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Current transducer FHS 40-P/SP600 IPM = 0 - 100 A
Minisens
Introduction
The Minisens transducer is an ultra at SMD open loop integrated circuit current transducer based on the Hall effect principle.
It is suitable for the electronic measurement of currents: DC, AC, pulsed, mixed. It has no insertion loss and provides galvanic
isolation between the primary circuit (high power) and the secondary circuit (sensor). It measures the magnetic eld generated
by the current owing in a conductor such as a PCB track. The output voltage is proportional to that magnetic eld.
The IC is calibrated to minimize offset and temperature drifts. An integrated magnetic circuit gives an optimum transducer
sensitivity. High isolation between the primary circuit and transducer electronics can be obtained with a double sided PCB.
This datasheet is for a device programmed for maximum sensitivity: other options will be available. For example, the sensitivity
range will be adjustable, and a choice of xed or ratiometric (proportional to power supply voltage) sensitivity and reference
voltage will be offered.
Features
Programmable Hall effect transducer for current ●
measurement applications up to ± 100 A
5 V power supply ●
Standard S0IC 8 pin package ●
Magnetic eld measurement range ± 3.3 mT ●
Sensitivity range up over to 200 mV/A ●
Isolated current measurement. ●
Advantages
Low cost ●
Small size ●
Excellent linearity ●
No power loss in primary circuit ●
Internal or external reference voltage may be used on ●
the same pin
Standby mode for reduced power consumption ●
Additional output for fast detection with response ●
time 3 µs.
Applications
Battery supplied applications ●
Motor control ●
Power meter ●
Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) ●
Switched Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) ●
Overcurrent fault protection ●
Threshold detection ●
Garage door opener ●
Window shutters ●
Motors and fans ●
Air conditioning ●
White goods. ●
Application domain
Industrial. ●
Standard
EN 50178. ●
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100727/10
FHS 40-P/SP600
0 - 100A
Absolute maximum ratings (non operating)
Block diagram
This block diagram includes user programmable options: please contact LEM for details.
Parameter Symbol Unit Specications Conditions
Supply voltage VCV5.6 Exceeding this voltage may temporarily
recongure the circuit until next power-on
8.25 Destructive
Electrostatic discharge kV 2Human Body Model
Latch-Up, Normal mode According to Jedec Standard JESD78A
Latch-Up, Standby mode According to Jedec Standard JESD78A @ 25°C
Latch-Up voltage in Standby mode V6.5 @ 125°C
Ambient operating temperature TA°C - 40 .. + 125
Ambient storage temperature TS°C - 55 .. + 150
Output short circuit duration Indenite
0V
3.03 *R
ref
R
ref
Hall sensor array,
concentrator
and front end electronics
Hall biasing and
temperature comp.
Programmer
Sensitivity,
Drift, Offset
V
C
V
OUT
Output
control
V
Ref
Bandgap Ref.
1.23V
Sensitivity
sign change
Ref calibration
200 Ohm
200 Ohm
Standby
V
OUTFast
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100727/10
FHS 40-P/SP600
0 - 100A
Notes: All parameters are for the VC range from 4.5 V to 5.5 V, and TA = - 40°C to + 125°C.
Typical values are for VC = 5 V; TA = 25°C. Values are for the application schematic shown in gure 6.
