LP2980
LP2980 Micropower 50 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Regulator In SOT-23 Package
Literature Number: SNOS733L
January 8, 2009
LP2980
Micropower 50 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Regulator In SOT-23
Package
General Description
The LP2980 is a 50 mA, fixed-output voltage regulator de-
signed specifically to meet the requirements of battery-pow-
ered applications.
Using an optimized VIP® (Vertically Integrated PNP) process,
the LP2980 delivers unequaled performance in all specifica-
tions critical to battery-powered designs:
Dropout Voltage. Typically 120 mV @ 50 mA load, and 7 mV
@ 1 mA load.
Ground Pin Current. Typically 375 μA @ 50 mA load, and
80 μA @ 1 mA load.
Sleep Mode. Less than 1 μA quiescent current when ON/
OFF pin is pulled low.
Minimum Part Count. Requires only 1 μF of external capac-
itance on the regulator output.
Precision Output. 0.5% tolerance output voltages available
(A grade).
5.0V, 4.7V, 3.3V, 3.0V and 2.5V versions available as stan-
dard products.
Features
■Ultra low dropout voltage
■Output voltage accuracy 0.5% (A Grade)
■Guaranteed 50 mA output current
■Requires only 1 μF external capacitance
■< 1 μA quiescent current when shutdown
■Low ground pin current at all load currents
■High peak current capability (150 mA typical)
■Wide supply voltage range (16V max)
■Fast dynamic response to line and load
■Low ZOUT over wide frequency range
■Over-Temperature and Over-Current protection
■−40°C to +125°C junction temperature range
Applications
■Cellular Phone
■Palmtop/Laptop Computer
■Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
■Camcorder, Personal Stereo, Camera
Block Diagram
1207801
VIP® is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.
© 2009 National Semiconductor Corporation 12078 www.national.com
LP2980 Micropower 50 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Regulator In SOT-23 Package
Connection Diagram
5-Lead Small Outline Package (SOT-23)
1207803
Top View
See NS Package Number MF05A
Pin Descriptions
Name Pin
Number Function
VIN 1 Input Voltage
GND 2 Common Ground (device substrate)
ON/OFF 3 Logic high enable input
N/C 4 Post package trim - do not connect to this pin
VOUT 5 Regulated output voltage
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LP2980
Ordering Information
TABLE 1. Package Marking and Order Information
If a non-standard voltage is required, see the LP2980-ADJ.
Output Voltage (V) Grade Order
Information
Package
Marking Supplied as
2.5
ALP2980AIM5X-2.5 L0NA 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2980AIM5-2.5 L0NA 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
STD LP2980IM5X-2.5 L0NB 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2980IM5-2.5 L0NB 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
2.8
ALP2980AIM5X-2.8 L13A 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2980AIM5-2.8 L13A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
STD LP2980IM5X-2.8 L13B 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2980IM5-2.8 L13B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
2.9
ALP2980AIM5X-2.9 L12A 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2980AIM5-2.9 L12A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
STD LP2980IM5X-2.9 L12B 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2980IM5-2.9 L12B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.0
ALP2980AIM5X-3.0 L02A 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2980AIM5-3.0 L02A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
STD LP2980IM5X-3.0 L02B 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2980IM5-3.0 L02B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.2
ALP2980AIM5X-3.2 L31A 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2980AIM5-3.2 L31A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
STD LP2980IM5X-3.2 L31B 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2980IM5-3.2 L31B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.3
ALP2980AIM5X-3.3 L00A 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2980AIM5-3.3 L00A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
STD LP2980IM5X-3.3 L00B 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2980IM5-3.3 L00B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.8
ALP2980AIM5X-3.8 L21A 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2980AIM5-3.8 L21A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
STD LP2980IM5X-3.8 L21B 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2980IM5-3.8 L21B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
4.7
ALP2980AIM5X-4.7 L37A 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2980AIM5-4.7 L37A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
STD LP2980IM5X-4.7 L37B 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2980IM5-4.7 L37B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
5.0
ALP2980AIM5X-5.0 L01A 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2980AIM5-5.0 L01A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
STD LP2980IM5X-5.0 L01B 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2980IM5-5.0 L01B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
3 www.national.com
LP2980
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
Storage Temperature Range −65°C to +150°C
Operating Junction Temperature
Range −40°C to +125°C
Lead Temperature
(Soldering, 5 sec.) 260°C
ESD Rating (Note 2) 2 kV
Power Dissipation (Note 3) Internally Limited
Input Supply Voltage (Survival) −0.3V to +16V
Input Supply Voltage (Operating) 2.1V to +16V
Shutdown Input Voltage (Survival) −0.3V to +16V
Output Voltage (Survival), (Note 4) −0.3V to +9V
IOUT (Survival) Short Circuit Protected
Input-Output Voltage (Survival),
(Note 5) −0.3V to +16V
Electrical Characteristics
Limits in standard typeface are for TJ = 25°C, and limits in boldface type apply over the full operating temperature range. Unless
otherwise specified: VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA, COUT = 1 μF, VON/OFF = 2V.
