Ajinder Singh TI Designs Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design TI Designs Design Features TI Designs are analog solutions created by TI's analog experts. Reference Designs offer the theory, part selection, simulation, complete PCB schematic & layout, bill of materials, and measured performance of useful circuits. Circuit modifications that help to meet alternate design goals are also discussed. * * * Design Resources GasSensorEVM CC2541 LM4120 LMP91000 TPS61220 Tool Folder Containing Design Files Product Folder Product Folder Product Folder Product Folder * * * * * * * Monitors a wide range of gases - Carbon monoxide, oxygen, ammonia, fluorine, hydrogen sulfide, and others - Supports 2- and 3-lead electrochemical gas sensors Coin cell battery operation Bluetooth Low Energy radio and a 8051 microcontroller core within CC2541 provides interactivity with a smartphone or tablet Firmware and application software provided as open source to enable quick time to market for customers Complies with FCC and IC regulatory standards Featured Applications Mining Healthcare facilities Industrial processes and controls Building Technology and Comfort Household CO sensing ASK Our Analog Experts WEBENCH(R) Calculator Tools An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this TI reference design addresses authorized use, intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers and information. All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated 1 Introduction 1 www.ti.com Introduction The intent of this reference guide is to describe in detail the Gas Sensor Platform with Bluetooth(R) Low-Energy Reference Design from Texas Instruments. After reading this reference design, a user should better understand the features and usage of this reference design platform. The Gas Sensor Platform with Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) is intended as a reference design that customers can use to develop end-products for consumer and industrial applications to monitor gases like carbon monoxide (CO), oxygen (O2), ammonia, fluorine, chlorine dioxide and others. BLE adds a wireless feature to the platform that enables seamless connectivity to an iPhone(R) or an iPad(R). Customers can easily replace the targeted gas sensor based on their application, while keeping the same analog frontend (AFE) and BLE design. The system runs on a CR2032 coin-cell battery. AFE from TI -- LMP91000 -- interfaces directly with the electrochemical cell. The LMP91000 interfaces with CC2541, which is a BLE system on a chip from TI. An iOS application running on an iPhone 4S(R) and newer generations or an iPad 3(R) and newer generations lets customers interface with this reference platform. Customers can use and customize the iOS application, the hardware files and firmware source code of CC2541, which TI provides as an open source. The Gas Sensor Platform with BLE provides customers with a low-power, configurable AFE and the option to integrate wireless features in gas-sensing applications. This platform helps customers access the market faster and helps differentiate from performance, power, and feature sets. The platform complies with the following standards: * EN 300 328 * FCC 15.247 * IC RSS-210 * EN 301 489-17 FCC and IC Regulatory Compliance standards: * FCC - Federal Communications Commission Part 15, Class A * IC - Industry Canada ICES-003 Class A The heart of this reference platform is the AFE from TI, the LMP91000. The LMP91000 is perfect for use in micropower, electrochemical-sensing applications. The LMP91000 provides a complete signal-path solution between a sensor and a microcontroller that generates an output voltage proportional to the cellcurrent. This device provides all of the functionality for detecting changes in gas concentration based on a delta current at the working electrode. The LMP91000 is programmed to support multiple electrochemical sensors, such as 3-lead toxic gas sensors (see Figure 4) and 2-lead galvanic cell sensors (see Figure 5) with a single design as opposed to multiple discrete solutions. The AFE supports gas sensitivities over a range of 0.5 to 9500 nA/ppm. The AFE also allows for an easy conversion of current ranges from 5 to 750 A, full scale. The adjustable cell-bias and transimpedance amplifier (TIA) gain are programmed through the I2C interface. The I2C interface can also be used for sensor diagnostics. An integrated temperature sensor can be read by the user through the VOUT pin and used to provide additional signal correction in the microcontroller or monitored to verify temperature conditions at the sensor. The AFE is optimized for micropower applications, and operates over a voltage range of 2.7 to 5.25 V. The total current consumption can be less than 10 A. Additional power-saving capabilities are possible by switching off the TIA and shorting the reference electrode to the working electrode with an internal switch The LMP91000 supports many different toxic gases and sensors, and is configured to address the critical parameters of each gas. 2 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Introduction www.ti.com Figure 1. Sensor Design 1.1 Fundamental Blocks of LMP91000 Transimpedance Amplifier -- TIA provides an output voltage that is proportional to the cell current. TIA provides seven programmable internal-gain resistors and allows the external-gain resistor to connect to the LMP91000. (Vref_div - Vout) / (RTIA) = Iwe Vout = (Vref_div) - (RTIA x Iwe) (1) (2) Input -- The LMP91000 provides a 3-electrode solution -- counter electrode (CE), reference electrode (RE), working electrode (WE) (see Figure 4), as well as a 2-electrode solution -- short the CE and RE (see Figure 5). Variable Bias -- Variable bias provides the amount of bias voltage required by a biased gas sensor between RE and WE. This bias voltage can be programmed to be 1% to 24% of the supply, or it can be VREF. The bias can also be negative or positive depending on the type of sensing element. Vref Divider -- This is the voltage at the noninverting pin at TIA. This voltage can be programmed to be either 20%, 50%, or 67% of the supply, or it can be VREF. The Vref divider provides the best use of the full-scale input range of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and sufficient headroom for the CE of the sensor to swing in case of sudden changes in the gas concentration. * How to select the appropriate Vref divider: - If the current at pin WE (Iwe) is flowing into the TIA, then the Vref divider should be set to 67% of Vref. - If Iwe is flowing out of the TIA, then the Vref divider should be set to 20% of Vref. * Assume Vref_divider is set to 20% of Vref. * Assume variable bias is set to 2% of Vref. * Assume Vref = 4.1 V. The Vref divider in that case would be 0.82 V. The noninverting input to A1 is 0.902 V, which is 22% of Vref. Control Amplifier A1 -- A1 is a differential amplifier used to compare the potential between WE and RE. The error signal is amplified and applied to the CE. Changes in the impedance between the WE and RE cause a change in the voltage applied to CE in order to maintain the constant voltage between WE and RE. SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated 3 Introduction www.ti.com Temperature Sensor -- An on-board temperature sensor provides a 3C accuracy. The sensor can be used by an external microcontroller to correct for performance over temperature. Serial Interface -- Calibration and programming is done through the I2C digital interface. The I2C interface enables calibration and state-of-health monitoring. As mentioned before, health monitoring is very important because chemical cells can degrade over time. 1.2 Examples of Firmware and iOS Calculation This section explains the signal path and signal processing as implemented in the Gas Sensor Platform, from the sensor to LMP91000, to CC2541 and to the iOS application. 