General Description
The MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489 wide-
band, low-noise, low-distortion operational amplifiers
offer rail-to-rail outputs and single-supply operation
down to 2.7V. They draw 2.2mA of quiescent supply
current per amplifier while featuring ultra-low distortion
(0.0002% THD+N), as well as low input voltage-noise
density (4.5nV/√Hz) and low input current-noise density
(0.5fA/√Hz). These features make the devices an ideal
choice for applications that require low distortion and/or
low noise.
For power conservation, the MAX4475/MAX4488 offer
a low-power shutdown mode that reduces supply cur-
rent to 0.01µA and places the amplifiers’ outputs into a
high-impedance state. These amplifiers have outputs
which swing rail-to-rail and their input common-mode
voltage range includes ground. The MAX4475–MAX4478
are unity-gain stable with a gain-bandwidth product
of 10MHz. The MAX4488/4489 are internally compen-
sated for gains of +5V/V or greater with a gain-band-
width product of 42MHz. The single MAX4475/MAX4476/
MAX4488 are available in space-saving, 6-pin SOT23
and TDFN packages.
Applications
● ADC Bu󰀨ers
● DAC Output Ampliers
● Low-Noise Microphone/Preampliers
●Digital Scales
● Strain Gauges/Sensor Ampliers
●Medical Instrumentation
Features
● Low Input Voltage-Noise Density: 4.5nV/√Hz
● Low Input Current-Noise Density: 0.5fA/√Hz
●Low Distortion: 0.0002% THD+N (1kΩ load)
●Single-Supply Operation from +2.7V to +5.5V
●Input Common-Mode Voltage Range Includes
Ground
●Rail-to-Rail Output Swings with a 1kΩ Load
●10MHz GBW Product, Unity-Gain Stable
(MAX4475–MAX4478)
● 42MHz GBW Product, Stable with AV ≥ +5V/V
(MAX4488/MAX4489)
●Excellent DC Characteristics
VOS = 70µV
IBIAS = 1pA
Large-Signal Voltage Gain = 120dB
●Low-Power Shutdown Mode:
●Reduces Supply Current to 0.01µA
●Places Output in High-Impedance State
●Available in Space-Saving SOT23, TDFN, µMAX®,
and TSSOP Packages
●AEC-Q100 Qualified, Refer to Ordering Information
for the List of /V Parts
µMAX is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
Ordering Information at end of data sheet.
Click here for production status of specic part numbers.
25
20
10
5
0
10 1k 10k100 100k
INPUT VOLTAGE-NOISE DENSITY
vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4475 toc20
FREQUENCY (Hz)
15
VIN
EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE (nV
√Hz)
MAX4475–MAX4478/
MAX4488/MAX4489
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,
Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
19-2137; Rev 10; 8/18
Pin Configurations and Typical Operating Circuit appear at
end of data sheet.
Typical Operating Characteristic
Power-Supply Voltage (VDD to VSS) .................... -0.3V to +6.0V
Analog Input Voltage (IN_+, IN_-) . (VSS - 0.3V) to (VDD + 0.3V)
SHDN Input Voltage ..................................(VSS - 0.3V) to +6.0V
Output Short-Circuit Duration to Either Supply .........Continuous
Continuous Input Current (IN+, IN-) .................................±10mA
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C)
6-Pin SOT23 (derate 5.4mW/°C above +70°C) .......431.3mW
6-Pin TDFN (derate 18.2mW/°C above 70°C) ..........1454mW
8-Pin µMAX (derate 4.5mW/°C above +70°C) ............362mW
8-Pin SO (derate 5.88mW/°C above +70°C) ............... 471mW
14-Pin SO (derate 8.33mW/°C above +70°C) ............. 667mW
14-Pin TSSOP (derate 9.1mW/°C above +70°C) ........727mW
Operating Temperature Range ......................... -40°C to +125°C
Junction Temperature ...................................................... +150°C
Storage Temperature Range ............................ -65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C
Soldering Temperature (reflow) ....................................... +260°C
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MAX4475–MAX4478/
MAX4488/MAX4489
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,
Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these
or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
Absolute Maximum Ratings
SOT23-6
PACKAGE CODE U6F+6
Outline Number 21-0058
Land Pattern Number 90-0175
Thermal Resistance, Single-Layer Board
Junction to Ambient (θJA) 185.5°C/W
Junction to Case (θJC) 75°C/W
Thermal Resistance, Multi-Layer Board
Junction to Ambient (θJA) 134.4°C/W
Junction to Case (θJC) 39°C/W
µMAX-8
PACKAGE CODE U8+4
Outline Number 21-0036
Land Pattern Number 90-0092
Thermal Resistance, Multi-Layer Board
