LM79XX/A (KA79XX, MC79XX) FIXED VOLTAGE REGULATOR (NEGATIVE)
3-TERMINAL 1A NEGATIVE VOLTAGE REGULATORS
The LM79XX series of three-terminal negative regulators are available in
TO-220 package and with several fixed output voltages, making them useful
in a wide range of applications. Each type employs internal current limiting,
thermal shut-down and safe area protection, making it essentially indestructible.
FEATURES
Output Current in Excess of 1A
Output Voltages of -5, -6, -8, -12, -15, -18, -24V
Internal Thermal Overload Protection
Short Circuit Protection
Output Transistor Safe-Area Compensation
LM79XXCT ± 4%
LM79XXAT± 2%
VOLTAGE
REFERENCE
+
-
PROTECTION
CIRCUITRY
R1
R2
Rsc
GND
I1
Out
In
Q1
Q2
TO-220
1: GND 2: Input 3: Output
Device Operating Temperature
Package
0 ~ +125
°
C
Output Voltage
Tolerance
TO-220
ORDERING INFORMATION
BLOCK DIAGRAM
1999 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation
Rev. B
LM79XX/A (KA79XX, MC79XX) FIXED VOLTAGE REGULATOR (NEGATIVE)
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (TA=+25°C, unless otherwise specified)
LM7905 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VI = 10V, lO = 500mA, 0°C TJ +125°C, CI =2.2µF, CO =1µF, unless otherwise specified.)
* Load and line regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in VO due to heating effects must be
taken into account separately. Pulse testing with low duty is used.
Characteristic Symbol Value Unit
Input Voltage VI-35 V
Thermal Resistance Junction-Cases
Junction-Air RθJC
RθJA
5
65 °C / W
°C /W
Operating Temperature Range TOPR 0 ~ +125 °C
Storage Temperature Range TSTG - 65 ~ +150 °C
Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
TJ =+25°C- 4.8 - 5.0 - 5.2
Output Voltage VO IO = 5mA to 1A, PO15W
VI = -7 to -20V - 4.75 -5.0 - 5.25 V
VI = -7 to -20V
IO=1A 5 50
VI = -8 to -12V
IO=1A 2 25
VI = -7.5 to -25V 7 50
VI= -8 to -12V
IO=1A 7 50
IO = 5mA to 1.5A 10 100
TJ =+25°C
IO = 250 to 750mA 3 50
Quiescent Current IQ TJ =+25°C3 6 mA
IO = 5mA to 1A 0.05 0.5
VI = -8 to -25V 0.1 0.8
Temperature Coefficient of VDVO/T IO = 5mA - 0.4 mV/°C
Output Noise Voltage VN f = 10Hz to 100KHz
TA =+25°C40 µV
Ripple Rejection RR f = 120Hz, IO = -35V
VI = 10V 54 60 dB
Dropout Voltage VD TJ=+25°C
IO = 1A 2V
Short Circuit Current ISC TJ =+25°C, VI = -35V 300 mA
Peak Current IPK TJ =+25°C2.2 A
Load Regulation
VO
Line Regulation
VO
TJ =25
°
CmV
mV
Quiescent Current Change
IQmA
LM79XX/A (KA79XX, MC79XX) FIXED VOLTAGE REGULATOR (NEGATIVE)
LM7906 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VI = 11V, lO = 500mA, 0°C TJ +125°C, CI =2.2µF, CO = 1µF, unless otherwise specified.)
* Load and line regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in VO due to heating effects must be
taken into account separately. Pulse testing with low duty is used.
Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
TJ = +25°C- 5.75 - 6 - 6.25
Output Voltage VO IO = 5mA to 1A, PO15W
VI = - 9 to - 21V - 5.7 - 6 - 6.3 V
VI = - 8 to - 25V 10 120
VI= - 9 to -12V 5 60
TJ =+ 25°C
IO = 5mA to 1.5A 10 120
TJ =+ 25°C
IO = 250 to 750mA 3 60
Quiescent Current IQ TJ =+ 25°C36mA
IO = 5mA to 1A 0.5
VI = -9 to -25V 1.3
Temperature Coefficient of VDVO/T IO = 5mA -0.5 mV/°C
Output Noise Voltage VN f = 10Hz to 100KHz
TA =+ 25°C130 µV
Ripple Rejection RR f = 120Hz
VI = 10V 54 60 dB
Dropout Voltage VD TJ=+ 25°C
IO = 1A 2V
Short Circuit Current ISC TJ= +25°C, VI = -35V 300 mA
Peak Current IPK TJ= +25°C2.2 A
Line Regulation
VOTJ = 25
°
C
VO
Load Regulation mV
mV
Quiescent Current Change
IQmA
LM79XX/A (KA79XX, MC79XX) FIXED VOLTAGE REGULATOR (NEGATIVE)
LM7908 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VI = 14V, lO = 500mA, 0°C TJ +125°C, CI =2.2µF, CO = 1µF, unless otherwise specified.)