1.2.1 O2 Sensor Example The following example uses the O2 sensor from the Alphasense A2 series (see Section 1.4.1). A change in A current of the sensor indicates a change in gas concentration. The LMP91000 processes the current and uses the linear TIA stage to convert the current to analog voltage (see Figure 1). The analog voltage is then sent to the CC2541. The CC2541 then converts the raw analog voltage to a digital signal through a 12-bit ADC and transmits the signal through the Bluetooth radio to an iOS device. The iOS device then performs postprocessing. 1.2.1.1 * Postprocessing Steps as Implemented in the iOS Covert voltage (binary to decimal). - In this example, assume that the CC2541 transmits 0348h in its VOUT field. iOS software converts this hexadecimal voltage into a decimal value: 0348h = 840 * (3) The ADC inside the CC2541 is a 12-bit resolution (2s complementary). - Thus, the ADC resolution inside the CC2541 is: 2.5 V / (211-1) = 0.001221 (4) NOTE: LM4120 provides a fixed 2.5-V precision reference to both the LMP91000 and the CC2541 in this reference platform. Because of this fixed precision reference, 2.5 V is used in Equation 4 to calculate the ADC resolution inside the CC2541. * Multiply the decimal value from Equation 3 with the ADC resolution: 840 x 0.001221 = 1.025 V (Vref_div - Vout) / (RTIA) = Iwe_fresh air (5) where * * * Vref_div is 67% of Vref. RTIA is set to 7000. (6) Thus, based on Equation 6, current at the WE pin (Iwe) flowing into the TIA is approximately 91 A (fresh air calibration). To change the O2 concentration, exhale, or breathe out, on the O2 sensor to increase VOUT. Assume that the CC2541 transmits 03B0h in its VOUT field. 03B0h translates to 944 in decimal (see Equation 3). 944 x 0.001221 = 1.152 V * * (7) In this case, based on Equation 7, the current at the WE pin (Iwe) flowing into the TIA is (1.667- 1.152) / 7000 = 73.5 A. In Equation 6, the calibrated fresh air WE (Iwe) value is 91 A. For calibration, this value can be set to correspond to 20.9%. Exhale, or breathe out, on the O2 sensor; the normalized O2 percentage is: (73.5 x 20.9) / 91 = 16.88% 4 (8) Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Introduction www.ti.com 1.3 CO Sensor Example The following example uses the CO sensor from the Alphasense CO-AF series (see Section 1.4.1). A change in A current of the sensor indicates a change in gas concentration. The LMP91000 processes the current and uses the linear TIA stage to convert the current to analog voltage (see Figure 1). The analog voltage is then sent to the CC2541. The CC2541 then converts the raw analog voltage to a digital signal through a 12-bit ADC and transmits the signal through the Bluetooth radio to an iOS device. The iOS device then performs postprocessing. 1.3.1 * Postprocessing Steps as Implemented in the iOS Covert voltage (binary to decimal). - In this example, assume that the CC2541 transmits 019Fh in its VOUT field. iOS software converts this hexadecimal voltage into a decimal value: 019Fh = 415 * (9) The ADC inside the CC2541 is a 12-bit resolution (2s complementary). - Thus, the ADC resolution inside the CC2541 is: 2.5 V / (211 - 1) = 0.001221 (10) NOTE: The LM4120 provides a fixed 2.5-V precision reference to both the LMP91000 and the CC2541 in this reference platform. Because of this fixed precision reference, 2.5 V is used in Equation 10 to calculate the ADC resolution inside the CC2541. * Multiply the decimal value from Equation 3 with the ADC resolution: 415 x 0.001221 = 0.506 V (Vref_div -Vout) / (RTIA) = - Iwe_fresh air (11) where * * * The Vref divider is set to 20% of Vref as Iwe is flowing out of the TIA (in the case of a CO sensor). RTIA is set to 7000. (12) Thus, based on Equation 12, the current at the WE pin (Iwe) flowing out of the TIA is approximately 857 nA (fresh air calibration). Based on the CO-AF specification, the sensitivity of the sensor is 55 to 90 nA/ppm. In the iOS software, the sensitivity is set to 70 nA/ppm, which is the approximate average of the range. 857 nA x 70 nA/ppm = approximately 12 ppm (13) NOTE: The RTIA for the CO-AF sensor is set to 7000, which ensures that the full range of the COAF sensor (0 to 5000 ppm) can be used without clipping. SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated 5 Introduction 1.4 www.ti.com Supported Sensor Types The Gas Sensor Platform from TI can be used with either a 3-lead amperometric cell (not included) (see Figure 4) or a 2-lead galvanic cell (not included) in potentiostat configuration (see Figure 5) by a minor resistor change shown in Figure 25. * For a 3-lead amperometric cell (CO), R43 must be uninstalled. * For a 2-lead galvanic cell (O2) R43 must be installed. Figure 2. CO Setup Figure 3. O2 Setup VDD VREF 3-Lead Electrochemical Cell CE + A1 LMP91000 SCL VARIABLE BIAS VREF DIVIDER I2C INTERFACE AND CONTROL REGISTERS SDA 2-wire Sensor such as Oxygen CE + MENB - CE A1 SCL VARIABLE BIAS VREF DIVIDER I2C INTERFACE AND CONTROL REGISTERS SDA MENB - VE- RE RE RE TEMP SENSOR WE WE NC DGND TEMP SENSOR VE+ VOUT + - WE - DGND VOUT + TIA RLoad TIA RLoad RTIA C1 RTIA AGND C2 Figure 4. 3-Lead Amperometric Cell 6 VDD VREF LMP91000 C1 C2 AGND Figure 5. 2-Lead Galvanic Cell In Potentiostat Configuration Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Introduction www.ti.com 1.4.1 WEBENCH(R) Support TI recommends that customers use WEBENCH for their sensor-type design. Refer to Figure 6, Figure 7, and the WEBENCH open design tool at http://www.ti.com/product/lmp91000. The WEBENCH tool lists all of the sensor types compatible with LMP91000. NOTE: The default firmware and the iOS software in the Gas Sensor Platform from TI are designed to support the CO-AF from Alphasense (http://www.alphasense.com/industrialsensors/alphasense_sensors.html) as well as the O2-A2 from Alphasense. Customers can easily update the firmware and the iOS software to support additional sensor types. For firmware updates, see Section 7.2. Figure 6. WEBENCH CO Figure 7. WEBENCH O2 SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated 7 Features www.ti.com 2 Features 2.1 Gas Sensor Platform With BLE Design Features * * * * * * Coin-cell operation (CR2032) Low-power configurable AFE (LMP91000) that provides flexibility for customers to use the same AFE for different gas-sensing platforms and configure different platforms with a simple firmware update Provides reference design for BLE antenna design - leveraging low-cost trace antenna Enables customers to use the platform to incorporate wireless features in gas-sensing applications TI provides BLE firmware and iOS application software as open-source to help customers get to the market faster. The platform is comprised of two boards that are stacked together and are referred to as SAT0009 (power board) and SAT0010 (AFE and Bluetooth board). LMP91000 * Supply voltage 2.7 to 5.25 V * Supply current (average over time) <10 A * Cell-conditioning current up to 10 mA * Reference electrode bias-current (85C) 900 pA (max) * Output