Junction to Ambient (θJA) 206°C/W
Junction to Case (θJC) 42
µMAX-8
PACKAGE CODE U8+1
Outline Number 21-0036
Land Pattern Number 90-0092
Thermal Resistance, Single-Layer Board
Junction to Ambient (θJA) 221°C/W
Junction to Case (θJC) 42°C/W
Thermal Resistance, Multi-Layer Board
Junction to Ambient (θJA) 206°C/W
Junction to Case (θJC) 42°C/W
Package Information
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MAX4475–MAX4478/
MAX4488/MAX4489
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,
Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
TSSOP-14
PACKAGE CODE U14+2
Outline Number 21-0066
Land Pattern Number 90-0113
Thermal Resistance, Single-Layer Board
Junction to Ambient (θJA) 110°C/W
Junction to Case (θJC) 30°C/W
Thermal Resistance, Multi-Layer Board
Junction to Ambient (θJA) 100.4°C/W
Junction to Case (θJC) 30°C/W
SO-8
PACKAGE CODE S8+4
Outline Number 21-0041
Land Pattern Number 90-0096
Thermal Resistance, Single-Layer Board
Junction to Ambient (θJA) 170°C/W
Junction to Case (θJC) 40
Thermal Resistance, Multi-Layer Board
Junction to Ambient (θJA) 132°C/W
Junction to Case (θJC) 38
SO-14
PACKAGE CODE S14+4
Outline Number 21-0041
Land Pattern Number 90-0112
Thermal Resistance, Single-Layer Board
Junction to Ambient (θJA) 120°C/W
Junction to Case (θJC) 37°C/W
Thermal Resistance, Multi-Layer Board
Junction to Ambient (θJA) 84°C/W
Junction to Case (θJC) 34°C/W
Package Information (continued)
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4
MAX4475–MAX4478/
MAX4488/MAX4489
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,
Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
Package Information (continued)
TDFN-6
PACKAGE CODE T633+2
Outline Number 21-0137
Land Pattern Number 90-0058
Thermal Resistance, Single-Layer Board
Junction to Ambient (θJA) 55°C/W
Junction to Case (θJC) 9°C/W
Thermal Resistance, Multi-Layer Board
Junction to Ambient (θJA) 42°C/W
Junction to Case (θJC) 9°C/W
Package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in JEDEC specification JESD51-7, using a four-layer board.
For detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to www.maximintegrated.com/thermal-tutorial.
For the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maximintegrated.com/packages. Note that a “+”,
“#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing
pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status.
(VDD = +5V, VSS = 0V, VCM = 0V, VOUT = VDD/2, RL tied to VDD/2, SHDN = VDD, TA = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted.
Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Notes 1, 2)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Supply Voltage Range VDD (Note 3) 2.7 5.5 V
Quiescent Supply Current Per
Amplifier ID
Normal mode VDD = 3V 2.2 mA
VDD = 5V 2.5 4.4
Shutdown mode (SHDN = VSS) (Note 2) 0.01 1.0 µA
Input Offset Voltage VOS
TA = +25°C ±70 ±350 µV
TA = -40°C to +125°C ±750
Input Offset Voltage Tempco TCVOS ±0.3 ±6 µV/°C
Input Bias Current IB(Note 4) ±1 ±150 pA
Input Offset Current IOS (Note 4) ±1 ±150 pA
Differential Input Resistance RIN 1000 GΩ
Input Common-Mode Voltage
Range VCM Guaranteed by
CMRR Test
TA = +25°C -0.2 VDD - 1.6 V
TA = -40°C to +125°C -0.1 VDD - 1.7
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio CMRR
(VSS - 0.2V) ≤
VCM ≤ (VDD –
1.6V)
TA = +25°C 90 115
dB
(VSS - 0.1V) ≤
VCM ≤ (VDD –
1.7V)
TA = -40°C to +125°C 90
Power-Supply Rejection Ratio PSRR VDD = 2.7 to 5.5V 90 120 dB
Large-Signal Voltage Gain AVOL
RL = 10kΩ to VDD/2;
VOUT = 100mV to (VDD - 125mV) 90 120
dB
RL = 1kΩ to VDD/2;
VOUT = 200mV to (VDD - 250mV) 85 110
RL = 500Ω to VDD/2;
VOUT = 350mV to (VDD - 500mV) 85 110
Output Voltage Swing VOUT
|VIN+ - VIN-| ≥ 10mV,
RL = 10kΩ to VDD/2
VDD - VOH 10 45
mV
VOL - VSS 10 40
|VIN+ - VIN-| ≥ 10mV,
RL = 1kΩ to VDD/2
VDD - VOH 80 200
VOL - VSS 50 150
|VIN+ - VIN-| ≥ 10mV,
RL = 500Ω to VDD/2
VDD - VOH 100 300
VOL - VSS 80 250
Output Short-Circuit Current ISC 48 mA
Output Leakage Current ILEAK Shutdown mode (SHDN = VSS),
VOUT = VSS to VDD ±0.001 ±1.0 µA
SHDN Logic-Low VIL 0.3 x VDD V
SHDN Logic-High VIH 0.7 x VDD V
SHDN Input Current SHDN = VSS to VDD 0.01 1 µA
Input Capacitance CIN 10 pF
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MAX4475–MAX4478/
MAX4488/MAX4489
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,
Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
DC Electrical Characteristics
(VDD = +5V, VSS = 0V, VCM = 0V, VOUT = VDD/2, RL tied to VDD/2, SHDN = VDD, TA = +25°C.)
