LM4881 LM4881 Dual 200 mW Headphone Amplifier with Shutdown Mode Literature Number: SNAS001C LM4881 Dual 200 mW Headphone Amplifier with Shutdown Mode General Description The LM4881 is a dual audio power amplifier capable of delivering 200mW of continuous average power into an 8 load with 0.1% THD+N from a 5V power supply. Boomer audio power amplifiers were designed specifically to provide high quality output power with a minimal amount of external components using surface mount packaging. Since the LM4881 does not require bootstrap capacitors or snubber networks, it is optimally suited for low-power portable systems. The LM4881 features an externally controlled, low power consumption shutdown mode which is virtually clickless and popless, as well as an internal thermal shutdown protection mechanism. The unity-gain stable LM4881 can be configured by external gain-setting resistors. Key Specifications j THD+N at 1kHz at 75mW continuous average output power into 32 0.02% (typ) j Output power at 10% THD+N at 1kHz into 8 300mW (typ) j Shutdown Current 0.7A (typ) j Supply voltage range 2.7V to 5.5V Features n n n n n MSOP surface mount packaging Unity-gain stable External gain configuration capability Thermal shutdown protection circuitry No bootstrap capacitors, or snubber circuits are necessary Applications j THD+N at 1kHz at 125mW continuous average output power into 8 0.1% (max) n Headphone Amplifier n Personal Computers n Microphone Preamplifier Typical Application 10000501 *Refer to the Application Information Section for information concerning proper selection of the input and output coupling capacitors. FIGURE 1. Typical Audio Amplifier Application Circuit Boomer (R) is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation. (c) 2004 National Semiconductor Corporation DS100005 www.national.com LM4881 Dual 200 mW Headphone Amplifier with Shutdown Mode September 2004 LM4881 Connection Diagrams MSOP Package 10000502 SOP and DIP Package 10000538 Top View Order Number LM4881MM, LM4881M, or LM4881N See NS Package Number MUA08A, M08A, or N08E www.national.com 2 Thermal Resistance If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. JC (MSOP) 56C/W JA (MSOP) 210C/W Supply Voltage 6.0V Storage Temperature Input Voltage JC (SOP) 35C/W JA (SOP) 170C/W -65C to +150C JC (DIP) 37C/W -0.3V to VDD + 0.3V JA (DIP) 107C/W Power Dissipation (Note 4) Internally limited ESD Susceptibility (Note 5) 2000V ESD Susceptibility (Note 6) 200V Junction Temperature Operating Ratings Temperature Range 150C TMIN TA TMAX Soldering Information (Note 1) -40C T Small Outline Package Vapor Phase (60 seconds) 215C Infrared (15 seconds) 220C A 85C 2.7V VDD 5.5V Supply Voltage Note 1: See AN-450 "Surface Mounting and their Effects on Product Reliability" for other methods of soldering surface mount devices. Electrical Characteristics (Notes 2, 3) The following specifications apply for VDD = 5V unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for TA = 25C. Symbol Parameter Conditions LM4881 Typ (Note Limit (Note 7) 8) VDD Power Supply Voltage Units (Limits) 2.7 V (min) 5.5 V (max) 6.0 mA (max) IDD Quiescent Current VIN = 0V, IO = 0A 3.6 0.7 5 A (max) 5 50 mV (max) RL = 8 200 125 mW (min) RL = 16 150 mW RL = 32 85 mW ISD Shutdown Current VPIN1 = VDD VOS Offset Voltage VIN = 0V PO Output Power THD = 0.1% (max); f = 1 kHz; THD + N = 10%; f = 1 kHz; THD+N PSRR Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise RL = 8 300 mW RL = 16 200 mW RL = 32 110 mW RL = 16, P 0.025 % R L = 32, PO = 75 mWrms; f = 1 kHz 0.02 % CB = 1.0 F, VRIPPLE = 200 mVrms, f = 120Hz 50 dB 3 O = 120 mWrms; www.national.com LM4881 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 3) LM4881 Electrical Characteristics (Notes 2, 3) The following specifications apply for VDD = 3V unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for TA = 25C. Symbol Parameter Conditions LM4881 Typ (Note 7) Units (Limits) Limit (Note 8) IDD Quiescent Current VIN = 0V, IO = 0A 1.1 ISD Shutdown Current VPIN1 = VDD 0.7 A VOS Offset Voltage VIN = 0V 5 mV PO Output Power THD = 1% (max); f = 1 kHz; mW mA RL = 8 70 RL= 16 65 mW RL = 32 30 mW RL = 8 95 mW RL = 16 65 mW RL = 32 35 mW THD + N = 10%; f = 1 kHz; THD+N PSRR Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise RL = 16, P Power Supply Rejection Ratio CB = 1.0 F, VRIPPLE = 200 mVrms, f = 100 Hz O = 60 mWrms; RL = 32, PO = 25 mWrms; f = 1 kHz 0.2 % 0.03 % 50 dB Note 2: All voltages are measured with respect to the ground pin, unless otherwise specified. Note 3: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. Electrical Characteristics state DC and AC electrical specifications under particular test conditions which guarantee specific performance limits. This assumes that the device is within the Operating Ratings. Specifications are not guaranteed for parameters where no limit is given, however, the typical