drive-current 750 A * Complete potentiostat circuit to interface to most chemical cells * Programmable cell-bias voltage * Low-bias voltage drift * Programmable TIA gain 2.75 to 350 k * Sink and source capability * I2C-compatible digital interface * Ambient operating temperature -40C to +85C * Package: 14-pin WSON * Supported by WEBENCH Sensor AFE Designer LM4120 * Small SOT23-5 package * Low dropout voltage: 120 mV Typ at 1 mA * High output voltage accuracy: 0.2% * Source and sink current output: 5 mA * Supply current: 160 A Typ * Low temperature coefficient: 50 ppm/C * Enable pin * Fixed output voltages: 1.8, 2.048, 2.5, 3, 3.3, 4.096 and 5 V * Industrial temperature range: -40C to +85C TPS61220 * Up to 95% efficiency at typical operating conditions * 5.5- quiescent current * Startup into load at 0.7-V input voltage * Operating input voltage from 0.7 to 5.5 V * Pass-through function during shutdown * Minimum switching current 200 mA * Output overvoltage, overtemperature, input undervoltage lockout protection * Adjustable output voltage from 1.8 to 5.5 V 8 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Features www.ti.com * * Fixed output voltage versions Small 6-pin SC-70 package CC2541 * Radio - 2.4-GHz low-energy compliant and Proprietary RF System-on-Chip (SoC) - Supports data rates of 250 kbps, 500 kbps, 1 Mbps, and 2 Mbps - Excellent link budget, enabling long-range applications without external front-end - Programmable output power up to 0 dBm - Excellent receiver sensitivity (-94 dBm at 1 Mbps), selectivity and blocking performance - Suitable for systems-targeting compliance with worldwide radio frequency regulations - ETSI EN 300 328 and EN 300 440 Class 2 (Europe), FCC CFR47 Part 15 (US), and ARIB STDT66 (Japan) * Layout - Few external components - Reference design provided - 6-mm x 6-mm QFN-40 package - Pin-compatible with the CC2540 (when not using USB or I2C) * Low power - Active-mode RX down to: 17.9 mA - Active-mode TX (0 dBm): 18.2 mA - Power mode 1 (4-s wake up): 270 A - Power mode 2 (sleep timer on): 1 A - Power mode 3 (external interrupts): 0.5 A - Wide supply-voltage range (2 V - 3.6 V) - TPS62730-compatible low power in active mode - RX down to: 14.7 mA (3-V supply) - TX (0 dBm): 14.3 mA (3-V supply) * Peripherals - Powerful 5-channel direct memory access (DMA) - General-purpose timers (one, 16-bit; two, 8-bit) - IR generation circuitry - 32-kHz sleep timer with capture - Accurate digital RSSI support - Battery monitor and temperature sensor - 12-bit ADC with eight channels and configurable resolution - AES security coprocessor - Two powerful UARTs with support for several serial protocols - 23 general-purpose I/O pins * (21 x 4 mA, 2 x 20 mA) - An I2C interface - Two I/O pins with LED-driving capabilities - Watchdog timer - Integrated high-performance comparator * Development tools - CC2541 Evaluation Module Kit (CC2541EMK) SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated 9 Features www.ti.com - CC2541 Mini Development Kit (CC2541DK-MINI) - SmartRFTM software - IAR Embedded Workbench(R) available 2.2 Featured Applications The Gas Sensor Platform with BLE Reference Platform is designed to demonstrate how a configurable AFE can be used with a low-power wireless radio to provide a reference platform that helps customers develop next-generation gas-sensing solutions for the following applications: * Industrial: gas-sensing application * Consumer: carbon monoxide-sensing application * Healthcare facilities: gas-sensing application 2.3 Highlighted Products The Gas Sensor Platform with BLE Reference Design features the following devices: * LMP91000: Sensor AFE System: Configurable AFE potentiostat for low-power chemical-sensing applications * CC2541: -2.4-GHz Bluetooth low-energy and proprietary SoC * LM4120: Precision micropower low dropout voltage reference * TPS61220: Low input voltage, 0.7-V boost converter with 5.5-A quiescent current For more information on each of these devices, go to the respective product folders at www.TI.com. 10 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Features www.ti.com 2.4 Block Diagram Figure 8 shows the block diagram for TI's Gas-Sensor Solution with BLE. Figure 8. Block Diagram of Gas-Sensing Platform With Bluetooth Low Energy SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated 11 Hardware Description www.ti.com 3 Hardware Description 3.1 Getting Started Requirements: * Gas sensor: use the recommended CO-AF from Alphasense. * CR2032: Coin-cell NOTE: Use a UL-compliant CR2032 coin-cell battery with nominal voltage 3 V, nominal capacity 225 mAh, and nominal continuous standard load 0.2 mA. * An iOS device: iPhone 4S and newer generations; iPad 3 and newer generations; fifth generation iPod (www.Apple.com) Download the TI Gas Sensor application from the Apple App StoreTM at iTunes.Apple.com/us/app/TIGas-Sensor/id663441630. NOTE: CC-DEBUGGER is the debug tool to load the firmware to the CC2541 (ti.com/tool/ccdebugger). The debug tool is needed only if changes to the firmware are required. Figure 9. Installing the Sensor on the Platform 12 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Hardware Description www.ti.com Figure 10. CR2032 Battery By default the Gas Sensor Platform supports the 3-lead amperometric cell (R43 not installed, see Section 1.4). By default, the firmware and iOS software support the Alphasense CO-AF sensor. TI recommends installing the CO-AF sensor (not included) from Alphasense into the socket on the SAT0010 board (see Figure 10). 1. Install the sensor onto the platform (see Figure 9). 2. Load the CR2032 (not included in the kit) into the coin-cell holder on the SAT0009 board. 3. Turn the On/Off switch to the right (with respect to the orientation shown in Figure 11). NOTE: A blue LED flashes when the default firmware is loaded. 4. Download the application from the App Store. 5. Use an iOS device to access the Gas Sensor Platform and interface with the platform (see Section 7.1). 6. If needed, connect the CC-DEBUGGER (not included in the kit) to the 10-pin header as shown in Figure 11. If changes to the default firmware are needed, see Section 7.2. Figure 11. System Running With LED Flashing SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated 13 Hardware Description 3.2 www.ti.com Battery Life Calculation For battery life calculations, TI highly recommends that the user reviews CC2541 Battery Life Calculation, SWRA347. Comparing the power consumption of a BLE device to another device using a single metric is impossible. For example, a device gets rated by its peak current. While the peak current plays a part in the total power consumption, a device running the BLE stack only consumes current at the peak level during transmission. Even in very high throughput systems, a BLE device is transmitting for only a small percentage of the total time that the device is connected (see Figure 12). Figure 12. Current Consumption In addition to transmitting, there are other factors to consider when calculating battery life. A BLE device can go through several other modes, such as receiving, sleeping, and waking up from sleep. Even if the current consumption of a device in each different mode is known, there is not enough information to determine the total power consumed by the device. Each layer of the BLE stack requires a certain amount of processing to remain connected and to comply with the specifications of the protocol. The MCU takes time to perform this processing, and during this time, current is consumed by the device. In addition, some power might be consumed while the device switches between modes (see Figure 13). All of this must be considered to get an accurate measurement of the total current consumed. Figure 13. Current Consumption-Active versus Sleep Modes 14 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Antenna Simulations www.ti.com 4 Antenna Simulations The following data was simulated using the High-Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS) from ANSYS (www.ansys.com/hfss). The Gas Sensor Platform with BLE platform is a stack of two 1-inch diameter boards (see Figure 14). The goals of the antenna simulations include the following: * Validate that the 2.45-GHz antenna performs as expected. * Estimate the influence of the battery board, by running simulations with and without the battery board. 