Note 1: All devices are 100% tested at TA = +25°C. Limits over temperature are guaranteed by design.
Note 2: SHDN is available on the MAX4475/MAX4488 only.
Note 3: Guaranteed by the PSRR test.
Note 4: Guaranteed by design.
Note 5: Full-power bandwidth for unity-gain stable devices (MAX4475–MAX4478) is measured in a closed-loop gain of +2V/V to
accommodate the input voltage range, VOUT = 4VP-P.
Note 6: Lowpass-filter bandwidth is 22kHz for f = 1kHz and 80kHz for f = 20kHz. Noise floor of test equipment = 10nV/√Hz.
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Gain-Bandwidth Product GBWP MAX4475–MAX4478 AV = +1V/V 10 MHz
MAX4488/MAX4489 AV = +5V/V 42
Slew Rate SR MAX4475–MAX4478 AV = +1V/V 3 V/µs
MAX4488/MAX4489 AV = +5V/V 10
Full-Power Bandwidth (Note 5) MAX4475–MAX4478 AV = +1V/V 0.4 MHz
MAX4488/MAX4489 AV = +5V/V 1.25
Peak-to-Peak Input Noise Voltage en(P-P) f = 0.1Hz to 10Hz 260 nVP-P
Input Voltage-Noise Density en
f = 10Hz 21
nV/√Hzf = 1kHz 4.5
f = 30kHz 3.5
Input Current-Noise Density inf = 1kHz 0.5 fA/√Hz
Total Harmonic Distortion Plus
Noise (Note 6) THD + N
VOUT = 2VP-P,
AV = +1V/V
(MAX4475–MAX4478),
RL = 10kΩ to GND
f = 1kHz 0.0002
%
f = 20kHz 0.0007
VOUT = 2VP-P,
AV = +1V/V
(MAX4475–MAX4478),
RL = 1kΩ to GND
f = 1kHz 0.0002
f = 20kHz 0.001
VOUT = 2VP-P,
AV = +5V/V (MAX4488/
MAX4489),
RL = 10kΩ to GND
f = 1kHz 0.0004
f = 20kHz 0.0006
Total Harmonic Distortion Plus
Noise (Note 6) THD + N
VOUT = 2VP-P,
AV = +5V/V
(MAX4488/MAX4489),
RL = 1kΩ to GND
f = 1kHz 0.0005
%
f = 20kHz 0.008
Capacitive-Load Stability No sustained oscillations 200 pF
Gain Margin GM 12 dB
Phase Margin FMMAX4475–MAX4478, AV = +1V/V 70 degrees
MAX4488/MAX4489, AV = +5V/V 80
Settling Time To 0.01%, VOUT = 2V step 2 µs
Delay Time to Shutdown tSH 1.5 µs
Enable Delay Time from Shutdown tEN VOUT = 2.5V, VOUT settles to 0.1% 10 µs
Power-Up Delay Time VDD = 0 to 5V step, VOUT stable to 0.1% 13 µs
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MAX4475–MAX4478/
MAX4488/MAX4489
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,
Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
AC Electrical Characteristics
(VDD = +5V, VSS = 0V, VCM = 0V, VOUT = VDD/2, RL tied to VDD/2, input noise oor of test equipment =10nV/√Hz for all distortion
measurements, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
0
10
30
20
40
50
-0.5 1.50.5 2.5 3.5 4.5
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE
vs. INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE
MAX4475 toc03
INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (
µV)
VDD = 3V
VDD = 5V
-250
-100
-150
-200
0
-50
200
150
100
50
250
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
OFFSET VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4475 toc02
TEMPERATURE (°C)
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (
µV)
VCOM = 0V
4
2
10
8
6
12
14
16
18
-50 -30 -20-40 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION
MAX4475-8 toc1
VOS (µV)
PERCENTAGE OF UNITS (%)
0
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
0 50 100 150 200 250
LARGE-SIGNAL VOLTAGE GAIN
vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING
MAX4475 toc09
VOUT SWING FROM EITHER SUPPLY (mV)
AV (dB)
RL = 200kΩ
RL = 20kΩ
RL = 2kΩ
VDD = 5V
RL REFERENCED TO GND
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
0 50 100 150 200 250
LARGE-SIGNAL VOLTAGE GAIN
vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING
MAX4475 toc08
VOUT SWING FROM EITHER SUPPLY (mV)
AV (dB)
RL = 200kΩRL = 20kΩ
RL = 2kΩ
VDD = 3V
RL REFERENCED TO VDD
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
0 50 100 150 200 250
LARGE-SIGNAL VOLTAGE GAIN
vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING
MAX4475 toc07
VOUT SWING FROM EITHER SUPPLY (mV)
AV (dB)
RL = 200kΩRL = 20kΩRL = 2kΩ
VDD = 3V
RL REFERENCED TO GND
0
20
10
40
30