Electrical data
Parameter Symbol Unit Min Typ Max Conditions
Supply voltage VCV4.75 55.5 4.5 V possible but limits
measurement range
Current consumption IC
mA 15 19 Operating mode
µA 20 Standby mode
Output voltage in a flux density B VOUT VVREF + VOE + (G x B) Simplified model
Magnetic flux density measuring range BMmT ±3.3 VC = 5 V
Linearity error εL%-1.5 ±0.4 1.5 GB = 600 mV/mT,
B = ± 3.3, VC = 5 V
Sensitivity, referred to magnetic field GBmV/mT 582 600 618 @ 25°C, VC = 5 V
Sensitivity - VC influence % of VC = 5 V value -1 1 @ 25°C, @ VC = 5 V ± 10%
Temperature coefficient of GBTCG ppm/°C -350 350 Refered to 25°C; 3 sigma limits
Reference voltage (Internal reference used as output) VREF V2.480 2.5 2.52 @ 25°C, VC = 5 V
Regulation VC mV/V -5 5 @ 25°C, VC = 5 V ± 10%
Output impedance VREF Ω150 200 250
Temperature coefficient of VREF TCVREF ppm/°C -80 80 25°C - 125°C; 3 sigma limits
Temperature coefficient of VREF TCVREF ppm/°C -100 100 -40°C - 25°C; 3 sigma limits
Reference voltage (External reference used as input) VREF V1.5 2.8
Additional sensitivity error %/V -1 1Relative to 2.5 V
Additional electrical offset voltage mV/V -40 20 Relative to 2.5 V
Electrical offset voltage VOUT - VREF VOE mV -10 10 @ 25°C, B = 0; VC = 5 V
Electrical offset voltage VOUTFast - VREF VOEFast mV ±50 @ 25°C, B = 0; VC = 5 V
Temperature coefficient of VOE and VOEFast TCVOE mV/°C -0.15 0.15 Refered to 25°C and VREF; 3 sigma limits
Offset - VC influence (VOE and VOEFast)mV -10 10 @ 25°C, VC = 5 V ± 10%
Output resistance VOUT ROUT Ω5DC
Output resistance VOUTFast ROUTFast Ω10 DC
Output current magnitude VOUT IOUT mA 30 As source
50 As sink
Output current magnitude VOUTFast IOUTFast mA 5As source
10 As sink
Maximum output capacitive loading CLnF 18 4.7 nF recommended
Standby pin “0” level V-0.3 +0.5
Standby pin “1” level VVC-0.5 VC+0.3 For standby mode
Time to switch from standby to normal mode µs 60 90 % of correct output
Output voltage noise VOUT and VOUTFast Vno µVrms/√Hz 15 f = 1500 Hz - 100 Hz
Internal Clock feed through VOUT µVrms 400 (f = 500 kHz typ)
Internal Clock feed through VOUTFast µVrms 1600 (f = 500 kHz typ)
Reaction time VOUT tra µs 3 Input signal rise time 1 µs
Response time VOUT trµs 5Input signal rise time 1 µs
Reaction time VOUTFast traFast µs 3 Input signal rise time 1 µs
Response time VOUTFast trFast µs 3 Input signal rise time 1 µs
Frequency bandwidth VOUT BW kHz 105 @ -3 dB (Kit 9)
45 @ -1 dB (Kit 9)
Frequency bandwidth VOUTFast BWFast kHz 120 @ -3 dB (Kit 9)
55 @ -1 dB (Kit 9)
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100727/10
FHS 40-P/SP600
0 - 100A
Typical performance charateristics
Figure 1: Output voltage noise
Figure 2: Typical linearity error at +25°C Figure 3: Typical linearity error at +125°C
Typical Linearity error
at +25°C
-0.5%
-0.4%
-0.3%
-0.2%
-0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.2%
0.3%
0.4%
0.5%
-3.5 -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 00.5 11.5 22.5 33.5
B (mT)
Typical Linearity Error
(% of full scale)
Typical Linearity error
at +125°C
-0.6%
-0.4%
-0.2%
0.0%
0.2%
0.4%
0.6%
-3.5 -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 00.5 11.5 22.5 33.5
B (mT)
Typical Linearity Error
(% of full scale)
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100727/10
FHS 40-P/SP600
0 - 100A
Typical performance charateristics
Figure 4: Typical frequency and phase response; VOUT and VOUTFast
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
Frequency (Hz)
Gain (dB)
-180
-90
0
90
180
Phase (°)
Gain
Phase
Kit 9, V
OUT
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
Frequency (Hz)
Gain (dB)
-180
-90
0
90
180
Phase (°)
Gain
Phase
Kit 9, V
OUT Fast
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100727/10
FHS 40-P/SP600
0 - 100A
Typical performance charateristics
Figure 5: Best and worst case di/dt response - VOUT and VOUTFast
Conditions: IP = 50 A - primary track on opposite side of PCB
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100727/10
FHS 40-P/SP600
0 - 100A
Typical connection diagram and ground plane
Values of the electrical data given page 3 are according to the following connection diagram.
Figure 6: Typical connection diagram (C1 = C3 = 47 nF, C2 = 4.7 nF)
Careful design of the PCB is needed to ensure minimum disturbance by surrounding currents and external elds.
C1 to C3 should be mounted as close as possible to the pins.
The maximum capacitor value allowed on VOUT is 18 nF. It is recommended to use 4.7 nF.
The maximum capacitor value allowed on VOUTFast is 330 pF.
A positive output voltage VS is obtained with a current (IP) owing under Minisens from the pin 4/5 end of the package to the pin
1/8 end. VSFast is negative when VS is positive.