4.1 Simulations With the Battery Board (SAT0009) Both boards were used in the first simulation to determine the affect of the power board (SAT0009) on the BLE antenna located on SAT0010 (see Figure 15, Figure 16, and Figure 17). Figure 14. ANSYS Antenna Simulation Setup SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated 15 Antenna Simulations www.ti.com Figure 15. Antenna Simulations With Power Board Figure 16. Antenna Simulations Matching With Power Board Figure 17. Antenna Simulations Electrical Field Propagation With Power Board 16 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Antenna Simulations www.ti.com The power board (SAT0009) was used in the next simulation to determine if the BLE antenna resulted in an improvement to the performance of SAT0010 (see Figure 18, Figure 19, and Figure 20). Figure 18. Antenna Simulations Setup Without Battery Board Table 1. Antenna Simulations Results Without Battery Board Quantity Value Units Max U 0.00043244 W/sr Peak directivity 1.1138 Peak gain 0.66408 Peak realized gain 0.54344 Radiated power 0.0048793 W Accepted power 0.0081833 W Incident power 0.01 W Radiation efficiency 0.59625 Front-to-back ratio Not applicable Decay factor 0 Figure 19. Antenna Simulations Matching Without Battery Board SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated 17 Antenna Simulations www.ti.com Figure 20. Antenna Simulations Field Propagation Without Battery Board Figure 21. Improved Antenna Matching Antenna matching was improved by increasing the inductor from 3 to 5 nH (see Figure 21). The increase resulted in a better return loss value of 10 dB. 18 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Antenna Simulations www.ti.com 4.2 Summary of Findings * * * 4.3 Conclusion * * 4.4 The battery board does not significantly influence the antenna (see Table 1). Good omnidirectional radiation pattern is found. - Low peak gain of 1.2. Antenna radiation efficiency is estimated at 54%. Overall board size is very small. - Reduces the antenna efficiency from an estimated 70% to 54%. - Influences the match of the antenna to become only 6 dB. By increasing the last inductor from 3 to 5 nH, the match is improved. FCC Reports The Gas Sensor Platform is compliant with FCC and EU radiation requirements. For additional information, see the following documents (SNVC129 and SNVC130): * ETSI EN 301 489-17, v2.1.1, * FCC part 15, subpart B & ICES-003, Issue 4, * EN 300 328: v1.7.1, SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated 19 Schematics and Bill of Materials www.ti.com 5 Schematics and Bill of Materials 5.1 SAT Gas Sensor Platform With BLE 5.1.1 Power Board Schematic and BOM See SNVC103 for additional schematic files for the SAT0009 (Power Board), and SNVC101 for the BOM. CR2032 COIN CE LL BATTE RY VD D 2 U2 VD D U3 C2 2 VIN EN 1 C22 10uF 6.3V GN D R16 1M 3 GN D 2 C21 47uF 6.3V 2 1 2 1 C20 0.1uF 10V J2 2 FB 6 2 6 VO U T 1 6 3 C38 1uF 6.3V 4 GN D R17 200 kohm GN D J3 2 1 C1 VD D EXPEC TED 3 V 5 L V_COIN_CELL 5 3 1 C23 10uF 6.3V GN D 1 2 L5 1 2 2 1 GN D 1 4 4 1 BT1 1 1 1 1 J6 J8 J9 GN D GN D Figure 22. Power Section 20 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Schematics and Bill of Materials www.ti.com Table 2. Power Section BOM Comment Description Designator Footprint LibRef Qty BS-7-ND Battery Holder BT1 BATTHOLD-BS-7-CR2032 BS-7-ND 1 Manufacturer Part No. Supplier Part No. Digi-Key GRM155R71A104KA01D Cap Cer 0.1 F 10 V 10 BS-7-ND C20 C402-25RD GRM155R71A104KA01 1 Digi-Key GRM155R71A104KA01 D-ND TSW-101-07-G-S Conn Header 1POS C21, J6, J8, J9 JUMP1X1-382650CTR TSW-101-07-G-S 4 GRM188R60J106ME47 Cap Cer 10 F 6.3 V 20 C22, C23 C603-35X45 GRM188R60J106ME47 2 GRM188R60J1 Digi-Key SAM1029-01-ND Digi-Key 490-3896-2-ND GRM155R60J105KE190 Cap Cer 1 F 6.3 V 10% C38 C402-25RD GRM155R60J105KE190 1 GRM155R60J1 TBSTC-501-D-200-22-G Major League Elec 0.05 Digi-Key 490-1320-2-ND J2, J3 JUMP1X2-3826-50CTR TBSTC-501-D-200-22-G 2 Major League Elec TBSTC-501-D-2 EPL3015 Power Inductor, Shielder L5 EPL3015-INDUCTOR EPL3015 1 Coilcraft EPL3015-427M CRCW04021M00JNED Res 1.0 m 1/6W R16 R402-25RD CRCW04021M00JNED CRCW0402200KJNED Res 200 k 1/6W R17 R402-25RD CRCW0402200KJNED 1 Digi-Key 541-1.0MJCT-ND 1 Digi-Key EG1390B U2 EG1390-SWITCH 541-200KJDKR-ND EG1390B 1 Digi-Key TPS6120DCK U3 DCK6 EG4633TR-ND TPS61220DCK 1 Digi-Key 296-32505-2-ND GRM155R71A Samtec, Inc. SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated 21 Schematics and Bill of Materials 5.2 www.ti.com BLE and AFE Section See SNVC103 for additional schematics of the SAT0010 AFE (LMP91000) and BLE (CC2541), and SNVC101 for the BOM. VD D _FILT VD D FB1 1 2 BLM15HG102SN1D 1 C7 0.1uF 10V C8 2.2uF 6.3V 2 C6 220pF 50V 2 C5 0.1uF 10V 1 1 1 C4 0.1uF 10V 2 2 C3 0.1uF 10V 2 1 1 C2 0.1uF 10V 2 C1 1uF 6.3V 2 2 2 1 J5 1 C36 1uF 6.3V 1 2 1 VD D GN D GN D GN D GN D GN D GN D GN D GN D GN D A3 ANTENNA IIFA BLE SD A NC 36 35 34 0 ohm P2_2/DC R2 0 ohm AVD D 1 31 21 29 24 27 28 2 AVD D 6 AVD D 5 AVD D 4 AVD D 3 AVD D 2 GN D C9 1 P2_0 P2_1 P2_2 2 2 L1 1 2 1.0nH 1pF 50V L3 2.0nH 0 ohm S oC Debug/ Fl ash P2_1/DD P0_5/SCK P0_3/MISO P0_2/MOSI 20 R6 0 ohm R ESET_N 2 XO SC _Q 1 XO SC _Q 2 D C O U PL R BIAS TH ER M_PAD GN D 18pF 50V 32 33 2 2 18pF 50V 2 X2 4 3 1 2 L4 1 2.0nH C13 1pF 50V 32.768kHz 535-9544-2-ND 40 C14 30 1 GN D 2 C15 1uF 6.3V 41 15pF 50V C16 C17 12pF 50V GN D 1 2 GN D 2 GN D C18 15pF 50V 12pF 50V R11 56k ohm GN D GN D C19 1 1 X1 1 22 23 GN D R14 0 ohm RESET_N R13 0 ohm P0_5/SCK J1 R10 2.7K ohm GN D C12 CC2541 R9 0 ohm 1 26 1 P2_4 P2_3 2 25 GN D R8 0 ohm P0_3/ MI SO 0 ohm DNP 2 4 6 8 10 P0_4/SSN R7 1 3 5 7 9 P0_2/MOSI GN D P2_2/DC P0_4/SSN RESET_N VD D _FILT P0_0 P0_1 P0_2 P0_3 P0_4 P0_5 P0_6 P0_7 R F_N 2 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 0 ohm R5 R F_P 2 C2_P0_1 C10 1pF 50V 1 R4 VOUT_P0_0 P1_3 P1_4 P1_5 P1_6 P1_7 1 C11 1 0 ohm DNP P1_0 P1_1 P1_2 1 11 9 8 7 6 5 38 37 2 P1_0 R3 L2 5.1nH 2 GN D GN D SC L 1 R1 P2_1/DD GN D D VD D 1 D VD D 2 1 2 3 4 SCL SDA 1 2 1 10 39 J7 1 U1 P1_0 R12 270 ohm 2 D1 BLUE GN D 1nF 50V GN D GN D R15 VR EF 1M DNP D N P = D O N OT POPU LATE AT A SSEMB LY GN D Figure 23. BLE Section 22 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Schematics and Bill of Materials www.ti.com VD D 4 U4 LM4120AIM5-2.5 IN EN 1 3 2 LM4120AIM5-2.5CT-ND C24 0.1uF 16V 2 GN D O UT RE F VR EF 5 GN D 1 1 C26 0.1uF 16V DNP R18 0 ohm VR EF EXPEC TED 2 .5 V C27 56pF 50V 2 C25 0.022uF 16V 2 2 1 1 GN D VD D 1 VD D GN D C28 0.022uF 16V 2 GN D LMP91000SDE/NOPBTR-ND 6 GN D VREF VDD SCL R43 0 ohm 14 RE I2C INTERFACE AND CONTROL REGISTERS LMP91000 Configurable Potentiostat