Symbol Parameter Conditions Typ LP2980AI-XX LP2980I-XX Units
(Note 6) (Note 6)
Min Max Min Max
ΔVOOutput Voltage Tolerance IL = 1 mA −0.50 0.50 −1.0 1.0
%VNOM
1 mA < IL < 50 mA −0.75 0.75 −1.5 1.5
−2.5 2.5 −3.5 3.5
Output Voltage VO(NOM) + 1V 0.007 0.014 0.014 %/V
Line Regulation ≤ VIN ≤ 16V 0.032 0.032
VIN–VODropout Voltage IL = 0 1 3 3 mV
(Note 7) 5 5
IL = 1 mA 7 10 10
15 15
IL = 10 mA 40 60 60
90 90
IL = 50 mA 120 150 150
225 225
IGND Ground Pin Current IL = 0 65 95 95 μA
125 125
IL = 1 mA 80 110 110
170 170
IL = 10 mA 140 220 220
460 460
IL = 50 mA 375 600 600
1200 1200
VON/OFF < 0.18V 0 1 1
VON/OFF ON/OFF Input Voltage High = O/P ON 1.4 1.6 1.6 V
(Note 8) Low = O/P OFF 0.55 0.18 0.18
ION/OFF ON/OFF Input Current VON/OFF = 0 0 −1 −1 μA
VON/OFF = 5V 5 15 15
IO(PK) Peak Output Current VOUT ≥ VO(NOM) − 5% 150 100 100 mA
enOutput Noise BW = 300 Hz–50 kHz, 160 μV
Voltage (RMS) COUT = 10 μF
Ripple Rejection f = 1 kHz 63 dB
COUT = 10 μF
IO(MAX) Short Circuit Current RL = 0 (Steady State)
(Note 9) 150 mA
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LP2980
Note 1: Absolute maximum ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the component may occur. Electrical specifications do not apply when operating the
device outside of its rated operating conditions.
Note 2: The ESD rating of pins 3 and 4 for the SOT-23 package is 1 kV.
Note 3: The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the maximum junction temperature, TJ(MAX), the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance, θJA,
and the ambient temperature, TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is calculated using:
The value of θJA for the SOT-23 package is 220°C/W. Exceeding the maximum allowable power dissipation will cause excessive die temperature, and the regulator
will go into thermal shutdown.
Note 4: If used in a dual-supply system where the regulator load is returned to a negative supply, the LP2980 output must be diode-clamped to ground.
Note 5: The output PNP structure contains a diode between the VIN and VOUT terminals that is normally reverse-biased. Reversing the polarity from VIN to
VOUT will turn on this diode (See REVERSE CURRENT PATH).
Note 6: Limits are 100% production tested at 25°C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed through correlation using Statistical Quality
Control (SQC) methods. The limits are used to calculate National's Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL).
Note 7: Dropout voltage is defined as the input to output differential at which the output voltage drops 100 mV below the value measured with a 1V differential.
Note 8: The ON/OFF inputs must be properly driven to prevent misoperation. For details, refer to ON/OFF INPUT OPERATION.
Note 9: See related curve(s) in Typical Performance Characteristics section.
Typical Application Circuit
1207802
*ON/OFF input must be actively terminated. Tie to VIN if this function is not to be used.
**Minimum Output Capacitance is 1 μF to insure stability over full load current range. More capacitance provides superior dynamic performance and additional
stability margin (see Application Hints).
***Do not make connections to this pin.
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LP2980
Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified: TA = 25°C, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V,
COUT = 2.2 μF, all voltage options, ON/OFF pin tied to VIN.