60
50
70
-50 0 25-25 50 75 100 125
OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING (VOL)
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4475 toc06
TEMPERATURE (°C)
VOL (mV)
RL = 1kΩ
RL = 10kΩ
0
20
10
40
30
60
50
70
-50 0 25-25 50 75 100 125
OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING (VOH)
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4475 toc05
TEMPERATURE (°C)
VDD - VOH (mV)
RL = 1kΩ
RL = 10kΩ
0
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0 4 52 31 6 7 8 9 10
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs. OUTPUT LOAD CURRENT
MAX4475 toc04
OUTPUT LOAD CURRENT (mA)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
VDD - VOH
VOL
VDD = 3V OR 5V
VDIFF = 10mV
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MAX4475–MAX4478/
MAX4488/MAX4489
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,
Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
Typical Operating Characteristics
(VDD = +5V, VSS = 0V, VCM = 0V, VOUT = VDD/2, RL tied to VDD/2, input noise oor of test equipment =10nV/√Hz for all distortion
measurements, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX4488/MAX4489
GAIN AND PHASE vs. FREQUENCY
INPUT FREQUENCY (Hz)
100 100k 1M 10M1k 10k 100M
GAIN (dB)
60
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
50
40
30
-180
PHASE (degrees)
180
-144
-108
-72
-36
0
36
144
108
72
MAX4475 toc17
VDD = 3V OR 5V
RL = 50kΩ
CL = 20pF
AV = +1000V/V
GAIN
PHASE
MAX4475–MAX4478
GAIN AND PHASE vs. FREQUENCY
INPUT FREQUENCY (Hz)
100 100k 1M 10M1k 10k 100M
GAIN (dB)
60
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
50
40
30
-180
PHASE (degrees)
180
-144
-108
-72
-36
0
36
144
108
72
MAX4475 toc16
VDD = 3V OR 5V
RL = 50kΩ
CL = 20pF
AV = +1000V/V
GAIN
PHASE
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
2.5 3.53.0 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX4475 toc15
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (
µV)
0
1.0
0.5
2.0
1.5
2.5
3.0
0 21 3 4 5
SUPPLY CURRENT
vs.OUTPUT VOLTAGE
MAX4475 toc14
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
VDD = 5V
VDD = 3V
0
1.0
0.5
2.0
1.5
2.5
3.0
2.5 3.5 4.03.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX4475 toc13
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
PER AMPLIFIER
0
1.0
0.5
2.0
1.5
2.5
3.0
-50 25 50-25 0 75 100 125
SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4475 toc12
TEMPERATURE (°C)
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
PER AMPLIFIER
50
70
60
100
90
80
130
120
110
140
-50 0 25-25 50 75 100 125
LARGE-SIGNAL VOLTAGE GAIN
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4475 toc11
TEMPERATURE (°C)
AVOL (dB)
RL = 100kΩ
RL = 10kΩ
VOUT = 150mV TO 4.75V
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
0 50 100 150 200 250
LARGE-SIGNAL VOLTAGE GAIN
vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING
MAX4475 toc10
VOUT SWING FROM EITHER SUPPLY (mV)
AV (dB)
RL = 200kΩ
RL = 2kΩ
RL = 20kΩ
VDD = 5V
RL REFERENCED TO VDD
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MAX4475–MAX4478/
MAX4488/MAX4489
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,
Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VDD = +5V, VSS = 0V, VCM = 0V, VOUT = VDD/2, RL tied to VDD/2, input noise oor of test equipment =10nV/√Hz for all distortion
measurements, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
1000
100
10
1
0.1
0.01
1 100 1k10 10k
OUTPUT IMPEDANCE
vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4475 toc19
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Ω)
AV = +5
AV = +1
1000 100,000
-130
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110
-120
0
0.001 0.1 10
MAX4475–MAX4478
POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO
vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4475 toc18
FREQUENCY (kHz)
PSRR (dB)
VDD = 3V OR 5V