AFE 13 VARIABLE BIAS CE A1 R19 10.0 kohm LMP91000SD 11 U5 Vref DIVIDER SDA MENB SCL 3 SDA 4 R22 2 0 ohm DGND 1 TEMP SENSOR RE R20 10.0 kohm GN D VOUT 8 VOUT _P0_0 2 CE 1 WE TIA WE 1 Ve- RTA C2 9 5 DAP C29 1uF 6.3V DNP AGND 7 C1 10 NC C30 0.1uF 10V 2 RLOAD 2 Ve+ 12 1 3 3 10F7941 S1 GN D R21 0 ohm DNP C31 1 GN D GN D 2 1uF 6.3V DNP 1 C2_P0_1 2 C32 1uF 6.3V DNP GN D D N P = D O N OT POPU LATE AT A SSEMB LY Figure 24. AFE Section SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated 23 Schematics and Bill of Materials www.ti.com Table 3. BLE Section BOM Comment Description Designat or Footprint LibRef Qty ASSY_Option ANTENNA IIFA BLE Antenna IIFA BLE A3 Antenna_IIFA _BLE Antenna 1 No part to order or place at ASSY GRM155R60J105KE19D Cap Cer 1 F 6.3 V 10% X5R C1, C15, C36 C402-25RD GRM155R60J105KE19D GRM155R71A104KA01D Cap Cer 0.1 F 10 V 10% X7R C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C30 C402-25RD GRM1555C1H221JA01D Cap Cer 220 pF 50 V 5% NP0 C6 GRM155R60J225ME15D Cap Cer 2.2 F 6.3 V 20% X5R GRM1555C1H1R0CA01D Cap Cer 1 pF 50 V NP0 GRM1555C1H180JZ01D Part No. Supplier Part No. 3 GRM155R60J105KE19D Digi-Key 490-1320-2-ND GRM155R71A104KA01D 6 GRM155R71A104KA01D Digi-Key GRM155R71A104KA01D -ND C402-25RD GRM1555C1H221JA01D 1 GRM1555C1H221JA01D Digi-Key 490-1293-2-ND C8 C402-25RD GRM155R60J225ME15D 1 GRM155R60J225ME15D Digi-Key 490-4519-1-ND C9, C10, C13 C402-25RD GRM1555C1H1R0CA01D 3 GRM1555C1H1ROCA01D Digi-Key 490-3199-2-ND Cap Cer 18 pF 50 V 5% NP0 C11, C12 C402-25RD GRM1555C1H180JZ01D 2 GRM1555C1H180JZ01D Digi-Key 490-1281-2-ND GRM1555C1H150JA01D Cap Cer 15 pF 50 V 5% NP0 C14, C16 C402-25RD GRM1555C1H150JA01D 2 GRM1555C1H150JA01D Digi-Key 490-5888-2-ND GRM1555C1H120JA01D Cap, 0402, C0G, 50 V, 12 pF C17, C18 C402-25RD GRM1555C1H120JA01D 2 GRM1555C1H120JA01D Newark 14T3292 GRM1555C1H102JA01D Cap Cer 1000 pF 50 V 5% NP0 C19 C402-25RD GRM1555C1H102JA01D 1 GRM1555C1H102JA01D Digi-Key 490-324-2-ND C0402C104K4RAC7411 Cap Cer 0.1 F 16 V 10% X7R C24 C402-25RD C0402C104K4RAC7411 1 C0402C104K4RAC7411 Digi-Key 399-7352-2-ND GRM155R71C223KA01J Cap Cer 0.022 F 16 V 10% X7R C25, C28 C402-25RD GRM155R71C223KA01J 2 GRM155R71C223KA01J Digi-Key 709-1128-2-ND C0402C104K4RAC7411 Cap Cer 0.1 F 16 V 10% X7R C26 C402-25RD C0402C104K4RAC7411 1 C0402C104K4RAC7411 Digi-Key 399-7352-2-ND VJ0402D560JXAAJ Cap Cer 56 pF 50 V 5% NP0 C27 C402-25RD VJ0402D560JXAAJ 1 VJ0402D560JXAAJ Digi-Key 720-1293-2-ND GRM155R60J105KE19D Cap Cer 1 F 6.3 V 10% X5R C29, C31, C32 C402-25RD GRM155R60J105KE19D 3 GRM155R60J105KE19D Digi-Key 490-1320-2-ND LED-SML31SQ LED 0402 BLUE465NM D1 Digi-Key 511-1615-1-ND FB1 l402-25 BLM15HG102SN1D 1 Digi-Key 490-3999-2-ND J1 FTSH2X5110X29 FTSH-105-01-FDH 1 Arrow 2745567S5787043N1004 TBSTC-501-D- 200-22-G300-LF Major League Elec .050x.050 cl Thicker Brd Stacker Term Strips - Custom J5, J7 JUMP1X23826-50CTR TBSTC-501-D- 200-22-G300- LF 2 Major League Elec TBSTC-501-D-200-22-G-300-LF LQG15HS1N0S02D 1 nH, I0402-25 L1 l402-25 LQG15HS1N0S02D 1 Murata Elec LQG15HS1N0S02D Digi-Key 490-2610-2-ND LQG15HH5N1S02D 5.1 nH 0.3 nH, I040225 L2 l402-25 LQG15HH5N1S02D 1 Murata Elec LQG15HH5N1S02D Mouser 81-LQG15HH5N1S02D LQG15HS2N0S02D 2.0 nH, I0402-25 L3, L$ l402-25 LQG15HS2N0S02D 2 Murata LQG15HS2N0S02D Mouser 81-LQG15HS2N0S02D LED 0402 BLUE 465NM TRANSPARENT BLM15HG102SN1D Filter Chip 1000 250 mA FTSH-105-01-FDH 24 Manufacturer Johanson Dielectrics Inc. DNP DNP 1 TRANSPARENT BLM15HG102N1D Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Schematics and Bill of Materials www.ti.com Table 3. BLE Section BOM (continued) Description Designat or Footprint LibRef Qty ERJ-2GE0R00X Res 0 1/10W R1, R2, R4, R5, R6, R8, R9, R13, R14, R18, R22, R43 R402-25RD ERJ-2GE0R00X 12 ERJ-2GE0R00X Res 0 1/10W R3, R21 R402-25RD ERJ-2GE0R00X 2 CR0402-J/-000G Resistor Chip, Jumper, 0 , 1% R7 R402-25RD CR0402-J/-000G 1 CRCW04022K70FKED Res 2.70 k 1/16W 1% R10 R402-25RD CRCW04022K70FKED CRCW040256K0FKED Res 56 k 1/16W 1% R11 R402-25RD CRCW040256K0FKED CRCW0402270RFKED Res 270 1/16W 1% R12 R402-25RD CRCW04021M00JNED Res 1 m 1/16W 5% R15 CRCW040210K0FKED Res 10 K 1/16W 1% R19, R20 Comment Socket and OxygenSensor S1 Supplier Part No. Digi-Key P0.0JTR-ND DNP Digi-Key P0.0JTR-ND DNP Newark 02J1955 1 Digi-Key 541-2.70KLCT-ND 1 Digi-Key 541-56.0KLCT-ND CRCW0402270RFKED 1 Digi-Key 541-270LCT-ND R402-25RD CRCW04021M00JNED 1 Digi-Key 541-1.0MJCT-ND R402-25RD CRCW040210K0FKED 2 Digi-Key 541-10.0KLCT-ND Newark 10F7941 Digi-Key LM4120AIM5-2.5CT-ND Digi-Key LMP91000SDE/NOPBTR -ND Digi-Key 535-9544-2-ND SKT_O2-A1 Socket and Oxygen-Sensor Single-Chip BLE U1 CC2541 1 LM4120AIM5- 2.5/NOPB IC VREF Series Prec 2.5 V U4 SOT23-27X395 LM4120AIM5-2.5/NOPB 1 LMP91000SD Configurable AFE Potentiostat for LowPower Chemical Sensing U5 NHL0014BWSON LMP91000SD 1 ABS07- 32.768kHz-9 Oscillator X1 XTAL2-ABS07 ABS07-32.768kHz-9 1 X2 XTAL4-37X34FA128 FA128 1 Oscillator Manufacturer Part No. DNP Alphasense (Sensor) 02-A1 Cambion (Socket) 450-3326-01-03-00 TI CC2541F256RHAR 1 CC2541 FA128 ASSY_Option TI Epson SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Q22FA1280009200 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated 25 Schematics and Bill of Materials NOTE: www.ti.com Capacitors C29 and C32 on SAT0010 provide low-pass filtering to the analog output signals (VOUT and C2) from LMP91000. In the schematic, they are placed as placeholders and shown as DNP (do not populate). During testing of this platform it was noted that a value of .01 F was most optimized for C29 and C32 for this particular platform. Customers can finetune this selection based on their system design. Figure 25. CO and O2 Figure 26. Filter 26 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Layout www.ti.com 6 Layout 6.1 SAT Gas Sensor Platform With BLE 6.1.1 SAT0009 (Power Board) Layer Plots See SNVC102 for additional layer plots of the SAT0009 (power board, Figure 27). Figure 27. Power Board 6.1.2 SAT0010 (AFE and BLE Board) Layer Plots See SNVC102 for additional layer plots of the SAT0010 (AFE and BLE board, Figure 28). Figure 28. AFE and BLE Board SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated 27 Practical Applications 7 Practical Applications 7.1 iOS Application www.ti.com Figure 29, Figure 30, Figure 31, Figure 32, and Figure 33 show the TI BLE Sensor application as used with an iPad. Figure 29. Application Icon 28 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Practical Applications www.ti.com Figure 30. Locating the Sensors Figure 31. Updating the Sensors SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated 29 Practical Applications www.ti.com Figure 32. Connecting to a Sensor Figure 33. Main Menu 30 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Practical Applications www.ti.com 7.2 Firmware Section One of the development platforms for the CC2451 8051 microcontroller is the IAR development platform. For information on this platform, see http://www.iar.com/. To communicate to the development platform through IAR, the CC DEBUGGER is required. See Section 3.1. The CC DEBUGGER must be connected to the 10-pin header on the SAT0010 board. Make sure that the notch on the cable that connects to the 10-pin header is facing away from the sensor or toward the outside. If connected properly, the LED on the CC DEBUGGER turns green. Figure 34. CC DEBUGGER Figure 35. Launching IAR Launch the project file as shown in Figure 35. SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated 31 Practical Applications www.ti.com Figure 36. IAR Version in Use Ensure that you are using the version used in Figure 36 or a newer version. Figure 37. Main Loop Highlight Main.c, as shown in Figure 37. 