Output Voltage vs
Temperature
1207809
Output Voltage vs
Temperature
1207839
Output Voltage vs
Temperature
1207840
Dropout Characteristics
1207816
Dropout Characteristics
1207815
Dropout Characteristics
1207814
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LP2980
Dropout Voltage vs
Temperature
1207811
Dropout Voltage vs
Load Current
1207820
Ground Pin Current vs
Temperature
1207810
Ground Pin Current vs
Load Current
1207819
Input Current vs VIN
1207817
Input Current vs VIN
1207818
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LP2980
Line Transient Response
1207821
Line Transient Response
1207822
Load Transient Response
1207841
Load Transient Response
1207842
Load Transient Response
1207823
Load Transient Response
1207824
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LP2980
Short Circuit Current
1207832
Instantaneous Short Circuit Current
vs Temperature
1207812
Short Circuit Current
1207833
Output Impedance vs
Frequency
1207844
Output Impedance vs
Frequency
1207826
Output Noise Density
1207827
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LP2980
Ripple Rejection
1207825
Input to Output Leakage
vs Temperature
1207828
Output Reverse Leakage vs
Temperature
1207829
Turn-On Waveform
1207830
Turn-Off Waveform
1207831
ON/OFF Pin Current vs VON/OFF
1207845
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LP2980
Application Hints
OUTPUT CAPACITOR
Like any low-dropout regulator, the LP2980 requires an out-
put capacitor to maintain regulator loop stability. This capac-
itor must be selected to meet the requirements of minimum
capacitance and equivalent series resistance (ESR) range. It
is not difficult to find capacitors which meet the criteria of the
LP2980, as the acceptable capacitance and ESR ranges are
wider than for most other LDOs.
In general, the capacitor value must be at least 1 μF (over the
actual ambient operating temperature), and the ESR must be
within the range indicated in Figures 1, 2 and Figure 3. It
should be noted that, although a maximum ESR is shown in
these Figures, it is very unlikely to find a capacitor with ESR
that high.
Tantalum Capacitors
Surface-mountable solid tantalum capacitors offer a good
combination of small physical size for the capacitance value,
and ESR in the range needed by the LP2980.
The results of testing the LP2980 stability with surface-mount
solid tantalum capacitors show good stability with values of at
least 1 μF. The value can be increased to 2.2 μF (or more) for
even better performance, including transient response and
noise.
Small value tantalum capacitors that have been verified as
suitable for use with the LP2980 are shown in Table 2. Ca-
pacitance values can be increased without limit.
Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors
Although probably not a good choice for a production design,
because of relatively large physical size, an aluminum elec-
trolytic capacitor can be used in the design prototype for an
LP2980 regulator. A value of at least 1 μF should be used,
and the ESR must meet the conditions of Figures 1, 2 and
Figure 3. If the operating temperature drops below 0°C, the
regulator may not remain stable, as the ESR of the aluminum
electrolytic capacitor will increase, and may exceed the limits
indicated in the Figures.
TABLE 2. Surface-Mount Tantalum Capacitor
Selection Guide
1 μF Surface-Mount Tantalums
Manufacturer Part Number
Kemet T491A105M010AS
NEC NRU105M10
Siemens B45196-E3105-K
Nichicon F931C105MA
Sprague 293D105X0016A2T
2.2 μF Surface-Mount Tantalums
Manufacturer Part Number
Kemet T491A225M010AS
NEC NRU225M06
Siemens B45196/2.2/10/10
Nichicon F930J225MA
Sprague 293D225X0010A2T
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors
Surface-mountable multilayer ceramic capacitors may be an
attractive choice because of their relatively small physical size
and excellent RF characteristics. However, they sometimes
have ESR values lower than the minimum required by the
LP2980, and relatively large capacitance change with tem-
perature. The manufacturer's datasheet for the capacitor
should be consulted before selecting a value.
Test results of LP2980 stability using multilayer ceramic ca-
pacitors show that a minimum value of 2.2 μF is usually
needed for the 5V regulator. For the lower output voltages, or
for better performance, a higher value should be used, such
as 4.7 μF.
Multilayer ceramic capacitors that have been verified as suit-
able for use with the LP2980 are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3. Surface-Mount Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor
Selection Guide
2.2 μF Surface-Mount Ceramic
Manufacturer Part Number
Tokin 1E225ZY5U-C203
Murata GRM42-6Y5V225Z16
4.7 μF Surface-Mount Ceramic
Manufacturer Part Number
Tokin 1E475ZY5U-C304
1207848
FIGURE 1. 1 μF ESR Range
1207849
FIGURE 2. 2.2 μF ESR Range
11 www.national.com
LP2980
1207850
FIGURE 3. 10 μF ESR Range
REVERSE CURRENT PATH
The internal PNP power transistor used as the pass element
in the LP2980 has an inherent diode connected between the
regulator output and input. During normal operation (where
the input voltage is higher than the output) this diode is re-
verse biased (See Figure 4).
1207834
FIGURE 4. LP2980 Reverse Current Path
However, if the input voltage is more than a VBE below the
output voltage, this diode will turn ON and current will flow into
the regulator output. In such cases, a parasitic SCR can latch
which will allow a high current to flow into the VIN pin and out
the ground pin, which can damage the part.
The internal diode can also be turned on if the input voltage
is abruptly stepped down to a voltage which is a VBE below
the output voltage.
In any application where the output voltage may be higher
than the input voltage, an external Schottky diode must be
connected from VIN to VOUT (cathode on VIN, anode on
VOUT. See Figure 5), to limit the reverse voltage across the
LP2980 to 0.3V (See Absolute Maximum Ratings).