* Load and line regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in VO due to heating effects must be taken
into account separately. Pulse testing with low duty is used.
Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
TJ =+ 25°C- 7.7 - 8 - 8.3
Output Voltage VO IO = 5mA to 1A, PO15W
VI = -1.5 to -23V - 7.6 - 8 - 8.4 V
VI = -10.5 to -25V 10 100
VI= -11 to -17V 5 80
TJ =+ 25°C
IO = 5mA to 1.5A 12 160
TJ =+ 25°C
IO = 250 to 750mA 4 80
Quiescent Current IQ TJ =+ 25°C3 6 mA
IO = 5mA to 1A 0.05 0.5
VI = -11.5 to -25V 0.1 1
Temperature Coefficient of VDVO/T IO = 5mA -0.6 mV/°C
Output Noise Voltage VN f = 10Hz to 100KHz
TA =+ 25°C175 µV
Ripple Rejection RR f = 120Hz
VI = 10V 54 60 dB
Dropout Voltage VD TJ=+ 25°C
IO = 1A 2V
Short Circuit Current ISC TJ=+ 25°C, VI = -35V 300 mA
Peak Current IPK TJ=+ 25°C2.2 A
Line Regulation
VO
Load Regulation
VOmV
mV
TJ = 25
°
C
Quiescent Current Change
IQmA
LM79XX/A (KA79XX, MC79XX) FIXED VOLTAGE REGULATOR (NEGATIVE)
LM7909 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VI = 14V, lO = 500mA, 0°C TJ + 125°C, CI =2.2µF, CO = 1µF, unless otherwise specified)
* Load and line regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in VO due to heating effects must be taken
into account separately. Pulse testing with low duty is used.
Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
TJ =+ 25°C- 8.7 - 9.0 - 9.3
Output Voltage VO IO = 5mA to 1A, PO15W
VI = -1.5 to -23V - 8.6 - 9.0 - 9.4 V
VI = -10.5 to -25V 10 180
VI= -11 to -17V 5 90
TJ =+ 25°C
IO = 5mA to 1.5A 12 180
TJ =+ 25°C
IO = 250 to 750mA 4 90
Quiescent Current IQ TJ =+ 25°C3 6 mA
IO = 5mA to 1A 0.05 0.5
VI = -11.5 to -25V 0.1 1
Temperature Coefficient of VDVO/T IO = 5mA -0.6 mV/°C
Output Noise Voltage VN f = 10Hz to 100KHz
TA =+ 25°C175 µV
Ripple Rejection RR f = 120Hz
VI = 10V 54 60 dB
Dropout Voltage VD TJ=+ 25°C
IO = 1A 2V
Short Circuit Current ISC TJ= +25°C, VI = -35V 300 mA
Peak Current IPK TJ =+25°C2.2 A
Line Regulation
VO
Load Regulation
VOmV
mV
TJ = 25
°
C
Quiescent Current Change
IQ
mA
LM79XX/A (KA79XX, MC79XX) FIXED VOLTAGE REGULATOR (NEGATIVE)
LM7912 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VI= 18V, lO =500mA, 0°C TJ +125°C, CI =2.2µF, CO = 1µF, unless otherwise specified.)
* Load and line regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in VO due to heating effects must be taken
into account separately. Pulse testing with low duty is used.
Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
TJ = +25°C-11.5 -12 -12.5
Output Voltage VO IO = 5mA to 1A, PO15W
VI = -15.5 to -27V -11.4 -12 -12.6 V
VI = -14.5 to -30V 12 240
VI= -16 to -22V 6 120
TJ =+ 25°C
IO = 5mA to 1.5A 12 240
TJ =+ 25°C
IO = 250 to 750mA 4 120
Quiescent Current IQ TJ =+ 25°C3 6 mA
IO = 5mA to 1A 0.05 0.5
VI = -15 to -30V 0.1 1
Temperature Coefficient of VDVO/T IO = 5mA -0.8 mV/°C
Output Noise Voltage VN f = 10Hz to 100KHz
TA =+ 25°C200 µV
Ripple Rejection RR f = 120Hz
VI = 10V 54 60 dB
Dropout Voltage VD TJ= +25°C
IO = 1A 2V
Short Circuit Current ISC TJ=+ 25°C, VI = -35V 300 mA
Peak Current IPK TJ=+ 25°C2.2 A
Line Regulation
Load Regulation
VO
VOmV
TJ = 25
°
CmV
Quiescent Current Change
IQmA
LM79XX/A (KA79XX, MC79XX) FIXED VOLTAGE REGULATOR (NEGATIVE)
LM7915 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VI = 23V, IO = 500mA, 0°C TJ+125°C, CI =2.2µF, CO = 1µF, unless otherwise specified.)