value is a good indication of device performance. Note 4: The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJMAX, JA, and the ambient temperature TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation is P DMAX = (TJMAX - TA) / JA. For the LM4881, TJMAX = 150C, and the typical junction-to-ambient thermal resistance, when board mounted, is 210C/W for the MSOP Package and 107C/W for package N08E. Note 5: Human body model, 100 pF discharged through a 1.5 k resistor. Note 6: Machine Model, 220 pF-240 pF discharged through all pins. Note 7: Typicals are measured at 25C and represent the parametric norm. Note 8: Limits are guaranteed to National's AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level). www.national.com 4 LM4881 External Components Description (Figure 1) Components Functional Description 1. Ri Inverting input resistance which sets the closed-loop gain in conjuction with Rf. This resistor also forms a high pass filter with Ci at fc = 1 / (2R iCi). 2. Ci Input coupling capacitor which blocks the DC voltage at the amplifier's input terminals. Also creates a highpass filter with Ri at fc = 1 / (2RiC i). Refer to the section, Proper Selection of External Components, for and explanation of how to determine the value of Ci. 3. Rf Feedback resistance which sets closed-loop gain in conjuction with Ri. 4. CS Supply bypass capacitor which provides power supply filtering. Refer to the Application Information section for proper placement and selection of the supply bypass capacitor. 5. CB Bypass pin capacitor which provides half-supply filtering. Refer to the section, Proper Selection of External Components, for information concerning proper placement and selection of CB. 6. CO Output coupling capacitor which blocks the DC voltage at the amplifier's output. Forms a high pass filter with RL at fO = 1/(2RLCO) Typical Performance Characteristics THD+N vs Frequency THD+N vs Frequency 10000503 10000504 THD+N vs Frequency THD+N vs Frequency 10000505 10000506 5 www.national.com LM4881 Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued) THD+N vs Frequency THD+N vs Frequency 10000507 10000508 THD+N vs Output Power THD+N vs Output Power 10000509 10000510 THD+N vs Output Power THD+N vs Output Power 10000511 www.national.com 10000512 6 LM4881 Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued) THD+N vs Output Power THD+N vs Output Power 10000513 10000514 Output Power vs Supply Voltage Output Power vs Supply Voltage 10000516 10000515 Output Power vs Supply Voltage Power Dissipation vs Output Power 10000517 10000518 7 www.national.com LM4881 Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued) Output Power vs Load Resistance Output Power vs Load Resistance 10000519 10000520 Power Dissipation vs Output Power Clipping Voltage vs Supply Voltage 10000521 10000522 Clipping Voltage vs Supply Voltage Channel Separation 10000523 www.national.com 10000524 8 LM4881 Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued) Output Attenuation in Shutdown Mode Supply Current vs Supply Voltage 10000526 10000525 Power Supply Rejection Ratio Open Loop Frequency Response 10000527 10000528 Frequency Response vs Output Capacitor Size Noise Floor 10000530 10000529 9 www.national.com LM4881 Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued) Frequency Response vs Output Capacitor Size Frequency Response vs Output Capacitor Size 10000532 10000531 Typical Application Frequency Response Typical Application Frequency Response 10000533 10000534 Power Derating Curve 10000535 www.national.com 10 SHUTDOWN FUNCTION In order to reduce power consumption while not in use, the LM4881 contains a shutdown pin to externally turn off the amplifier's bias circuitry. This shutdown feature turns the amplifier off when a logic high is placed on the shutdown pin. The trigger point between a logic low and logic high level is typically half supply. It is best to switch between ground and supply to provide maximum device performance. By switching the shutdown pin to the VDD, the LM4881 supply current draw will be minimized in idle mode. While the device will be disabled with shutdown pin voltages less than V DD, the idle current may be greater than the typical value of 0.7 A. In either case, the shutdown pin should be tied to a definite voltage because leaving the pin floating may result in an unwanted shutdown condition. In many applications, a microcontroller or microprocessor output is used to control the shutdown circuitry which provides a quick, smooth transition into shutdown. Another solution is to use a single-pole, single-throw switch in conjunction with an external pull-up resistor. When the switch is closed, the shutdown pin is connected to ground and enables the amplifier. If the switch is open, then the external pull-up resistor will disable the LM4881. This scheme guarantees that the shutdown pin will not float