If the pin VOUTFast is not used, it should be connected only to a small solder pad. Coupling to other tracks should be minimized.
An internally generated reference voltage of 2.5 V with a source resistance of 200 Ω is available on the pin VREF. The voltage
on this pin may be forced externally with a voltage in the range 1.5 - 2.8 V. The output voltage VS is limited to approximately the
value of VREF in both positive and negative polarities.
VSTANDBY should be connected to a low impedance so that capacitive coupling from adjacent tracks does not disturb it (there is an
internal pull-down whose resistance is 500 kΩ). It should be connected to 0 V if not used.
Connect VSTANDBY to the same voltage as VC to activate the Standby mode. VREF should not be forced in Standby mode.
Minisens can be directly mounted above the PCB track in which the current to be measured ows (see kit 4, for example).
+5V
V
STANDBY
Primary
conductor
I
P
C
3
VC
VOUT
0 V
isolation
barrier
•
STANDBY
VREF
V
S
1
VOUTFast
0 V
C
1
C
2
V
SFast
8
2
3
4
5, 6
7
•
•
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100727/10
FHS 40-P/SP600
0 - 100A
Typical connection diagram and ground plane
Good EMC practice requires the use of ground planes on PCBs. In drives where high dV/dt transients are present, a ground
plane between the primary conductor and Minisens will reduce or avoid output perturbations due to capacitive currents.
However, the ground plane has to be designed to limit eddy currents that would otherwise slow down the response time.
The effect of eddy currents is made negligible by cutting the copper plane under the package as shown in gure 7:
Figure 7: Top side copper plane has a cut under the IC to optimize response time
cut in the plane
under the circuit
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100727/10
FHS 40-P/SP600
0 - 100A
Application information
Basic operation: example with a long thin conductor
Minisens is a galvanically isolated current transducer. It senses the magnetic eld generated by the measured current and
transforms it into an output voltage.
If the current is bidirectional, Minisens will sense the polarity of the magnetic eld and generate a positive or negative output
voltage relative to the reference voltage.
A simple case is presented which illustrates the current to magnetic eld and then to output voltage conversion.
A current owing in a long thin conductor generates a ux density around it:
)T(
0
r
I
2
μ
BP
⋅= π
with IP the current to be measured (A)
r the distance from the center of the wire (m)
µ0 the permeability of vacuum (physical constant, µ0 = 4.π. 10-7 H/m)
Figure 8: Minisens orientation to measure the magnetic field generated by a current along a conductor
If Minisens is now placed in the vicinity of the conductor (with its sensitivity direction colinear to the ux density B), it will sense
the ux density and the output voltage will be:
)V(102.14
0
r
I
r
I
2
μ
GBGV
PP
BBS ⋅⋅=⋅⋅=⋅= −
π
where GB is the Minisens magnetic sensitivity (600 V/T)
The sensitivity is therefore:
)A/V(
102.1
4
rI
V
G
P
S−
⋅
==
The next graph shows how the ouput voltage decreases when r increases.
Note that the sensitivity also depends on the primary conductor shape.
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100727/10
FHS 40-P/SP600
0 - 100A
Application information
Figure 9: Sensitivity versus the distance between the conductor and the Minisens sensing elements
The example above is of limited practical use as most conductors are not round and thin but explains the principles of Minisens
operation.
The measuring range limit (IPM) is reached when the output voltage (V
OUT
- V
REF
) reaches 2 V.
This limit is due to electrical saturation of the output amplier. The input current or eld may be increased above this limit without
risk for the circuit.
Recovery will occur without additional delay (same response time as usual).
The maximum current that can be continuously applied to the transducer (IPM) is only limited by the primary conductor carrying
capacity.
Sensitivity function of distance
(thin and long conductor)
0
50
100
150
200
250
0123 4
Conductor to sensor distance (mm)
Sensitivity (mV/A)
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100727/10
FHS 40-P/SP600
0 - 100A
Application information
Single track on PCB
The main pratical congurations will now be reviewed and their main features highlighted.
