APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION • TELEPHONE (520) 690-8600 • FAX (520) 888-3329 • ORDERS (520) 690-8601 • EMAIL prodlit@apexmicrotech.com
FEATURES
• LOW BIAS CURRENT, LOW NOISE — FET Input
• FULLY PROTECTED INPUT — Up to ±150V
• WIDE SUPPLY RANGE — ±15V to ±150V
APPLICATIONS
• HIGH VOLTAGE INSTRUMENTATION
• ELECTROSTATIC TRANSDUCERS & DEFLECTION
• PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLIES UP TO 290V
• ANALOG SIMULATORS
DESCRIPTION
The PA83 is a high voltage operational amplifier designed
for output voltage swings up to ±145V with a dual (±) supply or
290V with a single supply. Its input stage is protected against
transient and steady state overvoltages up to and including the
supply rails. High accuracy is achieved with a cascode input
circuit configuration. All internal biasing is referenced to a
zener diode fed by a FET constant current source. As a result,
the PA83 features an unprecedented supply range and excel-
lent supply rejection. The output stage is biased in the class A/
B mode for linear operation. Internal phase compensation
assures stability at all gain settings without need for external
components. Fixed current limits protect these amplifiers
against shorts to common at supply voltages up to 120V. For
operation into inductive loads, two external flyback pulse
protection diodes are recommended. However, a heatsink
may be necessary to maintain the proper case temperature
under normal operating conditions.
This hybrid circuit utilizes beryllia (BeO) substrates, thick
(cermet) film resistors, ceramic capacitors and silicon semi-
conductor chips to maximize reliability, minimize size and give
top performance. Ultrasonically bonded aluminum wires pro-
vide reliable interconnections at all operating temperatures.
The 8-pin TO-3 package is hermetically sealed and electrically
isolated. The use of compressible thermal isolation washers
and/or improper mounting torque voids product warranty.
Please see Application Note 1 “General Operating Consider-
ations”.
TYPICAL APPLICATION
While piezo electric transducers present a complex imped-
ance, they are often primarily capacitive at useful frequencies.
Due to this capacitance, the speed limitation for a given
transducer/amplifier combination may well stem from limited
current drive rather than power bandwidth restrictions. With its
drive capability of 75mA, the PA83 can drive transducers
having up to 2nF of capacitance at 40kHz at maximum output
voltage. In the event the transducer may be subject to shock
or vibration, flyback diodes, voltage clamps or other protection
networks must be added to protect the amplifier from high
voltages which may be generated.
EQUIVALENT SCHEMATIC
+150V
–150V
100K
A1
PA83
SIMPLE PIEZO ELECTRIC TRANSDUCER DRIVE
±5V
3.57K
GATED
OSCILLATOR
I = ∆
∆
V * C
t
EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS
TOP VIEW
1
2
3
4
5
67
8
–V
S
+IN
–IN
BAL
N.C.
OUTPUT
BAL +V
S
NOTES:
1. Pin 8 not internally connected.
2. Input offset trimpot optional.
Recommended value 100K .Ω
HTTP://WWW.APEXMICROTECH.COM (800) 546-APEX (800) 546-2739
MICROTECHNOLOGY
HIGH VOLTAGE POWER OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
PA83 • PA83A
2
7
4
3
5
6
1
Q1 Q2
D1
D2
Q15
Q12B
Q9
C4
Q8
Q13
Q4
Q3
C1
Q16 Q17
Q5
C5
Q12A
Q14
C6
C2 C3
Q10
Q6
Q7
Q11
APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION • 5980 NORTH SHANNON ROAD • TUCSON, ARIZONA 85741 • USA • APPLICATIONS HOTLINE: 1 (800) 546-2739
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
SPECIFICATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS SUPPLY VOLTAGE, +VS to –VS300V
OUTPUT CURRENT, within SOA Internally Limited
POWER DISSIPATION, internal at TC = 25°C117.5W
INPUT VOLTAGE, differential ±300V
INPUT VOLTAGE, common mode ±300V
TEMPERATURE, pin solder - 10s max (solder) 300°C
TEMPERATURE, junction 150°C
TEMPERATURE RANGE, storage –65 to +150°C
OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE, case –55 to +125°C
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS2MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX UNITS
INPUT
OFFSET VOLTAGE, initial TC = 25°C±1.5 ±3±.5 ±1mV
OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. temperature Full temperature range ±10 ±25 ±5±10 µV/°C
OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. supply TC = 25°C±.5 ±.2 µV/V
OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. time TC = 25°C±75 * µV/√kh
BIAS CURRENT, initial3TC = 25°C550310pA
BIAS CURRENT, vs. supply TC = 25°C .01 * pA/V
OFFSET CURRENT, initial3TC = 25°C±2.5 ±50 ±1.5 ±10 pA
OFFSET CURRENT, vs. supply TC = 25°C±.01 * pA/V
INPUT IMPEDANCE, DC TC = 25°C10
11 *Ω
INPUT CAPACITANCE Full temperature range 6 * pF
COMMON MODE VOLTAGE RANGE4Full temperature range ±VS–10 * V
COMMON MODE REJECTION, DC Full temperature range 130 * dB
GAIN
OPEN LOOP GAIN at 10Hz TC = 25°C, RL = 2KΩ96 116 * * dB
UNITY GAIN CROSSOVER FREQ. TC = 25°C, RL = 2KΩ5 3 * MHz
POWER BANDWIDTH TC = 25°C, RL = 10KΩ60 40 * kHz
PHASE MARGIN Full temperature range 60 * °
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE SWING4, full load Full temp. range, IO = 75mA ±VS–10 ±VS–5** V
VOLTAGE SWING4Full temp. range, IO = 15mA ±VS–5±VS–3** V
CURRENT, peak TC = 25°C75*mA
CURRENT, short circuit TC = 25°C 100 * mA
SLEW RATE6TC = 25°C, RL = 2KΩ20 30 * * V/µs
CAPACITIVE LOAD, unity gain Full temperature range 10 * nF
CAPACITIVE LOAD, gain > 4 Full temperature range SOA * µF
SETTLING TIME to .1% TC = 25°C, RL = 2KΩ, 10V step 12 * µs
POWER SUPPLY
VOLTAGE TC = –55°C to +125°C±15 ±150 ±150 * * * V
CURRENT, quiescent TC = 25°C 6 8.5 * * mA
THERMAL
RESISTANCE, AC, junction to case5F > 60Hz 3.8 * °C/W
RESISTANCE, DC, junction to case F < 60Hz 6 6.5 * * °C/W
RESISTANCE, case to air 30 * °C/W
TEMP. RANGE, case (PA83/PA83A) Meets full range specification –25 +85 * * °C
PA83A
PA83
PA83 •PA83A
NOTES: * The specification of PA83A is identical to the specification for PA83 in applicable column to the left.
1. Long term operation at the maximum junction temperature will result in reduced product life. Derate internal power dissipation
to achieve high MTTF.
2. The power supply voltage for all tests is the TYP rating, unless otherwise noted as a test condition.
3. Doubles for every 10°C of temperature increase.
4. +VS and –VS denote the positive and negative supply rail respectively. Total VS is measured from +VS to –VS.
5. Rating applies if the output current alternates between both output transistors at a rate faster than 60Hz.
6. Signal slew rates at pins 5 and 6 must be limited to less than 1V/ns to avoid damage. When faster waveforms are unavoidable,
resistors in series with those pins, limiting current to 150mA will protect the amplifier from damage.
The internal substrate contains beryllia (BeO). Do not break the seal. If accidentally broken, do not crush, machine, or
subject to temperatures in excess of 850°C to avoid generating toxic fumes.
CAUTION
APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION • TELEPHONE (520) 690-8600 • FAX (520) 888-3329 • ORDERS (520) 690-8601 • EMAIL prodlit@apexmicrotech.com
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE
GRAPHS PA83 • PA83A
0 25 50 75 100 125
TEMPERATURE, T (°C)
5
20
30
POWER DERATING
INTERNAL POWER DISSIPATION, P (W)
–55 100
0
200
250
CURRENT LIMIT
100
FREQUENCY, F (Hz)
INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE, V
N
(nV/ Hz)
1FREQUENCY, F (Hz)
–20
0
60
SMALL SIGNAL RESPONSE
OPEN LOOP GAIN, A
OL
(dB)
20
40
80
100
10
–210
–150
–60
0
PHASE RESPONSE
–90
–30
FREQUENCY, F (Hz)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE, V (V )
O
PULSE RESPONSE
OUTPUT VOLTAGE, V
O
(V
P
)
200
TOTAL SUPPLY VOLTAGE, V
S
(V)
.4
.6
1.6
SLEW RATE VS. SUPPLY
NORMALIZED SLEW RATE (X)
.8
1.4
COMMON MODE VOLTAGE
COMMON MODE VOLTAGE, V
CM
(V
PP
)
1FREQUENCY, F (Hz)
COMMON MODE REJECTION
COMMON MODE REJECTION, CMR (dB)
40
80
120
10 100 1FREQUENCY, F (Hz)
POWER SUPPLY REJECTION
POWER SUPPLY REJECTION, PSR (dB)
0 60 100
7
OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING
CURRENT LIMIT, I
LIM
(A)
6
INPUT NOISE
√
–25 25 50 75
150
25
POWER RESPONSE
PP
3050 100 150
1.2
20 40 80
2
3
1K 100K
PHASE, (°)
VOLTAGE DROP FROM SUPPLY, V
S
–V
O
(V)
4
20
60
100
10 100
0
20
40
60
80
100
1.0
50
8
–180
–120
0125
100 1K 10K .1M
250 300
15
10
0
10K 1M 10M
FREQUENCY, F (Hz)
1
120
120
10010 1M 10M
FREQUENCY, F (Hz)
Φ
140
01K 10K 1M 1K 10K 1M
120
140
6
0
–4
–6
–2
