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AOZ1231-01
Rev. 1.1 June 2012
www.aosmd.com
Page 12 of 17
Output Capacitor
The output capacitor is selected based on the DC output
voltage rating, output ripple voltage specification and
ripple current rating.
The selected output capacitor must have a higher rated
voltage specification than the maximum desired output
voltage including ripple. De-rating needs to be
considered for long term reliability.
Output ripple voltage specification is another important
factor for selecting the output capacitor. In a buck
converter circuit, output ripple voltage is determined by
inductor value, switching frequency, output capacitor
value and ESR. It is calculated by the equation below:
where,
C
O
is output capacitor value and
ESR
CO
is the Equivalent Series Resistor of the output capacitor.
When a low ESR ceramic capacitor is used as the output
capacitor, the impedance of the capacitor at the switching
frequency dominates. Output ripple is mainly caused by
capacitor value and inductor ripple current. The output
ripple voltage calculation can be simplified to:
If the impedance of the ESR at switching frequency
dominates, the output ripple voltage is mainly decided by
capacitor ESR and inductor ripple current. The output
ripple voltage calculation can be further simplified to:
For lower output ripple voltage across the entire
operating temperature range, X5R or X7R dielectric type
ceramic capacitors, or other low ESR tantalum are
recommended to be used as output capacitors.
In a buck converter, output capacitor current is
continuous. The RMS current of output capacitor is
decided by the peak-to-peak inductor ripple current.
It can be calculated by:
Usually, the ripple current rating of the output capacitor is
a smaller issue because of the low current stress. When
the buck inductor is selected to be very small and
inductor ripple current is high, output capacitor could be
overstressed.
Thermal Management and Layout
Consideration
In the AOZ1231-01 buck regulator circuit, high pulsing
current flows through two circuit loops. The first loop
starts from the input capacitors, to the IN pins, to the
LX pins, to the filter inductor, to the output capacitor and
load, and then returns to the input capacitor through
ground. Current flows in the first loop when the high side
switch is on. The second loop starts from the inductor,
to the output capacitors and load, to the low side switch.
Current flows in the second loop when the low side low
side switch is on.
In PCB layout, minimizing the board area of the two loops
reduces the noise of the circuit and improves efficiency.
A ground plane is strongly recommended to connect
input capacitor, output capacitor, and PGND pins of the
AOZ1231-01.
In the AOZ1231-01 buck regulator circuit, the major
power dissipating components are the AOZ1231-01 and
the output inductor. The total power dissipation of the
converter circuit can be measured by input power minus
output power:
The power dissipation of the inductor can be
approximately calculated by output current and DCR of
inductor:
The actual junction temperature can be calculated with
power dissipation in the AOZ1231-01 and thermal
impedance from junction to ambient:
The maximum junction temperature of the AOZ1231-01
is 150ºC, which limits the maximum load current
capability.
The thermal performance of the AOZ1231-01 is strongly
affected by the PCB layout. Extra care should be taken
by users during design process to ensure that the IC will
operate under the recommended environmental
conditions.
VOILESRCO
1
8fC
O
-------------------------
+
=
VOIL
1
8fC
O
-------------------------
=
Ptotal_loss VIN IIN VOIO
–=
Pinductor_loss IO
2
Rinductor 1.1=
Tjunction Ptotal_loss Pinductor_loss
–
JA
=