The use of Minisens to measure a current owing in a track provides the following advanges:
Isolation is guaranteed by PCB design. If the primary track is placed on the opposite (bottom) side of the PCB, ●
the isolation can be very high
stable and reproducible sensitivity ●
inexpensive ●
large input currents (up to about 100 A). ●
Figure 10: Principle of Minisens used to measure current in a PCB track
Figure 11: Sensitivity versus track width and versus distance between the track and the Minisens sensing
elements
Primary Conductor (Track)
PCB
B
Primary Conductor
(Track)
PCB
B
B
PCB
1
Ip
Sensitivity function of track to magnetic sensor distance
(track 70 microns thick)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
11.5 22.5 33.5
track axis to sensor distance (mm)
Sensitivity (mV/A)
1 mm wide track
2 mm wide track
3 mm wide track
1.235
nominal distance for
a top side track
2.905
nominal distance for a
bottom side track with
1.6 mm PCB
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100727/10
FHS 40-P/SP600
0 - 100A
Application information
The sensitivity depends on the track width and distance, as shown in gure 11.
The maximum current that can be safely applied continuously is determined by the temperature rise of the track.
The use of a track with varying width gives the best combination of sensitivity and track temperature rise.
The following paragraphs show optimized track shapes for bottom and top side tracks.
they are only examples and there could be many others depending on the application requirements.
Track bottom side
High isolation conguration
Track top side
Low isolation conguration
Primary Conductor (Track)
PCB
B
Primary Conductor
(Track)
PCB
B
PCB
Ip
B
1
Track on
bottom side
Ip
B
PCB
1
KIT 5 KIT 9
Creeapage, clearance 8 mm 8 mm
Nominal primary current IPN 16 A 30 A
(85°C ambient, natural convection,
30°C track temperature rise)
Measuring range IPM 55 A 76 A
Sensitivity G 36 mV/A 26 mV/A
Track width under IC 3 mm 8 mm
Track width elsewhere 10 mm 16 mm
A demo board of this G2.00.23.104.0 GE.00.23.108.0
design is available
PCB characteristics 1.6 mm / 70 µm Cu
KIT 4
Creeapage, clearance 0.4 mm
Nominal primary current IPN 16 A
(85°C ambient, natural convection,
30°C track temperature rise)
Measuring range IPM 29 A
Sensitivity G 68.7 mV/A
Track width under IC 3 mm
Track width elsewhere 10 mm
A demo board of this G2.00.23.103.0
design is available
PCB characteristics 70 µm Cu
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100727/10
FHS 40-P/SP600
0 - 100A
Application information
Multi-turns
For low currents (under 10 A), it is advisable to make several turns with the primary track to increase the magnetic eld
generated by the primary current.
As with a single track, it is better to have wider tracks around the Minisens than under it (to reduce temperature rise)
Figure 12: Example of multi-turns PCB design
Two optimized design examples are presented below.
4 turns bottom side
High isolation conguration
3 turns bottom side
Low isolation conguration
KIT 8
Creeapage, clearance 8 mm
Nominal primary current IPN 5 A
(85°C ambient, natural convection,
30°C track temperature rise)
Measuring range IPM 15 A
Sensitivity G 126 mV/A
Track width under IC 0.78 mm
Track width elsewhere 3 mm
A demo board of this GE.00.23.107.0
design is available
PCB characteristics 1.6 mm / 70 µm Cu
KIT 7
Creeapage, clearance 0.4 mm
Nominal primary current IPN 5 A
(85°C ambient, natural convection,
30°C track temperature rise)
Measuring range IPM 10 A
Sensitivity G 186 mV/A
Track width under IC 0.78 mm
Track width elsewhere 3 mm
A demo board of this GE.00.23.106.0
design is available
PCB characteristics 1.6 mm / 70 µm Cu
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100727/10
FHS 40-P/SP600
0 - 100A
Application information
Jumper
The use of a jumper and PCB tracks to realize a complete loop around Minisens allows it to have a very high sensitivity for a
nominal current of about 10 Amps.
KIT 6
Creepage, clearance 0.4 mm
Nominal primary current IPN 9 A
(85°C ambient, natural convection,
30°C track temperature rise)
Measuring range IPM 9 A
Sensitivity G 206 mV/A
Track width under IC 3 mm
Track width elsewhere 10 mm
A demo board of this GE.00.23.105.0
design is available
PCB characteristics 1.6 mm / 70 µm Cu.
Cable or busbar
For very large currents (>50A), Minisens can be used to measure the current owing in a cable or busbar.
The position of Minisens relatively to the conductor has to be stable to avoid sensitivity variations.
1B
PCB
Ip
Ip
PCB
Jumper
Cable or Busbar
PCB
B
Ip
PCB
B
Busbar
Ip
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100727/10
FHS 40-P/SP600
0 - 100A
Application information
Accuracy considerations
Several factors inuence the output accuracy of Minisens as a current transducer:
The sensitivity of the Minisens1.