0.01
0.001
0 20k
MAX4475–MAX4478
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE
vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4475 toc25
FREQUENCY (Hz)
THD + N (%)
5k 10k 15k
FILTER BW = 80kHz
VOUT = 2VP-P
AV = +1
RL = 1kΩ
RL TO VDD/2 RL TO GND
RL TO VDD
0.01
0.0001
0 10k 20k
MAX4488/MAX4489
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION
PLUS NOISE vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4475 toc24
FREQUENCY (Hz)
THD + N (%)
0.001
5k 15k
FILTER BW = 22kHz
RL = 10kΩ TO GND
R1 = 5.6kΩ, R2 = 53kΩ
VOUT = 2VP-P
AV = +10, VDD = 3V
AV = +10, VDD = 5V
MAX4488/MAX4489
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE
vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VP-P)
0 21 3
THD + N (%)
10
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
1
0.1
MAX4475 toc23
VDD = +3V, fO = 20kHz
FILTER BW = 80kHz
VDD = 3V, fO = 3kHz
FILTER BW = 30kHz
AV = +5
RL = 100kΩ
MAX4475
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE
vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING
MAX4475 toc22
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VP-P)
THD + N (%)
10
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
0 21 3 4
fO = 20kHz, FILTER BW = 80kHz
fO = 3kHz, FILTER BW = 30kHz
AV = +1
RL = 100kΩ
1s/div
0.1Hz TO 10HzP-P NOISE
VDD = 3V OR 5V
VP-P NOISE = 260nVP-P
200nV/div
MAX4475 toc21
25
20
10
5
0
10 1k 10k100 100k
INPUT VOLTAGE-NOISE DENSITY
vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4475 toc20
FREQUENCY (Hz)
15
VIN
EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE (nV
√Hz)
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MAX4475–MAX4478/
MAX4488/MAX4489
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,
Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VDD = +5V, VSS = 0V, VCM = 0V, VOUT = VDD/2, RL tied to VDD/2, input noise oor of test equipment =10nV/√Hz for all distortion
measurements, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
-20
-90
10 1000100 100k 100M10M
MAX4477/MAX4478/MAX4489
CROSSTALK vs. FREQUENCY
-60
-50
-40
-30
MAX4475 toc31
FREQUENCY (Hz)
CROSSTALK (dB)
10k 1M
-70
-80
1µs/div
MAX4488/MAX4489
SMALL-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE
VDD = 3V, RL = 10kΩ, CL = 50pF
VIN = 20mV PULSE, AV = +5V/V
MAX4475 toc30
VOUT
50mV/div
1.6V
1.5V
1µs/div
MAX4488/MAX4489
LARGE-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE
VDD = 3V, RL = 10kΩ, CL = 50pF
VIN = 20mV PULSE, AV = +5V/V
MAX4475 toc29
VOUT
200mV/div
4µs/div
MAX4475–MAX4478
SMALL-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE
VDD = 3V, RL = 10kΩ, CL = 100pF
VIN = 100mV PULSE
0.5V
MAX4475 toc28
0.6V
20mV/div
1µs/div
MAX4475–MAX4478
LARGE-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE
VDD = 3V, RL = 10kΩ, CL = 100pF
VIN = 2V
0.5V
MAX4475 toc27
2.5V
1
0.0001
0 5k 15k 20k
MAX4488/MAX4489
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE
vs. FREQUENCY
0.001
0.01
0.1
MAX4475 toc26
FREQUENCY (Hz)
THD + N (%)
10k
FILTER BW = 80kHz
RL = 10kΩ TO GND
R1 = 2.43kΩ, R2 = 10kΩ
VOUT = 2.75VP-P
AV = +5, VDD = 3V
AV = +5, VDD = 5V
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MAX4475–MAX4478/
MAX4488/MAX4489
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,
Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
PIN
NAME FUNCTION
MAX4475/
MAX4488
MAX4475/
MAX4488 MAX4476 MAX4477/
MAX4489 MAX4478
SOT23/TDFN SO/µMAX SOT23/TDFN SO/µMAX SO/TSSOP
1 6 1 1, 7 1, 7, 8, 14
OUT, OUTA,
OUTB, OUTC,
OUTD
Amplifier Output
2 4 2 4 11 VSS
Negative Supply. Connect
to ground for single-supply
operation
3 3 3 3, 5 3, 5, 10, 12 IN+, INA+, INB+,
INC+, IND+
Noninverting Amplifier
Input
4 2 4 2, 6 2, 6, 9, 13 IN-, INA-, INB-,
INC-, IND- Inverting Amplifier Input
6 7 6 8 4 VDD Positive Supply
5 8 — — — SHDN
Shutdown Input. Connect
to VDD for normal
operation (amplifier(s)
enabled).