32 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Practical Applications www.ti.com Figure 38. Communication Settings The number of times the Bluetooth radio communicates with the iOS application can be easily changed by using the highlighted variable shown in Figure 38. Figure 39. Sensor Section The firmware has a case statement to easily change from a CO sensor to an O2 sensor, as shown in Figure 39. Note the x in front of the CO option. SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated 33 Practical Applications www.ti.com Figure 40. CO Settings All the key configuration settings for LMP91000 have been co-located for easy update to the firmware (see Figure 40). Figure 41. Adding New Sensor New sensor services can be added to the firmware, as shown in Figure 41. 34 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated www.ti.com Appendix A SAT0009 Power Board Files A.1 Gerber Files See SNVC106 for the Gerber files for the SAT0009 power board and the SAT0010 AFE and BLE board. A.2 Altium Project Files See SNVC100 for the Altium Project files of the SAT0009 power board (see Figure 42). Figure 42. Power Board SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback SAT0009 Power Board Files Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated 35 Altium Project Files www.ti.com See SNVC100 for the Altium Project files of the SAT0010 AFE and BLE board (see Figure 43). Figure 43. AFE and BLE Board 36 SAT0009 Power Board Files SNOA922 - August 2013 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated ADDITIONAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS, WARNINGS, RESTRICTIONS, AND DISCLAIMERS FOR EVALUATION MODULES Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) markets, sells, and loans all evaluation boards, kits, and/or modules (EVMs) pursuant to, and user expressly acknowledges, represents, and agrees, and takes sole responsibility and risk with respect to, the following: 1. User agrees and acknowledges that EVMs are intended to be handled and used for feasibility evaluation only in laboratory and/or development environments. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in certain instances, TI makes certain EVMs available to users that do not handle and use EVMs solely for feasibility evaluation only in laboratory and/or development environments, but may use EVMs in a hobbyist environment. All EVMs made available to hobbyist users are FCC certified, as applicable. Hobbyist users acknowledge, agree, and shall comply with all applicable terms, conditions, warnings, and restrictions in this document and are subject to the disclaimer and indemnity provisions included in this document. 2. Unless otherwise indicated, EVMs are not finished products and not intended for consumer use. EVMs are intended solely for use by technically qualified electronics experts who are familiar with the dangers and application risks associated with handling electrical mechanical components, systems, and subsystems. 3. User agrees that EVMs shall not be used as, or incorporated into, all or any part of a finished product. 4. User agrees and acknowledges that certain EVMs may not be designed or manufactured by TI. 5. User must read the user's guide and all other documentation accompanying EVMs, including without limitation any warning or restriction notices, prior to handling and/or using EVMs. Such notices contain important safety information related to, for example, temperatures and voltages. For additional information on TI's environmental and/or safety programs, please visit www.ti.com/esh or contact TI. 6. User assumes all responsibility, obligation, and any corresponding liability for proper and safe handling and use of EVMs. 7. Should any EVM not meet the specifications indicated in the user's guide or other documentation accompanying such EVM, the EVM may be returned to TI within 30 days from the date of delivery for a full refund. THE FOREGOING LIMITED WARRANTY IS THE EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY MADE BY TI TO USER AND IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. TI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO USER FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RELATED TO THE HANDLING OR USE OF ANY EVM. 8. No license is granted under any patent right or other intellectual property right of TI covering or relating to any machine, process, or combination in which EVMs might be or are used. TI currently deals with a variety of customers, and therefore TI's arrangement with the user is not exclusive. TI assumes no liability for applications assistance, customer product design, software performance, or infringement of patents or services with respect to the handling or use of EVMs. 9. User assumes sole responsibility to determine whether EVMs may be subject to any applicable federal, state, or local laws and regulatory requirements (including but not limited to U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulations, if applicable) related to its handling and use of EVMs and, if applicable, compliance in all respects with such laws and regulations. 10. User has sole responsibility to ensure the safety of any activities to be conducted by it and its employees, affiliates, contractors or designees, with respect to handling and using EVMs. Further, user is responsible to ensure that any interfaces (electronic and/or mechanical) between EVMs and any human body are designed with suitable isolation and means to safely limit accessible leakage currents to minimize the risk of electrical shock hazard. 11. User shall employ reasonable safeguards to ensure that user's use of EVMs will not result in any property damage, injury or death, even if EVMs should fail to perform as described or expected. 12. User shall be solely responsible for proper disposal and recycling of EVMs consistent with all applicable federal, state, and local requirements. Certain Instructions. User shall operate EVMs within TI's recommended specifications and environmental considerations per the user's guide, accompanying documentation, and any other applicable requirements. Exceeding the specified ratings (including but not limited to input and output voltage, current, power, and environmental ranges) for EVMs may cause property damage, personal injury or death. If there are questions concerning these ratings, user should contact a TI field representative prior to connecting interface electronics including input power and intended loads. Any loads applied outside of the specified output range may result in unintended and/or inaccurate operation and/or possible permanent damage to the EVM and/or interface electronics. Please consult the applicable EVM user's guide prior to connecting any load to the EVM output. If there is uncertainty as to the load specification, please contact a TI field representative. During normal operation, some circuit components may have case temperatures greater than 60C as long as the input and output are maintained at a normal ambient operating temperature. These components include but are not limited to linear regulators, switching transistors, pass transistors, and current sense resistors which can be identified using EVMs' schematics located in the applicable EVM user's guide. When placing