The distance and shape of the primary conductor2.
The circuit output offset3.
The circuit non-linearity4.
Stray elds 5.
The sensitivity of the Minisens is calibrated during production at 600 V/T ± 3%.
As already mentioned, the distance and shape of the primary conductor also inuence the sensitivity.
No relative movement of the primary conductor to Minisens should be possible.
To avoid differences in a production, the position and shape of the primary conductor and circuit should always be identical.
The magnetic elds generated by neighbouring conductors, the earth’s magnetic eld, magnets, etc. are also measured if they
have a component in the direction to which Minisens is sensitive (see gure 8).
As a general rule, the stronger the eld generated by the primary current, the smaller the inuence of stray elds and offset.
The primary conductor should therefore be designed to maximize the output voltage.
For more details on the accuracy calculation, please consult the “Minisens design guide”.
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100727/10
FHS 40-P/SP600
0 - 100A
Performance parameters denition
Sensitivity & Linearity
Sensitivity: the Sensitivity GB is dened as the slope of the linear regression line for a magnetic eld cycle between ± B mT,
where B is the magnetic eld for full scale output.
Linearity error: for a eld strength b in a cycle whose maximum eld strength is B, the linearity error is:
Error (b) = ((VS (b) - (bGB)) / BGB) x 100 %
where VS (b) is the output voltage, relative to the reference voltage, for the eld b.
The maximum value of Error (b) is given in the electrical data.
Temperature coefcient of G: TCG
This is refered to 25 degrees.
Response and reaction times:
The response time tr, and the reaction time tra are shown in gure 13. The primary current rise time is 1 µs.
Figure 13: response time tr and reaction time tra
V,I
tra
Minisens
outputs
tr
Primary
current
90 %
10 %
t
100 %
Ip
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100727/10
FHS 40-P/SP600
0 - 100A
Dimensions FHS 40-P/SP600 (in mm)
Mechanical characteristics
Recommended reow soldering prole ●
as standard: IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020 revision C
Mass 0.08 g ●
Tape and reel quantity 3000 parts ●
Notes:
All dimensions are in millimeters (angles in degrees)
* Dimensions do not include mold ash, protrusions or gate burrs (shall
not exceed 0.15 per side).
** dimension does not include interleads ash or protrusion (shall not
exceed 0.25 per side).
*** Dimension does not include dambar protrusion.
Allowable dambar protrusion shall be 0.08 mm total in excess of the
dimension at maximum material condition.
Dambar cannot be located on the lower radius of the foot.
Pin connections
Pin 1 : VREF
Pin 2 : VOUT
Pin 3 : 0 V
Pin 4 : 5 V
Pin 5 : 0 V
Pin 6 : 0 V
Pin 7 : Standby
Pin 8 : VOUTFast
XY positioning
± 150 µm
Side view
Top view
Cross-section
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100727/10
FHS 40-P/SP600
0 - 100A
Tape and Reel dimensions
Notes: 1) 10 Sprocket hole pitch cumulative tolerance ± 0.2 mm
2) Camber in compliance with EIA 481
3) Pocket position relative to sprocket hole measured as true position of pocket, not pocket hole.
All dimensions are in mm.
LOKREEL
MINNEAPOLIS, USA
U.S. PAT. 4726534
ASSEMBLED330mmLOKREEL, 4" HUB
9/11/96 A0911-96-1
NOMINAL
HUBWIDTH WWMAX
12mm
16mm
24mm
12.8
16.8
18.2
22.2
12
+.6
-.4
24.8 30.2
2.0±0.5
Ø20.2MIN
Ø13.0+0.5
-0.2
DETAIL"A"
330.0REF
SEEDETAIL"A"
NONE N/A
REVISIONS
NO.DESCRIPTIONDATEBY
- All Dimensions in Millimeters-
T.S.
DRAWNBY
CHK'D
TRACED
SCALE
DATE
APP'D
DRAWINGNO.
MATERIAL
DECIMAL
±
FRACTIONAL
±
ANGULAR
±
TOLERANCES
(EXCEPT AS NOTED)
8mm 8.8 14.2
MATTEFINISHTHESE AREAS
102.0REF
LOCKFEATURE6PLACES
U.S. PATENT4726534
W1 (MEASURED AT HUB)
W2 (MEASURED AT HUB)
32mm 32.8 38.2
44mm 44.8 50.2
56mm 56.8 62.2