— 1, 5 5 — — N.C. No Connection. Not
internally connected.
EP — EP — — EP Exposed Paddle (TDFN
Only). Connect to VSS.
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MAX4475–MAX4478/
MAX4488/MAX4489
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,
Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
Pin Description
Detailed Description
The MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489 single-
supply operational amplifiers feature ultra-low noise and
distortion. Their low distortion and low noise make them
ideal for use as preamplifiers in wide dynamic-range appli-
cations, such as 16-bit analog-to-digital converters (see
Typical Operating Circuit). Their high-input impedance and
low noise are also useful for signal conditioning of high-im-
pedance sources, such as piezoelectric transducers.
These devices have true rail-to-rail output operation, drive
loads as low as 1kΩ while maintaining DC accuracy, and
can drive capacitive loads up to 200pF without oscillation.
The input common-mode voltage range extends from
(VDD - 1.6V) to 200mV below the negative rail. The push-
pull output stage maintains excellent DC characteristics,
while delivering up to ±5mA of current.
The MAX4475–MAX4478 are unity-gain stable, while
the MAX4488/MAX4489 have a higher slew rate and are
stable for gains ≥ 5V/V. The MAX4475/MAX4488 feature
a low-power shutdown mode, which reduces the supply
current to 0.01µA and disables the outputs.
Low Distortion
Many factors can affect the noise and distortion that the
device contributes to the input signal. The following guide-
lines offer valuable information on the impact of design
choices on Total Harmonic Distortion (THD).
Choosing proper feedback and gain resistor values for
a particular application can be a very important factor in
reducing THD. In general, the smaller the closed-loop
gain, the smaller the THD generated, especially when
driving heavy resistive loads. The THD of the part nor-
mally increases at approximately 20dB per decade, as a
function of frequency. Operating the device near or above
the full-power bandwidth significantly degrades distortion.
Referencing the load to either supply also improves the
part’s distortion performance, because only one of the
MOSFETs of the push-pull output stage drives the output.
Referencing the load to midsupply increases the part’s
distortion for a given load and feedback setting. (See
the Total Harmonic Distortion vs. Frequency graph in the
Typical Operating Characteristics.)
For gains ≥ 5V/V, the decompensated devices MAX4488/
MAX4489 deliver the best distortion performance, since
they have a higher slew rate and provide a higher
amount of loop gain for a given closed-loop gain setting.
Capacitive loads below 100pF do not significantly affect
distortion results. Distortion performance is relatively con-
stant over supply voltages.
Figure 2b. Pulse Response with 10pF Feed-Forward
Compensation
Figure 2a. Pulse Response with No Feed-Forward
Compensation
Figure 1. Adding Feed-Forward Compensation
VOUT
100mV/div
VIN
100mV/div
AV = +2
RF = RG = 100kΩ
2µs/div
VOUT
100mV/div
VIN
100mV/div
100mV
0V
AV = +2
RF = RG = 100kΩ
2µs/div
CZ
RF
VOUT
VIN
RG
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MAX4475–MAX4478/
MAX4488/MAX4489
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,
Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
Ground-Sensing and Rail-to-Rail Outputs
The common-mode input range of these devices extends
below ground, and offers excellent common-mode rejec-
tion. These devices are guaranteed not to undergo phase
reversal when the input is overdriven (Figure 3).
Figure 4 showcases the true rail-to-rail output operation
of the amplifier, configured with AV = 5V/V. The output
swings to within 8mV of the supplies with a 10kΩ load,
making the devices ideal in low-supply voltage applica-
tions.
Power Supplies and Layout
The MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489 operate
from a single +2.7V to +5.5V power supply or from dual
supplies of ±1.35V to ±2.75V. For single-supply opera-
tion, bypass the power supply with a 0.1µF ceramic
Low Noise
The amplifier’s input-referred noise-voltage density is
dominated by flicker noise at lower frequencies, and by
thermal noise at higher frequencies. Because the thermal
noise contribution is affected by the parallel combination
of the feedback resistive network (RF || RG, Figure 1),
these resistors should be reduced in cases where the
system bandwidth is large and thermal noise is dominant.