* Load and line regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in VO due to heating effects must be taken
into account separately. Pulse testing with low duty is used.
Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
TJ =+ 25°C-14.4 -15 -15.6
Output Voltage VO IO = 5mA to 1A, PO15W
VI = -18 to -30V -14.25 -15 -15.75 V
VI = -17.5 to -30V 12 300
VI= -20 to -26V 6 150
TJ =+ 25°C
IO = 5mA to 1.5A 12 300
TJ =+ 25°C
IO = 250 to 750mA 4 150
Quiescent Current IQ TJ =+ 25°C3 6 mA
IO = 5mA to 1A 0.05 0.5
VI = -18.5 to -30V 0.1 1
Temperature Coefficient of VDVO/T IO = 5mA -0.9 mV/°C
Output Noise Voltage VN f = 10Hz to 100Khz
TA =+ 25°C250 µV
Ripple Rejection RR f = 120Hz
VI = 10V 54 60 dB
Dropout Voltage VD TJ=+25°C
IO = 1A 2V
Short Circuit Current ISC TJ=+ 25°C, VI = -35V 300 mA
Peak Current IPK T
J
=+ 25°C2.2 A
Line Regulation
VO
Load Regulation
VO
TJ = 25
°
C
Quiescent Current Change
IQ
mV
mV
mA
LM79XX/A (KA79XX, MC79XX) FIXED VOLTAGE REGULATOR (NEGATIVE)
LM7918 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VI = 27V, lO = 500mA, 0°C TJ ≤+125°C, CI =2.2µF, CO = 1µF, unless otherwise specified.)
* Load and line regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in VO due to heating effects must be taken
into account separately. Pulse testing with low duty is used.
Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
TJ =+ 25°C-17.3 -18 -18.7
Output Voltage VO IO = 5mA to 1A, PO15W
VI = -22.5 to -33V -17.1 -18 -18.9 V
VI= -21 to -33V 15 360
VI= -24 to -30V 8 180
TJ =+ 25°C
IO = 5mA to 1.5A 15 360
TJ =+ 25°C
IO = 250 to 750mA 5 180
Quiescent Current IQ TJ =+ 25°C3 6 mA
IO = 5mA to 1A 0.5
VI = -22 to -33V 1
Temperature Coefficient of VDVO/T IO = 5mA -1 mV/°C
Output Noise Voltage VN f = 10Hz to 100KHz
TA =+ 25°C300 µV
Ripple Rejection RR f = 120Hz
VI = 10V 54 60 dB
Dropout Voltage VD TJ=+ 25°C
IO = 1A 2V
Short Circuit Current ISC TJ=+ 25°C, VI = -35V 300 mA
Peak Current IPK T
J
=+ 25°C2.2 A
Quiescent Current Change
IQ
Line Regulation
VO
Load Regulation
VO
TJ = 25
°
CmV
mV
mA
LM79XX/A (KA79XX, MC79XX) FIXED VOLTAGE REGULATOR (NEGATIVE)
LM7924 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VI = 33V, lO = 500mA, 0°C TJ ≤+125°C, CI =2.2µF, CO = 1µF, unless otherwise specified.)
* Load and line regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in VO due to heating effects must be taken
into account separately. Pulse testing with low duty is used.
Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
TJ =+25°C- 23 - 24 - 25
Output Voltage VO IO = 5mA to 1A, PO 15W
VI = -27 to -38V - 22.8 - 24 - 25.2 V
VI = - 27 to - 38V 15 480
VI= - 30 to - 36V 8 180
TJ = +25°C
IO = 5mA to 1.5A 15 480
TJ =+ 25°C
IO = 250 to 750mA 5 240
Quiescent Current IQ TJ =+ 25°C3 6 mA
IO = 5mA to 1A 0.5
VI = -27 to -38V 1
Temperature Coefficient of VDVO/T IO = 5mA -1 mV/°C
Output Noise Voltage VN f = 10Hz to 100KHz
TA =+ 25°C400 µV
Ripple Rejection RR f = 120Hz
VI = 10V 54 60 dB
Dropout Voltage VD TJ= +25°C
IO = 1A 2V
Short Circuit Current ISC TJ=+ 25°C, VI = -35V 300 mA
Peak Current IPK T
J
=+25°C2.2 A
Line Regulation
Load Regulation
TJ = 25
°
C
VO
VO
Quiescent Current Change
IQmA
mV
mV
LM79XX/A (KA79XX, MC79XX) FIXED VOLTAGE REGULATOR (NEGATIVE)
LM7905A ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VI = 10V, lO = 500mA, 0°C TJ +125°C, CI =2.2µF, CO =1µF, unless otherwise specified.)