which will prevent unwanted state changes. PROPER SELECTION OF EXTERNAL COMPONENTS Selection of external components when using integrated power amplifiers is critical to optimize device and system performance. While the LM4881 is tolerant of external component combinations, consideration to component values must be used to maximize overall system quality. The LM4881 is unity gain stable and this gives a designer maximum system flexibility. The LM4881 should be used in low gain configurations to minimize THD+N values, and maximum the signal-to-noise ratio. Low gain configurations require large input signals to obtain a given output power. Input signals equal to or greater than 1 Vrms are available from sources such as audio codecs. Please refer to the section, Audio Power Amplifier Design, for a more complete explanation of proper gain selection. Besides gain, one of the major considerations is the closed loop bandwidth of the amplifier. To a large extent, the bandwidth is dicated by the choice of external components shown in Figure 1. Both the input coupling capacitor, Ci, and the output coupling capacitor, Co, form first order high pass filters which limit low frequency response. These values should be chosen based on needed frequency response for a few distinct reasons. POWER DISSIPATION Power dissipation is a major concern when using any power amplifier and must be thoroughly understood to ensure a successful design. Equation 1 states the maximum power dissipation point for a single-ended amplifier operating at a given supply voltage and driving a specified output load. (1) PDMAX = (VDD) 2 / (22RL) Since the LM4881 has two operational amplifiers in one package, the maximum internal power dissipation point is twice that of the number which results from Equation 1. Even with the large internal power dissipation, the LM4881 does not require heat sinking over a large range of ambient temperature. From Equation 1, assuming a 5V power supply and an 8 load, the maximum power dissipation point is 158 mW per amplifier. Thus the maximum package dissipation point is 317 mW. The maximum power dissipation point obtained must not be greater than the power dissipation that results from Equation 2: (2) PDMAX = (TJMAX - TA) / JA For package MUA08A, JA = 230C/W, and for package M08A, JA = 170C/W, and for package N08E, JA = 107C/W. TJMAX = 150C for the LM4881. Depending on the ambient temperature, TA, of the system surroundings, Equation 2 can be used to find the maximum internal power dissipation supported by the IC packaging. If the result of Equation 1 is greater than that of Equation 2, then either the supply voltage must be decreased, the load impedance increased or TA reduced. For the typical application of a 5V power supply, with an 8 load, the maximum ambient temperature possible without violating the maximum junction temperature is approximately 96C provided that device operation is around the maximum power dissipation point. Power dissipation is a function of output power and thus, if typical operation is not around the maximum power dissipation point, the ambient temperature may be increased accordingly. Refer to the Typical Performance Characteristics curves for power dissipation information for lower output powers. Selection of Input and Output Capacitor Size Large input and output capacitors are both expensive and space hungry for portable designs. Clearly a certain sized capacitor is needed to couple in low frequencies without severe attenuation. But in many cases the speakers used in portable systems, whether internal or external, have little ability to reproduce signals below 150 Hz. Thus using large input and output capacitors may not increase system performance. In addition to system cost and size, click and pop performance is effected by the size of the input coupling capacitor, Ci. A larger input coupling capacitor requires more charge to reach its quiescent DC voltage (nominally 1/2 VDD). This charge comes from the output via the feedback and is apt to create pops upon device enable. Thus, by minimizing the capacitor size based on necessary low frequency response, turn on pops can be minimized. Besides minimizing the input and output capacitor sizes, careful consideration should be paid to the bypass capacitor value. Bypass capacitor CB is the most critical component to minimize turn on pops since it determines how fast the LM4881 turns on. The slower the LM4881's outputs ramp to their quiescent DC voltage (nominally 1/2 VDD), the smaller the turn on pop. Thus choosing CB equal to 1.0 F along with a small value of Ci (in the range of 0.1 F to 0.39 F), the 11 www.national.com LM4881 POWER SUPPLY BYPASSING As with any power amplifer, proper supply bypassing is critical for low noise performance and high power supply rejection. The capacitor location on both the bypass and power supply pins should