Low Power Programmable Oscillator
The Smart Timing Choice
Programmable Driv e S trength
The SiT8008 in clud es a pr ogr ammabl e dr iv e st rength f eat ur e
to provide a si mple, flexibl e tool to opt imize the clock rise/fall
time for specific applications. Benefits from the programmable
drive strength feature are:
•
Improves system radiated electromagnetic interference
(EMI) by slowing down the clock rise/fall time
•
Improves the downstream clock receiver’s (RX) jitter by de-
creasing (speeding up) the cl oc k rise/fall time.
•
Ability to drive large capacitive loads while maintaining full
swing with sha rp edge rates.
For more detai led information abo ut rise/fall ti me control and
drive strength selection, see the SiTime Application Notes
section: http://www.sitime.com/support/application-notes.
EMI Reduction by Slowing Rise/Fall Time
Figure 16 shows the harmonic power reduction as the rise/fall
times are increased (slowed down). The rise/fall times are
expressed as a rat io of the c lock per iod. F or the r atio of 0.05,
the signal is very close to a square wave. For the ratio of 0.45,
the rise/fall t imes are ver y close to near -triangul ar waveform.
These results, for example, show that the 11th clock harmonic
can be reduced by 35 dB if the rise/fall edge is increased from
5% of the perio d to 45% of the period.
trise=0.05
trise=0.1
10
trise=0.15
trise=0.2
The SiT8008 can supp ort up to 60 pF or higher in maximum
capacitive loads with drive strength settings. Refer to the
Rise/Fall T ime Tables (Tabl e 7 to 11) to determine the pr oper
drive strength for the desired combination of output load vs.
rise/fall time.
SiT8008 Drive Strength Selection
Tables 7 through 11 define the rise/fall time for a given capac-
itive load and supply voltage.
1.
Select the table that matches the SiT8008 nominal supply
voltage (1.8V, 2.5V, 2.8V, 3.0V, 3.3V).
2.
Select the capacitive load column that matches the appli-
cation requirement (5 pF to 60 pF)
3.
Under the capacitive load column, select the desired
rise/fall times.
4.
The left-most column represents the part number code for
the corresponding drive strength.
5.
Add the drive strength code to the part number for ordering
purposes.
Maximum Fre quency Calculation
Any given rise/fall time in Table 7 through 11 dictates the
maximum frequency under which the oscillator can operate
with guaranteed full output swing over the entire operating
temperature r ange. T his max freque ncy can be c alculat ed as
the followin g:
0
trise=0.25
trise=0.3 1
-10
-20
trise=0.35
trise=0.4
trise=0.45
M ax F requency =
5 x T rf_ 20 /80
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
1 3 5 7 9 11
Harmonic num ber
where Trf_20/80 is the typical value for 20%-80% rise/fall
time.
Example 1
Calculate fMAX for the following condition:
•
Vdd = 1.8V (Table 1)
•
Capacitive L oad: 30 pF
Figure 16. Harmonic EMI reduction as a Function of
Slower Rise/Fall Time
Jitter Reduction with Faster Rise/Fall Time
Power supply noise can be a source of jitter for the
downstream ch ips et. One way t o reduc e this jitt er i s to s peed
up the rise/fall time of the input clock. Some chipsets may also
require faster rise/fall time in order to reduce their sensitivity to
this type of jitter. Refer to the Rise/Fall Time Tables (Table 7 to
Table 11) to determine the proper dr ive strength.
High Output Load Capability
The rise/f all time of the input clock varies as a functi on of the
actual capacitive load the clock drives. At any given drive
strength, the r ise/f all time bec omes slo wer a s the output load
increases. As an example, for a 3.3V SiT8008 device with
default drive strength setting, the typical r ise/fall time is 1 ns
for 15 pF output load. The typical r i s e/fall time slows down to
2.6
ns when the output load increases to 45 pF. One can
choose to speed up the rise/fall time to 1.83 ns by then
increasing the drive strength setting on the SiT8008.
•
Desired Tr/f time = 3 ns (rise/fall time part number code = E)
• fMAX = 66.666660
Part number for t he abov e example:
SiT8008IE12-18E-66.666660
Drive strength code is inserte d her e. Default setting is “-”