* Load and line regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in VO due to heating effects must be
taken into account separately. Pulse testing with low duty is used.
LM7912A ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
TJ =+ 25°C- 4.9 - 5.0 - 5.1
Output Voltage VO IO = 5mA to 1A, PO15W
VI = -7 to -20V - 4.8 -5.0 - 5.2 V
VI = -7 to -20V
IO=1A 5 50
VI = -8 to -12V
IO=1A 2 25
VI = -7.5 to -25V 7 50
VI= -8 to -12V
IO=1A 7 50
IO = 5mA to 1.5A 10 100
TJ =+ 25°C
IO = 250 to 750mA 3 50
Quiescent Current IQ TJ = +25°C3 6 mA
IO = 5mA to 1A 0.05 0.5
VI = -8 to -25V 0.1 0.8
Temperature Coefficient of VDVO/T IO = 5mA - 0.4 mV/°C
Output Noise Voltage VN f = 10Hz to 100KHz
TA =+ 25°C40 µV
Ripple Rejection RR f = 120Hz, IO = -35V
VI = 10V 54 60 dB
Dropout Voltage VD TJ=+ 25°C
IO = 1A 2V
Short Circuit Current ISC TJ =+ 25°C, VI = -35V 300 mA
Peak Current IPK TJ =+ 25°C2.2 A
Load Regulation
VO
Line Regulation
VO
TJ =+25
°
CmV
mV
Quiescent Current Change
IQmA
LM79XX/A (KA79XX, MC79XX) FIXED VOLTAGE REGULATOR (NEGATIVE)
(VI= 18V, lO =500mA, 0°C TJ +125°C, CI =2.2µF, CO = 1µF, unless otherwise specified.)
* Load and line regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in VO due to heating effects must be taken
into account separately. Pulse testing with low duty is used.
LM7915A ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
TJ =+ 25°C-11.75 -12 -12.25
Output Voltage VO IO = 5mA to 1A, PO15W
VI = -15.5 to -27V -11.5 -12 -12.5 V
VI = -14.5 to -30V 12 240
VI= -16 to -22V 6 120
TJ = +25°C
IO = 5mA to 1.5A 12 240
TJ =+ 25°C
IO = 250 to 750mA 4 120
Quiescent Current IQ TJ =+ 25°C3 6 mA
IO = 5mA to 1A 0.05 0.5
VI = -15 to -30V 0.1 1
Temperature Coefficient of VDVO/T IO = 5mA -0.8 mV/°C
Output Noise Voltage VN f = 10Hz to 100Khz
TA =+ 25°C200 µV
Ripple Rejection RR f = 120Hz
VI = 10V 54 60 dB
Dropout Voltage VD TJ=+ 25°C
IO = 1A 2V
Short Circuit Current ISC TJ=+ 25°C, VI = -35V 300 mA
Peak Current IPK TJ=+ 25°C2.2 A
Line Regulation
Load Regulation
VO
VOmV
TJ =+25
°
CmV
Quiescent Current Change
IQmA
LM79XX/A (KA79XX, MC79XX) FIXED VOLTAGE REGULATOR (NEGATIVE)
(VI = 23V, lO = 500mA, 0°C TJ +125°C, CI =2.2µF, CO = 1µF, unless otherwise specified.)
* Load and line regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in VO due to heating effects must be taken
into account separately. Pulse testing with low duty is used.