1207835
FIGURE 5. Adding External Schottky Diode Protection
ON/OFF INPUT OPERATION
The LP2980 is shut off by pulling the ON/OFF input low, and
turned on by driving the input high. If this feature is not to be
used, the ON/OFF input should be tied to VIN to keep the reg-
ulator on at all times (the ON/OFF input must not be left
floating).
To ensure proper operation, the signal source used to drive
the ON/OFF input must be able to swing above and below the
specified turn-on/turn-off voltage thresholds which guarantee
an ON or OFF state (see Electrical Characteristics).
The ON/OFF signal may come from either a totem-pole out-
put, or an open-collector output with pull-up resistor to the
LP2980 input voltage or another logic supply. The high-level
voltage may exceed the LP2980 input voltage, but must re-
main within the Absolute Maximum Ratings for the ON/OFF
pin.
It is also important that the turn-on/turn-off voltage signals
applied to the ON/OFF input have a slew rate which is greater
than 40 mV/μs.
IMPORTANT: The regulator shutdown function will not oper-
ate correctly if a slow-moving signal is used to drive the ON/
OFF input.
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LP2980
Increasing Output Current
1207851
FIGURE 6. 5V/400mA Regulator
The LP2980 can be used to control higher-current regulators,
by adding an external PNP pass device. With the PNP tran-
sistors shown in Figure 6, the output current can be as high
as 400 mA, as long as the input voltage is held within the Safe
Operation Boundary Curves shown below in Figure 7.
To ensure regulation, the minimum input voltage of this reg-
ulator is 6V. This “headroom” is the sum of the VBE of the
external transistor and the dropout voltage of the LP2980.
Notes:
A. Drive this input with a logic signal (see Application Hints).
If the shutdown function is not to be used, tie the ON/OFF pin
directly to the VIN pin.
B. Recommended devices (other PNP transistors can be
used if the current gain and voltage ratings are similar).
C. Capacitor is required for regulator stability. Minimum size
is shown, and may be increased without limit.
D. Increasing the output capacitance improves transient re-
sponse and increases phase margin.
E. Maximum safe input voltage and load current are limited
by power dissipation in the PNP pass transistor and the max-
imum ambient temperature for the specific application. If a
TO-92 transistor such as the MPS2907A is used, the thermal
resistance from junction-to-ambient is 180°C/W in still air.
Assuming a maximum allowable junction temperature of 150°
C for the MPS2907A device, the following curves show the
maximum VIN and IL values that may be safely used for sev-
eral ambient temperatures.
1207852
FIGURE 7. Safe Operation Boundary Curves for
Figure 6
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LP2980
1207853
FIGURE 8. 5V to 3.3V @ 3A Converter
With limited input voltage range, the LP2980 can control a
3.3V, 3A regulator with the use of a high current-gain external
PNP pass transistor as shown in Figure 8. If the regulator is
to be loaded with the full 3A, heat sinking will be required on
the pass transistor to keep it within its rated temperature
range. Refer to the Heatsink Thermal Resistance Require-
ments, below. For best load regulation at the high load cur-
rent, the LP2980 output voltage connection should be made
as close to the load as possible.
Although this regulator can handle a much higher load current
than can the LP2980 alone, it can be shut down in the same
manner as the LP2980. When the ON/OFF control is brought
low, the converter will be in shutdown, and will draw less than
1 μA from the source.
Notes:
A. Drive this input with a logic signal (see Application Hints).
If the shutdown function is not to be used, tie the ON/OFF pin
directly to the VIN pin.
B. Capacitor is required for regulator stability. Minimum size
is shown, and may be increased without limit.
C. Increasing the output capacitance improves transient re-
sponse and increases phase margin.
D. A heatsink may be required for this transistor. The maxi-
mum allowable value for thermal resistance of the heatsink is
dependent on ambient temperature and load current (see
curves in Figure 9). Once the value is obtained from the graph,
a heatsink must be selected which has a thermal resistance
equal to or lower than this value. If the value is above 60°C/
W, no heatsink is required (the TO-220 package alone will
safely dissipate this).
For these curves, a maximum junction temperature of 150°C
is assumed for the pass transistor. The case-to-heatsink at-
tachment thermal resistance is assumed to be 1.5°C/W. All
calculations are for 5.5V input voltage (which is worst-case
for power dissipation).
1207854
FIGURE 9. Heatsink Thermal Resistance Requirements for
Figure 8
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LP2980
Notes
LP2980 Micropower 50 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Regulator In SOT-23 Package
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Products Applications
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DSP dsp.ti.com Industrial www.ti.com/industrial
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