This noise contribution factor decreases, however, with
increasing gain settings.
For example, the input noise-voltage density of the
circuit with RF = 100kΩ, RG = 11kΩ (AV = +5V/V) is
en = 14nV/√Hz, en can be reduced to 6nV/√Hz by choos-
ing RF = 10kΩ, RG = 1.1kΩ (AV = +5V/V), at the expense
of greater current consumption and potentially higher
distortion. For a gain of 100V/V with RF = 100kΩ, RG =
1.1kΩ, the en is still a low 6nV/√Hz.
Using a Feed-Forward Compensation
Capacitor, CZ
The amplifier’s input capacitance is 10pF. If the resistance
seen by the inverting input is large (feedback network),
this can introduce a pole within the amplifier’s bandwidth
resulting in reduced phase margin. Compensate the
reduced phase margin by introducing a feed-forward
capacitor (CZ) between the inverting input and the out-
put (Figure 1). This effectively cancels the pole from the
inverting input of the amplifier. Choose the value of CZ
as follows:
CZ = 10 x (RF / RG) [pF]
In the unity-gain stable MAX4475–MAX4478, the use
of a proper CZ is most important for AV = +2V/V, and
AV = -1V/V. In the decompensated MAX4488/MAX4489,
CZ is most important for AV = +10V/V. Figures 2a and 2b
show transient response both with and without CZ.
Using a slightly smaller CZ than suggested by the formula
above achieves a higher bandwidth at the expense of
reduced phase and gain margin. As a general guideline,
consider using CZ for cases where RG || RF is greater
than 20kΩ (MAX4475–MAX4478) or greater than 5kΩ
(MAX4488/MAX4489).
Applications Information
The MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489 combine
good driving capability with ground-sensing input and
rail-to-rail output operation. With their low distortion and
low noise, they are ideal for use in ADC buffers, medical
instrumentation systems and other noise-sensitive appli-
cations.
Figure 4. Rail-to-Rail Output Operation
Figure 3. Overdriven Input Showing No Phase Reversal
VOUT
1V/div
5V
0V
20ms/div
VOUT
2V/div
VIN
2V/div
0V
AV = +1
VDD = +5V
RL = 10kΩ
40µs/div
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13
MAX4475–MAX4478/
MAX4488/MAX4489
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,
Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
capacitor placed close to the VDD pin. If operating from
dual supplies, bypass each supply to ground.
Good layout improves performance by decreasing the
amount of stray capacitance and noise at the op amp’s
inputs and output. To decrease stray capacitance, mini-
mize PC board trace lengths and resistor leads, and place
external components close to the op amp’s pins.
Typical Application Circuit
The Typical Application Circuit shows the sin-
gle MAX4475 configured as an output buffer for the
MAX5541 16-bit DAC. Because the MAX5541 has an
unbuffered voltage output, the input bias current of the
op amp used must be less than 6nA to maintain 16-bit
accuracy. The MAX4475 has an input bias current of
only 150pA (max), virtually eliminating this as a source
of error. In addition, the MAX4475 has excellent open-
loop gain and common-mode rejection, making this an
excellent output buffer amplifier.
DC-Accurate Lowpass Filter
The MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489 offer a
unique combination of low noise, wide bandwidth, and
high gain, making them an excellent choice for active
filters up to 1MHz. The Typical Operating Circuit shows
the dual MAX4477 configured as a 5th order Chebyschev
filter with a cutoff frequency of 100kHz. The circuit is
implemented in the Sallen-Key topology, making this a
DC-accurate filter.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
470pF
3.09kΩ
1%
3.83kΩ
1%
13.7kΩ
1%
7.87kΩ
1%
10.0kΩ
1%
10.0kΩ
1%
15.0kΩ
1%
7.15kΩ
1%
10.0kΩ
1%
0.1µF
220pF
220pF
220pF
220pF
5V
MAX4477
1/2
MAX4477
1/2
0 to +2.5V
OUTPUT
SHDN
8
4
CS
SCLK
DIN
2
3
SERIAL
INTERFACE
VDD
DGND
REF
OUT
AGND
+5V +2.5V +5V
7
6
U1
MAX5541ESA
U2
MAX
4475AUA
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MAX4475–MAX4478/
MAX4488/MAX4489
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,
Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
Typical Operating Circuit
Typical Application Circuit
OUT
N.C.VSS
+
+
+
+
2
8
7VDD
INA-
INA+
N.C.