measurement probes near EVMs during normal operation, please be aware that EVMs may become very warm. As with all electronic evaluation tools, only qualified personnel knowledgeable in electronic measurement and diagnostics normally found in development environments should use EVMs. Agreement to Defend, Indemnify and Hold Harmless. User agrees to defend, indemnify, and hold TI, its directors, officers, employees, agents, representatives, affiliates, licensors and their representatives harmless from and against any and all claims, damages, losses, expenses, costs and liabilities (collectively, "Claims") arising out of, or in connection with, any handling and/or use of EVMs. User's indemnity shall apply whether Claims arise under law of tort or contract or any other legal theory, and even if EVMs fail to perform as described or expected. Safety-Critical or Life-Critical Applications. If user intends to use EVMs in evaluations of safety critical applications (such as life support), and a failure of a TI product considered for purchase by user for use in user's product would reasonably be expected to cause severe personal injury or death such as devices which are classified as FDA Class III or similar classification, then user must specifically notify TI of such intent and enter into a separate Assurance and Indemnity Agreement. RADIO FREQUENCY REGULATORY COMPLIANCE INFORMATION FOR EVALUATION MODULES Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) evaluation boards, kits, and/or modules (EVMs) and/or accompanying hardware that is marketed, sold, or loaned to users may or may not be subject to radio frequency regulations in specific countries. General Statement for EVMs Not Including a Radio For EVMs not including a radio and not subject to the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) or Industry Canada (IC) regulations, TI intends EVMs to be used only for engineering development, demonstration, or evaluation purposes. EVMs are not finished products typically fit for general consumer use. EVMs may nonetheless generate, use, or radiate radio frequency energy, but have not been tested for compliance with the limits of computing devices pursuant to part 15 of FCC or the ICES-003 rules. Operation of such EVMs may cause interference with radio communications, in which case the user at his own expense will be required to take whatever measures may be required to correct this interference. General Statement for EVMs including a radio User Power/Frequency Use Obligations: For EVMs including a radio, the radio included in such EVMs is intended for development and/or professional use only in legally allocated frequency and power limits. Any use of radio frequencies and/or power availability in such EVMs and their development application(s) must comply with local laws governing radio spectrum allocation and power limits for such EVMs. It is the user's sole responsibility to only operate this radio in legally acceptable frequency space and within legally mandated power limitations. Any exceptions to this are strictly prohibited and unauthorized by TI unless user has obtained appropriate experimental and/or development licenses from local regulatory authorities, which is the sole responsibility of the user, including its acceptable authorization. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Compliance For EVMs Annotated as FCC - FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION Part 15 Compliant Caution This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Changes or modifications could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. FCC Interference Statement for Class A EVM devices This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at its own expense. FCC Interference Statement for Class B EVM devices This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: * Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. * Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. * Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. * Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. Industry Canada Compliance (English) For EVMs Annotated as IC - INDUSTRY CANADA Compliant: This Class A or B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003. Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. Concerning EVMs Including Radio Transmitters This device complies with Industry Canada licence-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device. Concerning EVMs Including Detachable Antennas Under Industry Canada regulations, this radio transmitter may only operate using an antenna of a type and maximum (or lesser) gain approved for the transmitter by Industry Canada. To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) is not more than that necessary for successful communication. This radio transmitter has been approved by Industry Canada to operate with the antenna types listed in the user guide with the maximum permissible gain and required antenna impedance for each antenna type indicated. Antenna types not included in this list, having a gain greater than the maximum gain indicated for that type, are strictly prohibited for use with this device. Canada Industry Canada Compliance (French) Cet appareil numerique de la classe A ou B est conforme a la norme NMB-003 du Canada Les changements ou les modifications pas expressement approuves par la partie responsable de la conformite ont pu vider l'autorite de l'utilisateur pour actionner l'equipement. Concernant les EVMs avec appareils radio Le present appareil est conforme aux CNR d'Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence. L'exploitation est autorisee aux deux conditions suivantes : (1) l'appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage, et (2) l'utilisateur de l'appareil doit accepter tout brouillage radioelectrique subi, meme si le brouillage est susceptible d'en compromettre le fonctionnement. Concernant les EVMs avec antennes detachables Conformement a la reglementation d'Industrie Canada, le present emetteur radio peut fonctionner avec une antenne d'un type et d'un gain maximal (ou inferieur) approuve pour l'emetteur par Industrie Canada. Dans le but de reduire les risques de brouillage radioelectrique a l'intention des autres utilisateurs, il faut choisir le type d'antenne et son gain de sorte que la puissance isotrope rayonnee equivalente (p.i.r.e.) ne depasse pas l'intensite necessaire a l'etablissement d'une communication satisfaisante. Le present emetteur radio a ete approuve par Industrie Canada pour fonctionner avec les types d'antenne enumeres dans le manuel d'usage et ayant un gain admissible maximal et l'impedance requise pour chaque type d'antenne. Les types d'antenne non inclus dans cette liste, ou dont le gain est superieur au gain maximal indique, sont strictement interdits pour l'exploitation de l'emetteur. Mailing Address: Texas Instruments, Post Office Box 655303, Dallas, Texas 75265 Copyright (c) 2014, Texas Instruments Incorporated spacer Important Notice for Users of EVMs Considered "Radio Frequency Products" in Japan EVMs entering Japan are NOT certified by TI as conforming to Technical Regulations of Radio Law of Japan. If user uses EVMs in Japan, user is required by Radio Law of Japan to follow the instructions below with respect to EVMs: 1. 2. 