4
2
.5 1.5 2.51
–.5 0 2.0
.1M .1M
30
60
100
200
300
15
1M
10K .1M
20K 50K .2M .5M
2
4
6
10
20
15
10 1K 10K .1M
100
CASE TEMPERATURE, T
C
(°C) OUTPUT CURRENT I
O
(mA)
TIME, t (µs)
3.0
5
15
100
1M
.1M
50K .2M .5M
30
60
200
300
.3M .7M
150
PA83J
PA83/
PA83A
T
C
= 25°C
T
C
= 85°C
TC = –25°C
| +V
S
| + | –V
S
| = 100V
| +V
S
| + | –V
S
| = 300V
| +V
S
| + | –V
S
| = 300V
| +V
S
| + | –V
S
| = 100V
R
L
= 2K Ω
R
L
= 2K Ω
R
L
= 2K Ω
R
L
= 2K ΩR
L
= 2K Ω
V
IN
= ±5V, t
r
=100ns
+V
S
–V
S
OPERATING
CONSIDERATIONS
PA83 • PA83A
100 300
200
20
30
40
50
100
200
150
250
150120
80
70
INTERNAL VOLTAGE DROP
,
SUPPLY TO OUTPUT
(
V
)
OUTPUT CURRENT FROM +V
S
OR –V
S
(mA)
INTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT
t = 0.5ms
t = 1ms
SECOND BREAKDOWN
t = 5ms
steady state
INDUCTIVE LOADS
Two external diodes as shown in Figure 1, are required to
protect these amplifiers against flyback (kickback) pulses
exceeding the supply voltages of the amplifier when driving
inductive loads. For component selection, these external
diodes must be very quick, such as ultra fast recovery diodes
with no more than 200 nanoseconds of reverse recovery time.
Be sure the diode voltage rating is greater than the total of both
supplies. The diode will turn on to divert the flyback energy into
the supply rails thus protecting the output transistors from
destruction due to reverse bias.
A note of caution about the supply. The energy of the flyback
pulse must be absorbed by the power supply. As a result, a
transient will be superimposed on the supply voltage, the
magnitude of the transient being a function of its transient
impedance and current sinking capability. If the supply voltage
plus transient exceeds the maximum supply rating or if the AC
impedance of the supply is unknown, it is best to clamp the
output and the supply with a zener diode to absorb the
transient.
GENERAL
Please read Application Note 1 "General Operating Consid-
erations" which covers stability, supplies, heat sinking, mount-
ing, current limit, SOA interpretation, and specification inter-
pretation. Visit www.apexmicrotech.com for design tools that
help automate tasks such as calculations for stability, internal
power dissipation, current limit and heat sink selection. The
"Application Notes" and "Technical Seminar" sections contain
a wealth of information on specific types of applications. Pack-
age outlines, heat sinks, mounting hardware and other acces-
sories are located in the "Packages and Accessories" section.
Evaluation Kits are available for most Apex product models,
consult the "Evaluation Kit" section for details. For the most
current version of all Apex product data sheets, visit
www.apexmicrotech.com.
SAFE OPERATING AREA (SOA)
The bipolar output stage of this high voltage amplifier has
two distinct limitations.
1. The internal current limit, which limits maximum available
output current.
2. The second breakdown effect, which occurs whenever the
simultaneous collector current and collector-emitter voltage
exceed specified limits.
The SOA curves combine the effect of these limits. For a
given application, the direction and magnitude of the output
current should be calculated or measured and checked against
the SOA curves. This is simple for resistive loads but more
complex for reactive and EMF generating loads. However, the
following guidelines may save extensive analytical efforts:
+V
S
–V
S
FIGURE 1. PROTECTION, INDUCTIVE LOAD
This data sheet has been carefully checked and is believed to be reliable, however, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. All specifications are subject to change without notice.
PA83U REV. N MARCH 2001 © 2001 Apex Microtechnology Corp.
1. The following capacitive and inductive loads are safe:
±VSC(MAX) L(MAX)
150V .7 F 1.5H
125V 2.0µF 2.5H
100V 5.µF 6.0H
75V 60µF 30H
50V ALL ALL
2. Short circuits to ground are safe with dual supplies up to
120V or single supplies up to 120V.
3. Short circuits to the supply rails are safe with total supply
voltages up to 120V, e.g. ±60V.
4. The output stage is protected against transient flyback.
However, for protection against sustained, high energy
flyback, external fast-recovery diodes should be used.
