signal. This
can be provided by an external clock or a resonator
connected to the A5191HRT internal oscillator.