3. Use EVMs in a shielded room or any other test facility as defined in the notification #173 issued by Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications on March 28, 2006, based on Sub-section 1.1 of Article 6 of the Ministry's Rule for Enforcement of Radio Law of Japan, Use EVMs only after user obtains the license of Test Radio Station as provided in Radio Law of Japan with respect to EVMs, or Use of EVMs only after user obtains the Technical Regulations Conformity Certification as provided in Radio Law of Japan with respect to EVMs. Also, do not transfer EVMs, unless user gives the same notice above to the transferee. Please note that if user does not follow the instructions above, user will be subject to penalties of Radio Law of Japan. http://www.tij.co.jp 1. 2. 3. 61118328173 http://www.tij.co.jp Texas Instruments Japan Limited (address) 24-1, Nishi-Shinjuku 6 chome, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan IMPORTANT NOTICE FOR TI REFERENCE DESIGNS Texas Instruments Incorporated ("TI") reference designs are solely intended to assist designers ("Buyers") who are developing systems that incorporate TI semiconductor products (also referred to herein as "components"). Buyer understands and agrees that Buyer remains responsible for using its independent analysis, evaluation and judgment in designing Buyer's systems and products. TI reference designs have been created using standard laboratory conditions and engineering practices. TI has not conducted any testing other than that specifically described in the published documentation for a particular reference design. TI may make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other changes to its reference designs. Buyers are authorized to use TI reference designs with the TI component(s) identified in each particular reference design and to modify the reference design in the development of their end products. HOWEVER, NO OTHER LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE TO ANY OTHER TI INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT, AND NO LICENSE TO ANY THIRD PARTY TECHNOLOGY OR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT, IS GRANTED HEREIN, including but not limited to any patent right, copyright, mask work right, or other intellectual property right relating to any combination, machine, or process in which TI components or services are used. Information published by TI regarding third-party products or services does not constitute a license to use such products or services, or a warranty or endorsement thereof. Use of such information may require a license from a third party under the patents or other intellectual property of the third party, or a license from TI under the patents or other intellectual property of TI. TI REFERENCE DESIGNS ARE PROVIDED "AS IS". TI MAKES NO WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS WITH REGARD TO THE REFERENCE DESIGNS OR USE OF THE REFERENCE DESIGNS, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS. TI DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY OF TITLE AND ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT, QUIET POSSESSION, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT OF ANY THIRD PARTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS WITH REGARD TO TI REFERENCE DESIGNS OR USE THEREOF. TI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR AND SHALL NOT DEFEND OR INDEMNIFY BUYERS AGAINST ANY THIRD PARTY INFRINGEMENT CLAIM THAT RELATES TO OR IS BASED ON A COMBINATION OF COMPONENTS PROVIDED IN A TI REFERENCE DESIGN. IN NO EVENT SHALL TI BE LIABLE FOR ANY ACTUAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR INDIRECT DAMAGES, HOWEVER CAUSED, ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY AND WHETHER OR NOT TI HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF TI REFERENCE DESIGNS OR BUYER'S USE OF TI REFERENCE DESIGNS. TI reserves the right to make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other changes to its semiconductor products and services per JESD46, latest issue, and to discontinue any product or service per JESD48, latest issue. Buyers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. All semiconductor products are sold subject to TI's terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment. TI warrants performance of its components to the specifications applicable at the time of sale, in accordance with the warranty in TI's terms and conditions of sale of semiconductor products. Testing and other quality control techniques for TI components are used to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty. Except where mandated by applicable law, testing of all parameters of each component is not necessarily performed. TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or the design of Buyers' products. Buyers are responsible for their products and applications using TI components. To minimize the risks associated with Buyers' products and applications, Buyers should provide adequate design and operating safeguards. Reproduction of significant portions of TI information in TI data books, data sheets or reference designs is permissible only if reproduction is without alteration and is accompanied by all associated warranties, conditions, limitations, and notices. TI is not responsible or liable for such altered documentation. Information of third parties may be subject to additional restrictions. Buyer acknowledges and agrees that it is solely responsible for compliance with all legal, regulatory and safety-related requirements concerning its products, and any use of TI components in its applications, notwithstanding any applications-related information or support that may be provided by TI. Buyer represents and agrees that it has all the necessary expertise to create and implement safeguards that anticipate dangerous failures, monitor failures and their consequences, lessen the likelihood of dangerous failures and take appropriate remedial actions. Buyer will fully indemnify TI and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of any TI components in Buyer's safety-critical applications. In some cases, TI components may be promoted specifically to facilitate safety-related applications. With such components, TI's goal is to help enable customers to design and create their own end-product solutions that meet applicable functional safety standards and requirements. Nonetheless, such components are subject to these terms. No TI components are authorized for use in FDA Class III (or similar life-critical medical equipment) unless authorized officers of the parties have executed an agreement specifically governing such use. Only those TI components that TI has specifically designated as military grade or "enhanced plastic" are designed and intended for use in military/aerospace applications or environments. Buyer acknowledges and agrees that any military or aerospace use of TI components that have not been so designated is solely at Buyer's risk, and Buyer is solely responsible for compliance with all legal and regulatory requirements in connection with such use. TI has specifically designated certain components as meeting ISO/TS16949 requirements, mainly for automotive use. In any case of use of non-designated products, TI will not be responsible for any failure to meet ISO/TS16949.IMPORTANT NOTICE Mailing Address: Texas Instruments, Post Office Box 655303, Dallas, Texas 75265 Copyright (c) 2014, Texas Instruments Incorporated Mouser Electronics Authorized Distributor Click to View Pricing, Inventory, Delivery & Lifecycle Information: Texas Instruments: GASSENSOREVM