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
TJ = +25°C-14.7 -15 -15.3
Output Voltage VO IO = 5mA to 1A, PO15W
VI = -18 to -30V -14.4 -15 -15.6 V
VI = -17.5 to -30V 12 300
VI= -20 to -26V 6 150
TJ =+ 25°C
IO = 5mA to 1.5A 12 300
TJ =+ 25°C
IO = 250 to 750mA 4 150
Quiescent Current IQ TJ =+ 25°C3 6 mA
IO = 5mA to 1A 0.05 0.5
VI = -18.5 to -30V 0.1 1
Temperature Coefficient of VDVO/T IO = 5mA -0.9 mV/°C
Output Noise Voltage VN f = 10Hz to 100KHz
TA =+25°C250 µV
Ripple Rejection RR f = 120Hz
VI = 10V 54 60 dB
Dropout Voltage VD TJ= +25°C
IO = 1A 2V
Short Circuit Current ISC TJ=+ 25°C, VI = -35V 300 mA
Peak Current IPK T
J
=+ 25°C2.2 A
Line Regulation
VO
Load Regulation
VO
TJ =+25
°
C
Quiescent Current Change
IQ
mV
mV
mA
LM79XX/A (KA79XX, MC79XX) FIXED VOLTAGE REGULATOR (NEGATIVE)
Fig.1 Output Voltage Fig. 2 Load Regulation
-5
-3
-1
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
-40 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
4.8
4.85
4.9
4.95
5
5.05
5.1
-40 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
Vin=10V
Io=40mA
Vin=25V
Io=100mA Io=0.75A
Io=1.5A
Output Voltage [-V]
TA, Ambient Temperature [oC]
Load Regulation [mV]
TA, Ambient Temperature [oC]
Fig.3 Quiescent Current Fig. 4 Dropout Voltage
Fig.5 Short Circuit Current
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
-40 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
-40 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
Io=1A
Quiescent Current [mA]
Dropout Voltage [V]
TA, Ambient Temperature [oC] TA, Ambient Temperature [oC]
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
0.6
-40 -25 025 50 75 100 125
Short Circuit Current [A]
TA, Ambient Temperature [oC]
LM79XX/A (KA79XX, MC79XX) FIXED VOLTAGE REGULATOR (NEGATIVE)
Fig. 6 Negative Fixed output regulator
2.2µµF
2
- VI- VO
KA79XX
1
3
+ + 1µµF
CICO
Fig. 7 Split power supply (±±12V/1A)
1N4001
2.2µµF
2
- 15V -12V
KA7912
1
3
+ +
1µµF
0.33µµF
+ KA7812
+ 15V +12V
+
1µµF
1
2
3
1N4001
GND
*
*
Notes:
(1) To specify an output voltage, substitute voltage value
for “XX “
(2) Required for stability. For value given, capacitor
must be solid tantalum. If aluminum electronics are
used, at least ten times value shown should be
selected. CI is required if regulator is located an
appreciable
distance from power supply filter.
(3) To improve transient response. If large capacitors
are used, a high current diode from input to output
(1N400l or similar) should be introduced to protect
the device from momentary input short circuit.
*: Against potential latch-up problems.
TRADEMARKS
ACEx™
CoolFET™
CROSSVOLT™
E2CMOSTM
FACT™
FACT Quiet Series™
FAST®
FASTr™
GTO™
HiSeC™
The following are registered and unregistered trademarks Fairchild Semiconductor owns or is authorized to use and is
not intended to be an exhaustive list of all such trademarks.
LIFE SUPPORT POLICY
FAIRCHILD’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT
DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION.
As used herein:
ISOPLANAR™
MICROWIRE™
POP™
PowerTrench™
QS™
Quiet Series™
SuperSOT™-3
SuperSOT™-6
SuperSOT™-8
TinyLogic™
1. Life support devices or systems are devices or
systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into
the body, or (b) support or sustain life, or (c) whose
failure to perform when properly used in accordance
with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be
reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the
user.
2. A critical component is any component of a life
support device or system whose failure to perform can
be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life
support device or system, or to affect its safety or
effectiveness.
PRODUCT STATUS DEFINITIONS
Definition of Terms
Datasheet Identification Product Status Definition
Advance Information
Preliminary
No Identification Needed
Obsolete
This datasheet contains the design specifications for
product development. Specifications may change in
any manner without notice.
This datasheet contains preliminary data, and
supplementary data will be published at a later date.
Fairchild Semiconductor reserves the right to make
changes at any time without notice in order to improve
design.
This datasheet contains final specifications. Fairchild
Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes at
any time without notice in order to improve design.
This datasheet contains specifications on a product
that has been discontinued by Fairchild semiconductor.
The datasheet is printed for reference information only.
Formative or
In Design
First Production
Full Production
Not In Production
DISCLAIMER
FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MAKE CHANGES WITHOUT FURTHER
NOTICE TO ANY PRODUCTS HEREIN TO IMPROVE RELIABILITY, FUNCTION OR DESIGN. FAIRCHILD
DOES NOT ASSUME ANY LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF THE APPLICATION OR USE OF ANY PRODUCT
OR CIRCUIT DESCRIBED HEREIN; NEITHER DOES IT CONVEY ANY LICENSE UNDER ITS PATENT
RIGHTS, NOR THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS.