1/14
EFS
May 2000 - Ed: 5A
STARLIGHT-KIT
2-CHIPS SET FOR FLUORESCENT LAMP STARTER
PENTAWATT HV
EFS21-TL5
nVery low component count: 2 chips + 7 passive
components
nMeet EN55015 standards WITHOUT EMI
capacitor
nExtended life time of the fluorescent lamp due to
smooth and single shot ignition
nHigh inherent reliability and extended life time
of the starter
BENEFITS
The EFS Kit is a 2 chips set used with 7 additional
passive components, for Glow switch Starter.
The ASD(Application Specific Discretes)
includes a bi-directional Power Switch and a
Power Supply for the driver.
The driver provides a program to ensure a fully
optimised linear fluorescent lamp ignition.
DESCRIPTION
Application Specific Discretes
A.S.D.
S014
EFS2A-CD
EFS2B-CD
nVERY WIDETEMPERATURE RANGE:
tube ignition from -30to+85°C
nSINGLE SHOT IGNITION FROM -30 to 0°C:
350mA, 1350V striking pulse
nVERY WIDEPOWER RANGE:
Fluorescent tube lamp ignition from 18 to 70W
nEFS2B driver compatible with 50/60Hz
operation
nSELECTABLE PREHEAT TIME:
EFS2A driver:1.5s or 2.56s (50Hz)
EFS2B driver:0.74s or 1.24s (50Hz)
EFS2B driver:0.62s or 1.03s (60Hz)
n8 STRIKING PULSES CAPABILITY:
for very cold environment or ageing lamp
nSTARTER SHUTDOWN WITH FAILED LAMP
FEATURES
TM : ASDis trademark of STMicroelectronics.
EFS
2/14
MAINS FREQUENCY
50Hz 60Hz
DRIVER VERSION EFS2A EFS2B
Pin 2 connection GND VCC GND VCC GND VCC
PREHEAT DURATION 1.5s 2.56s 0.74s 1.24s 0.62s 1.03s
ASDEFS21
LAMP POWER RANGE 18 to 70W (note 2)
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE RANGE -30 to 85°C (note1, note 2)
Note 1: below -20°C, it is recommended to limit the lamp powerrange to 58W.
Note 2: the ignition temperature range is givenwith starting aid, as requiredin the IEC 81and IEC 926 (§6.3.1) standards.
EFS STARLIGHT-KIT PARTS SELECTION:
The EFS STARLIGHT-KIT answers effectively to linear fluorescent lamp ignition needs:
DRIVER: EFS2A-CD
and :EFS2B-CD ASD: EFS21-TL5
State tube detection 1
Shunt 4
Preheat select 2
to be grounded 7
to be grounded 3
to be grounded 5
to be grounded 6
14 G1
13 G2
12 VCC
11 GND
9 DO NOT CONNECT
8 to be grounded
10 to be grounded
SO14 Pentawatt HV
G1 1
G2 5
Vcc 2
Tube 3
GND 4
PIN CONNECTION (top view)
FLUORESCENT
LAMP
18W TO70W
BALLAST
MAINS
4
9
7/8/10/11
2/3/5/6
14
13
12 2
5
13
4
150KΩ
R
0.39Ω
22µF - 16V
DRIVER ASD
1
DO NOT
CONNECT
U1
U2
BASIC APPLICATION DIAGRAM
EFS
3/14
WORKING AREA
LAMP POWER (W)
Tamb(°C) (see note 2)
70 W
58 W
36 W
18 W
-30 -100 1020304050607080-20 90
RECOMMENDED LAMP POWER RANGE APPLICATION
Note 2: the ignition temperature range is given with starting aid, as required in theIEC 81 and IEC 926 (§6.3.1) standards.
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
Top Operating Junction temperature range -30 to +125 °C
Tstg Storage temperature range -55 to +150 °C
ABSOLUTE RATINGS (limiting values)
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
Vcc Maximum supplyvoltage 14 V
Ptot Power dissipation 500 mW
ESD Electrostatic discharge between any pins
Standard: MIL STD 883C Human Body Model 1kV
V
SENSE Input operating range ±10 V
DRIVER: EFS2 A & EFS2B
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
IT(RMS) RMS on-state current Tcase = 90°C1A
Tcase IT(RMS) =1A t
OFF = 0.16s tON = 0.75s + 120 °C
ITSM Surge peak on-state current
Tjinitial = 25°C, tp = 10ms
Minimum repetitive rate periode : 1min.
15 A
VDRM
VRRM Repetitive peak off-state voltage 600 V
ASD: EFS21
EFS
4/14
DRIVER
EFS 2 A/B CD- EFS 2 1 TL5-
Electronic
Fluorescent
Switch
Electronic
Fluorescent
Switch
KitKit Version
Digit
A: 50Hz
B: 50/60Hz
Version
Digit
SO14
Package TL5:
Pentawatt HV Package
with lead forming
ASDTM
ORDERING INFORMATION
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Tj=25°C, unless otherwise specified)
Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit
Vcc Supply voltage in preheat mode 712V
V
UVLO Under voltage lock-out threshold 5V
V
CCH Supply limitation high in standbymode 6.8 7.7 8.7 V
VCCL Supply limitation low in standby mode 6.77 7.57 8.41 V
ICC Supply current in standby mode 440 450 475 µA
ISO Ignition current level Rsense= 0.39Ω280 350 420 mA
LAMP OFF STATE DETECTION
tc Checking delay after zero crossing lamp voltage
EFS2A version 2.9 5.9 ms
EFS2B version 2.5 7.5 ms
VREF Internal referencevoltage 1.12 1.26 V
DRIVER
Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit
VT + Positive on-state voltage IT= 1.5A tp =500µs 2.1 3.15 V
VT - Negative on-statevoltage IT= 1.5A tp = 500µs 0.89 1.2 V
VBR Breakdown positive voltage IDRM = 5mA tp= 10ms 1200 1350 1500 V
VDCM
VRCM Non repetitive peak off-state voltage
Pin 1 = Pin2 = Pin 4 =Pin 5 Repetitive rate : 3Hz 800 V
IDRM
IRRM Leakage current, at VDRM/VRRM rated
Pin 1 = Pin2 = Pin 4 =Pin 5 20 µA
IHHolding current dI/dt = 9 A/ms
Pin1 = Pin2 = Pin4 = Pin5 350 mA
ASD
EFS
5/14
4
9
7/8/10/11
3/5/6
14
13
12 2
5
13
4
R3
R4
R5
C1
DRIVER ASD
2
U1
U2
R2R1
THERMAL
FUSE
R6
D1
4
Vcc
GND
OPEN
one of the tracks
DEMONSTRATION BOARD DIAGRAM
Application Conditions
AC mains Single
230V - 50Hz Single
120V - 60Hz Twin series 230V / 50Hz or
single 115V / 50Hz
Lamp Power Range 18 to 70W 18 to 36W
Ambient Temperature Range -30 to + 85°C (note 3)
Recommended Components
ASD version EFS21
Driver version EFS2A or EFS2B EFS2B EFS2A or EFS2B
R1, R2 30kΩ- 0.125W -5% 15kΩ- 0.125W - 5%
R3 130kΩ- 0.125W - 5%
R4 2.2kΩ- 0.25W - 5% 3.3kΩ- 0.25W -5%
R5 0.39Ω- 0.25W - 5% (note 4)
R6 0.39kΩ- 0.25W- 5%
C1 22µF - 16V - 20%
C2 BYD17K (800V)
Note 3: below -20°C, it is recommended to limit the lamp powerrange to 58W.
Note 4: R5(Rsense) should have a 8 A, 10 ms surge capability.
RECOMMENDED COMPONENTS ACCORDING TO APPLICATION CONDITIONS
Pin 2 isthe preheat time select pin. Toselect a shortpreheat time, drill to cutthe Vcc topin 2 track at the
metallic hole. To select a long preheat time, drill to cut the GND to pin 2 track. The layout must be
configured for either choice to avoid supply short circuit.
When the starter has to be protected against over-temperature, over-current or short circuit, it is
recommended to implementa thermal fuse in series with the starter.
To meet(IEC 926)standards, acapacitor (f.i.5nF) can beconnected betweenpin 3and pin 4 ofthe ASD.
BOARD ASSEMBLY
DRILL and CUT the track
for SHORT preheat -->
for LONG preheat -->
PCB with Pentawatt HV and SO14
EFS
6/14
3
2
1FLUORESCENT
TUBE
220V / 50HZ
BALLAST
V strike
The mains voltage is applied Preheating of the tube Striking of the tube
PREHEAT
EFS STARLIGHT-KIT APPLICATION NOTE
he Starter is a bi-directional switch which performs two functions:
nthe preheat of the tube,
nthe ignition of the tube.
1/ THE AC POWER SWITCH: FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
During the preheat period, the ASDis fully
conducting. The tube lamp is short circuited by the
starter, and the current flows throughits filaments.
In these conditions, the lamp can not light up, but
the temperature of the lamp electrodes increases.
At the end of the preheat period, lamp filaments
are warm enough to emit electrons in the gas and
to permit the lamp ignition in good conditions. The
ASDswitches off the preheating current . At this
moment, the ballast is equivalent to a current
generator (I=ISO, ISO = Switched Off current). As
the ASDswitches off, the starter voltage
increases. Theamplitude ofthis highvoltage spike
is then clamped by the ASD(VBR′1350 V). As
the starter and the lamp are in parallel, the striking
pulse is directly applied to the lamp. The
electromagnetic energy of the ballast is then
discharged through the lamp and the ASD.
Striking pulse
The AC SWITCH merges an auxiliary power
supply for the driver, a power clamping device
(1350V) and a bi-directional switch with his
execution pilot block.
2/ WHAT’S NEW IN THIS SWITCH?
GND
Vcc
G2
TUBE
G1
Power supply
ON /OFF
DRIVER
AC SWITCH
HIGH
VOLTAGE
CLAMPING
NEW EFS ASD
EFS
7/14
Present solutions work with a unidirectional
switch, like MOS transistors or GTO (Gate Turn
Off thyristor). As a starter is a bi-directional switch,
it is necessary to use a rectifier bridge (4 diodesof
1500V ). More, 2 or 3 diodes in series with the
GTO are required to get the necessary switch off
effect, and the whole is controlled with an analog
timer built around a small SCR.
The interest of a bi-directional switch arises itself:
a drastic reduction of the number of components,
and of course, a reduction of power losses (only 1
forward voltageinstead of 5).
A lamp requires a minimum energy level to be ignited, but this energy depends especially on the lamp
temperature. The lower the temperature is, the moreenergetic the lamp strike is.
This energy stored in the ballast is directly proportional to the Switched Off current
IE
LI
SO SO
(.)=2
2.
In other words, the required energy and of course the ISO level, are maximum for the minimum
temperature. Results based on experiments show that it is necessary to switch off a current of 350 mA to
strike a 58W tube at -30°C (with a voltage amplitude clamped at 1200Vand starting aid).
Therefore, the best wayto strike atube independentlyof the temperature is tokeep the maximum ISO level
for all the temperature range. Unfortunately, thesolution is not sosimple to implement because the energy
level at ambient or warm temperature would be much important: the lamp would be ignited, but the lamp
lifetime would be shortened. This is why one of the innovations of the ASDis to modulate the striking
energy versus temperature (see feature hereafter).
3/ LAMP IGNITION FEATURE:
For freezing temperatures, the ISO level is maintained at 350 mA, and for positive temperatures, the ISO
level decreases slowly.
GTO
SCR
1500V
Conventional discrete circuit (minimal version)
A.S.D.FEATURE
I.S.O.
350mA
200mA
Switched off current
versus ambient temperature
EFS
8/14
In order to reduce the number of components, an
auxiliary power supply is integrated in the ASD.
This active power supply works directly on the
mains and requires only a low voltage capacitor
16V - 22µF. The operating mode of this supply
varies with the starter operating phase:
4/ AUXILIARY POWER SUPPLY:
DRIVER
ASD
VCC
G1
GND
TUBE
C SUPPLY
7.57
7.68
D1
R1R2
R6
POWER SUPPLY SCHEMATIC
Supply operation during preheat phase:
During preheat phase, the driver manages alone the supply function (neitherthe driver nor D1 and R6 are
involved). A partof the current flowing through theASDis used, at thebeginning and at theend of each
positive mains half cycle, to charge the output capacitor.
Supply operation during standby phase:
When the lamp is lit, the monitors its supply voltage (Vcc). At the beginning of each positive mains half
cycle, when Vcc is lower than 7.57V, the driver closes the ASDsupply switch. The capacitor is charged
to provide the standby current of the driver. During this phase the tube lamp is short circuited by the
ASD. When the supply voltage reaches 7.68V, the driver opens the ASDsupply switch. Since this
current is also flowing in the ballast, the supply turn off provides across the lamp an additional voltage
spike. After running few minutes the lamp becomes warm and this spike voltage naturally decreases.
SUPPLY DURING PREHEAT PHASE
Starter current
Starter voltage
at the ignition
5min after
ignition
SUPPLY DURING STANDBY PHASE
(Without E.M.I. Capacitornor R6 nor D1)
To reduce dramatically this repetitive voltage spikes across the lamp, the R6 resistor with the diode D1
provide a part of the supply current. Thus, the ripplevoltage of the supply voltageis reduced, as wellas the
level of the switched off current. On the other hand, this increases the safety margin of the RF noise
(versus the IEC 55015 limits)
EFS
9/14
5/ THE DRIVER: FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
GND
G1
G2
Preheat
Select
Vcc
Shunt
State
tube
Minimum
Power supply
State tube detection
(Striked / Off)
0 current synchro
ISO synchro
350mA
Pre-heat
period
counter
1,5s
or
2.5s
Current generator
30mA
8 attempts
Strikes counter
UVLO
Clock 1/8
EFS2A DRIVER Internal block diagram (50Hz operation)
ALGORITHM
1. At switch on:
At switchon,an integratedUnder Voltage Lock Outfunction (UVLO)resets thedriver aslong as thesupply
voltage stays below a safety level.
2. Preheat:
The ignition sequence begins with the preheat
phase.Two differentduration’s canbe selected with
PIN 2 (see table EFS STARLIGHT-KIT PARTS
SELECTION page 2).
Duringthis phase, the drivermaintains the ASDin
a full ON-state making the starter equivalent to a
bi-directional conducting switch.
3. Ignition of the fluorescent tube:
At the end of the preheat period, the starter strikes
the fluorescent lamp.
For that, the driver reads continuously the current
through the starter. When the current reaches the
Switch Off level (ISO = 350mA), the driver turns off
theASD. Thisinducesahighvoltage pulseacross
the lamp. This pulse amplitude is limited by the
ASD(′1350V).
4. If the lamp fails to strike:
The driver detects the state of the tube (lit or off). If it
stays off during 8 mains cycles (loop 1), a new
preheat period, shorter than the first one, starts
again (loop 3), followed by a new ignition attempt.
The driver will try to fire the tube 8 times. If none of
the8 attempts succeeds in strikingthe lamp, the driverturns in standbymode, andthe whole starteris fully
stopped until the next mains removal and power supply reset.
5. If the lamp is ignited:
If the lamp is ignited, the driver stays in standby mode while monitoring the state of the lamp (loop 2).
During normal operation of the tube, this short pulse is masked by the lamp conduction. If the mains
interruptionis really longenough toturn offcompletely the lamp,a new ignition sequencestarts again (loop
3) with 8 other new possible attempts.
ACMAINS ON
UVLO RESET
Preheat *
1.5s or 2.5s
Strike
Attempt = Attempt + 1
Preheat *
0.75s or 1.25s
Attempt <8
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
Loop 3
Loop 2 Tube
Ignited?
Fail = Fail+ 1
Fail = 8
Fail = 0
Autosupply
Autosupply
Fail = 0
Attempt = 0
* see the preheat duration table § 6
Loop 1
EFS
10/14
The driver determines the preheat duration by counting mains cycles. This numeric solution brings
naturally a good precision depending only on the mains frequency tolerance.
With the 2 driver versions, the EFS startlight-kit provides a choice of 4 preheat duration’s. The following
tablegives thepreheat durationbefore the firstignition attempt.Theseven nextpreheat duration’s, incase
of unsuccessful ignition attempt, last the half of the first one
6/ PREHEAT PHASE DURATION 50-60Hz:
PREHEAT DURATION
MAINS FREQUENCY 50Hz 60Hz
DRIVER VERSION EFS2A EFS2B EFS2B
Pin 2 connection GND VCC GND VCC GND VCC
1.5s 2.56s 0.74s 1.24s 0.62s 1.03s
During the ignition sequence or once the lamp is lit, the starter checks the state of the lamp (lit or off).
To determine this state, the driver reads the lamp voltage through the resistor bridge(R1+R2+R3, R4).
- If the lamp is off, its voltage equal the mains voltage.
- If the lamp is lit, its voltage is only 80 V (for a 58W lamp).
Thus the lamp state is determined by comparison of the lamp voltage with a programmed detection level.
7/ TUBE STATE DETECTION:
DL
DL
TCmin TCMAX
min
MAX
LIT Lamp
Voltage
OFF Lamp
Voltage
CORRECT SETTING = NO WAVEFORM
ACROSS THE GREY AREATolerance effects:
Tolerances on resistors (R1, R2, R3 and R4) as
well as on the integrated comparator bring a
tolerance on the set detection level. Thus the
detection level is included in a range delimited by
the maximum and the minimum detection levels
(DLMAX DLmin).
The driver checks the state of the lamp when
mains voltage is maximum, that isto say 5ms after
the zero crossing mains voltage (50Hz). Here
again internal tolerances bring a tolerance on the
real checking moment (TCmin TCMAX).
How to set the detection level?
Only theR4 resistor value can be set to adjust the detection level. Values of resitors R1 toR3 must match
values of the table RECOMMENDED COMPONENTS ACCORDING TO APPLICATION CONDITIONS of
the page 5. Practically the R4resistor value has to be set so thatneither the OFF lamp voltage nor the LIT
lamp voltage cross the grey area.
The DLMAX and DLmin limits can be calculated as follows:
DL xR R R R
RDL
MAX MAX MAX MAX
=+++1265 4 1 2 3
4
.( )
and
min
min min =++ +1122 4 1 2 3
4
.( )min min min
xR R R R
R
MAX
MAX
EFS
11/14
As required in the IEC 926 standard (§11.5),
“starters which are interchangeable with glow
starters in accordance with IEC 155 shall contain
means for radio interference suppression, the
effect of which is equivalent to that of the radio
interference suppression capacitor prescribed in
7.12 of IEC 155”.
The EFS starlight-kit is compatible with this 5nF
E.M.I. Capacitor which must be connecteddirectly
across the ASD(between pin 3 “TUBE” and pin
4 “GND”).
On the other hand, this E.M.I. capacitor increases
the striking pulse width of about 55% on positive
temperatures.
8/ E.M.I. CAPACITOR:
4
9
7/8/10/11
2/3/5/6
14
13
12 2
5
13
4
Rsense
DRIVER ASD
1
C
E.M.I.
8.1. Operation in single lamp configuration
The EFS STARLIGHT-KIT is ideal in the following configurations:
- Single Starter / 230V/ 50Hz - Single Starter / 230V / 60Hz- Single Starter / 120V / 60Hz
AC
MAINS
T
U
B
E
Note 4: the different driver versions should be chosen according to the table “EFS STARLIGHT KITPARTS SELECTION” page 2.
Note 5: Components to choose are listed in the table “RECOMMENDED COMPONENTS ACCORDING TO APPLICATION CONDITIONS”
page 5.
8.2. Operation with capacitor for power factor correction:
The EFS STARLIGHT-KIT is also suitable for magnetic ballast including front end parallel capacitor.
The EFS STARLIGHT-KIT is NOT suitable for magnetic ballast including front end serial capacitor.
T
U
B
E
LEADING MAGNETIC BALLAST WITH
SERIAL CAPACITOR
AC
MAINS
T
U
B
E
MAGNETIC BALLAST WITH SHUNT
PARALLEL CAPACITOR
EFS
12/14
8.3. Operation on the 230V/50Hz AC mains in twin tubes configuration
The EFS STARLIGHT-KIT is also suitable for the configurations Twin tubes Starter
Note 5: Components to choose are listed in the table “RECOMMENDED COMPONENTS ACCORDING TO APPLICATION CONDITIONS”
page 5.
The only electrical diagram difference consists of the R4 resistor which needs to be changed from 1 to
2.2kΩ. Without this modification, the starter will generate only one ignition attempt instead of 8 in case of
defective lamp; the loop 3 isremoved fromthe algorithm described in page 9.
In the TwinSeries 230V/50Hz configuration, the polarity of the two starters must be respected:
In case of no operation of starters, rotate one of the starters of 180°on its socket.
230V / 50HZ
BALLAST
STARTER
SOCKET
FLUORESCENT
TUBE
OFF
OFF
ALIGHT
ALIGHT
Rotate of 180°
only one starter
AC
MAINS
230V
T
U
B
E
T
U
B
E
TWINTUBE
EFS
13/14
PACKAGE MECHANICAL DATA
SO14 (Driver)
b
e3
DM
F
8
14
17
e
a2 A
LG
S
Ea1 b1
c1
C
Dim. Millimeters Inches
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A 1.75 0.069
a1 0.1 0.2 0.004 0.008
a2 1.6 0.063
b 0.35 0.46 0.014 0.018
b1 0.19 0.25 0.007 0.010
C 0.5 0.020
c1 45o(typ.)
D 8.55 8.75 0.336 0.334
E 5.8 6.2 0.228 0.244
e 1.27 0.050
e3 7.62 0.300
F 3.8 4.0 0.150 0.157
G 4.6 5.3 0.181 0.208
L 0.5 1.27 0.020 0.050
M 0.68 0.027
S8
o
(max.)
EFS
14/14
PACKAGE MECHANICAL DATA
Pentawatt HV with lead forming - TL5 (ASD)
REF.
DIMENSIONS
Millimeters Inches
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A 4.3 4.8 0.169 0.188
C 1.22 1.42 0.048 0.056
D 2.4 2.8 0.094 0.110
DIAM 3.65 3.85 0.144 0.152
E 0.35 0.45 0.014 0.018
F 0.65 0.75 0.026 0.030
G1 4.88 5.28 0.192 0.208
G2 7.42 7.82 0.292 0.308
H2 10.4 0.409
H3 10.05 10.4 0.396 0.409
L1 3.3 0.130
L2 14.24 14.64 0.560 0.576
L3 2.34 2.74 0.092 0.108
L5 2.6 3 0.102 0.118
L6 15.1 15.8 0.594 0.622
L7 6 6.6 0.236 0.260
R 0.5 0.020
Informationfurnished isbelieved to be accurateandreliable. However, STMicroelectronics assumesno responsibility forthe consequencesof
use ofsuch information nor forany infringementofpatents or other rightsof third partieswhich mayresult from its use. No licenseis granted by
implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of STMicroelectronics. Specifications mentioned in this publication are subject to
change without notice. This publication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied.
STMicroelectronics products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without express written ap-
proval of STMicroelectronics. The STlogo is a registered trademark of STMicroelectronics
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