SO/MAX
TOP VIEW
3
4
6
5
MAX4475
MAX4488
SHDN
+
INB-
OUTB
INB+VSS
1
2
8
7
VDD
INA-
INA+
OUTA
SO/MAX
TOP VIEW
3
4
6
5
MAX4477
MAX4489
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
OUTD
IND-
IND+
VSS
VDD
INA+
INA-
OUTA
TOP VIEW
MAX4478
INC+
INC-
OUTCOUTB
INB-
INB+
SO/TSSOP
VSS
IN-IN+
1 6 VDD
5
OUT
MAX4475
MAX4488
SOT23-6
TOP VIEW
2
3 4
SHDN
N.C.
VSS
IN-IN+
1 6 VDD
OUT
MAX4476
SOT23-6
TOP VIEW
2
3 4
5
MAX4475
MAX4488
TOP VIEW
6
VDD
5
SHDN
4
IN-
OUT
VSS
IN+
1 2 3
TDFN
EP
+
MAX4476
TOP VIEW
6
VDD
5
N.C.
4
IN-
OUT
VSS
IN+
1 2 3
TDFN
EP
+
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MAX4475–MAX4478/
MAX4488/MAX4489
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,
Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
Pin Congurations
+Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package.
*EP = Exposed pad (connect to VSS).
**Future product—Contact Maxim for availability.
/V denotes an automotive qualified part.
T = Tape and reel.
PART GAIN BW
(MHz)
STABLE
GAIN
(V/V)
NO. OF
AMPS SHDN
MAX4475 10 1 1 Yes
MAX4476 10 1 1 —
MAX4477 10 1 2 —
MAX4478 10 1 4 —
MAX4488 42 5 1 Yes
MAX4489 42 5 2 —
Selector Guide
PART TEMP RANGE PIN-
PACKAGE
TOP
MARK
MAX4475AUT+T -40°C to +125°C 6 SOT23 AAZV
MAX4475AUA+ -40°C to +125°C 8 µMAX —
MAX4475ASA+ -40°C to +125°C 8 SO —
MAX4475ATT+T -40°C to +125°C 6 TDFN-EP* +ADD
MAX4475AUT/V+T -40°C to +125°C 6 SOT23 +ACQQ
MAX4476AUT+T -40°C to +125°C 6 SOT23 AAZX
MAX4476ATT+T -40°C to +125°C 6 TDFN-EP* +ADF
MAX4477AUA+ -40°C to +125°C 8 µMAX —
MAX4477AUA+ -40°C to +125°C 8 µMAX —
MAX4477AUA/V+T** -40°C to +125°C 8 µMAX —
MAX4477ASA+ -40°C to +125°C 8 SO —
MAX4478AUD+ -40°C to +125°C 14 TSSOP —
MAX4478AUD/V+ -40°C to +125°C 14 TSSOP —
MAX4478ASD+ -40°C to +125°C 14 SO —
MAX4488AUT+T -40°C to +125°C 6 SOT23 AAZW
MAX4488AUA+ -40°C to +125°C 8 µMAX —
MAX4488ASA+ -40°C to +125°C 8 SO —
MAX4488ATT+T -40°C to +125°C 6 TDFN-EP* +ADE
MAX4489AUA+ -40°C to +125°C 8 µMAX —
MAX4489AUA/V+T -40°C to +125°C 8 µMAX —
MAX4489ASA+ -40°C to +125°C 8 SO —
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MAX4475–MAX4478/
MAX4488/MAX4489
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,
Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
Chip Information
PROCESS: BiCMOS
Ordering Information
REVISION
NUMBER
REVISION
DATE DESCRIPTION PAGES
CHANGED
4 12/09 Added lead-free designations and an automotive part to the Ordering Information
and added input current spec in Absolute Maximum Ratings section 1, 2, 13
5 7/10 Added /V designation to the MAX4475 product and soldering temperature 1, 2
6 6/12 Added /V designation for MAX4489. 13
7 1/18 Added AEC statement to Features section 1
8 7/18 Updated Ordering Information table 14
9 7/18 Updated Absolute Maximum Rating and Package Information 2, 14
10 8/18 Updated Package Information section 2–4
Maxim Integrated cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim Integrated product. No circuit patent licenses
are implied. Maxim Integrated reserves the right to change the circuitry and specications without notice at any time. The parametric values (min and max limits)
shown in the Electrical Characteristics table are guaranteed. Other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance.
Maxim Integrated and the Maxim Integrated logo are trademarks of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. © 2018 Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
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MAX4475–MAX4478/
MAX4488/MAX4489
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,
Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
Revision History
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please visit Maxim Integrated’s online storefront at https://www.maximintegrated.com/en/storefront/storefront.html.