be as close to the device as possible. As displayed in the Typical Performance Characteristics section, the effect of a larger half supply bypass capacitor is improved low frequency PSRR due to increased half-supply stability. Typical applications employ a 5V regulator with 10 F and a 0.1 F bypass capacitors which aid in supply stability, but do not eliminate the need for bypassing the supply nodes of the LM4881. The selection of bypass capacitors, especially CB, is thus dependent upon desired low frequency PSRR, click and pop performance as explained in the section, Proper Selection of External Components section, system cost, and size constraints. Application Information LM4881 Application Information Dissipation section. Remember that the maximum power dissipation point from Equation 1 must be multiplied by two since there are two independent amplifiers inside the package. (Continued) shutdown function should be virtually clickless and popless. While the device will function properly, (no oscillations or motorboating), with C B equal to 0.1 F, the device will be much more susceptible to turn on clicks and pops. Thus, a value of CB equal to 0.1 F or larger is recommended in all but the most cost sensitive designs. Once the power dissipation equations have been addressed, the required gain can be determined from Equation 4. (4) (5) AV = Rf/Ri From Equation 4, the minimum gain is: AV = 1.26 Since the desired input impedance was 20 k, and with a gain of 1.26, a value of 27 k is designated for Rf, assuming 5% tolerance resistors. This combination results in a nominal gain of 1.35. The final design step is to address the bandwidth requirements which must be stated as a pair of -3 dB frequency points. Five times away from a -3 dB point is 0.17 dB down from passband response assuming a single pole roll-off. As stated in the External Components section, both Ri in conjunction with C i, and Co with RL, create first order highpass filters. Thus to obtain the desired frequency low response of 100 Hz within 0.5 dB, both poles must be taken into consideration. The combination of two single order filters at the same frequency forms a second order response. This results in a signal which is down 0.34 dB at five times away from the single order filter -3 dB point. Thus, a frequency of 20 Hz is used in the following equations to ensure that the response is better than 0.5 dB down at 100 Hz. Ci 1 / (2 * 20 k * 20 Hz) = 0.397 F; use 0.39 F. Co 1 / (2 * 8 * 20 Hz) = 995 F; use 1000 F. The high frequency pole is determined by the product of the desired high frequency pole, fH, and the closed-loop gain, A V. With a closed-loop gain of 1.35 and fH = 100 kHz, the resulting GBWP = 135 kHz which is much smaller than the LM4881 GBWP of 18 MHz. This figure displays that if a designer has a need to design an amplifier with a higher gain, the LM4881 can still be used without running into bandwidth limitations. AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER DESIGN Design a Dual 200mW/8 Audio Amplifier Given: Power Output Load Impedance Input Level Input Impedance Bandwidth 200 mWrms 8 1 Vrms (max) 20 k 100 Hz-20 kHz 0.50 dB A designer must first determine the needed supply rail to obtain the specified output power. Calculating the required supply rail involves knowing two parameters, VOPEAK and also the dropout voltage. The latter is typically 530 mV and can be found from the graphs in the Typical Performance Characteristics. VOPEAK can be determined from Equation 3. (3) For 200 mW of output power into an 8 load, the required VOPEAK is 1.79 volts. A minimum supply rail of 2.32V results from adding VOPEAK and VOD. Since 5V is a standard supply voltage in most applications, it is chosen for the supply rail. Extra supply voltage creates headroom that allows the LM4881 to reproduce peaks in excess of 200 mW without clipping the signal. At this time, the designer must make sure that the power supply choice along with the output impedance does not violate the conditions explained in the Power www.national.com 12 LM4881 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted Order Number LM4881MM NS Package Number MUA08A Order Number LM4881M NS Package Number M08A 13 www.national.com LM4881 Dual 200 mW Headphone Amplifier with Shutdown Mode Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued) Order Number LM4881N NS Package Number N08E LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL'S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. BANNED SUBSTANCE COMPLIANCE National Semiconductor certifies that the products and packing materials meet the provisions of the Customer Products Stewardship Specification (CSP-9-111C2) and the Banned Substances and Materials of Interest Specification (CSP-9-111S2) and contain no ``Banned Substances'' as defined in CSP-9-111S2. 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